Johanniterkommende Freiburg

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Freiburg im Breisgau 1589 - number 10 above left = Johanniterkommende

The Johanniterkommende Freiburg was a religious house of the Johanniter / Malteser in Freiburg im Breisgau that had existed since at least 1240, and which became part of the Kommende Heitersheim in 1677 .

history

There is no verifiable speculation that the foundation of the Freiburg order house was founded before 1207 by the Zähringer or on their initiative. The earliest known documentary mention dates from 1240. Count Konrad I of Freiburg confirmed privileges for the Dominicans at the cemetery of the Johanniterspital . In 1252 the Johanniter Hospital was looked after by only two brothers. Not until 1264 was a separate commander named for the Freiburg commandery , while until then the house of the order was presumably directed from Basel. The house stood in the Freiburg district of Neuburg and was initially outside the city fortifications. In the following decades the religious house received numerous foundations from the citizens of Freiburg and the nobility. The friars came from the rural and urban nobility. In 1269 there were eight brothers in the house. The Lords of Staufen particularly promoted the order and also held leadership positions.

Count Egino II of Freiburg sold his Alzenach Castle to the Johanniter in 1283 . "A community of religious sisters was attached to the men's convention, who lived as canons according to the Augustine rule and are documented between 1310 and 1398." In 1390, Wendlingen and Uffhausen became the property of the Johanniterhaus in Freiburg.

In 1495 the Freiburger Kommende der Johanniter consisted of a large house (28 beds) with a large church (7 altars). Four other religious sites (membra) were also administered from Freiburg. In addition to Heitersheim, these were Neuenburg am Rhein , Kenzingen and Thunstetten . Since the then Grand Prior of Germany, Rudolf von Werdenberg , already had his seat in Heitersheim, the real center and the administration of the entire coming was already there.

The Freiburg membrum Heitersheim became its own commander in 1505, whereby the Commander of Freiburg was often also Commander of Heitersheim in personal union.

After Freiburg was captured by the French in the Dutch War in 1677 , they had the suburbs demolished with the Johanniterhaus in the Neuburg and expanded into a modern fortress by their fortress builder Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban . Since the possessions around Heitersheim were already larger and the order had sovereign rights there, the Freiburg commandery was united with that of Heitersheim in 1677.

literature

  • Philipp Ruppert: List of all persons resting in God at the house of God S. Johann in Dem Breisgau. In: Freiburg Diöcesan Archive Volume 20, 1889, pp. 293-298 ( digitized version ).
  • Baden Historical Commission (editor), edited by Albert Krieger: Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Heidelberg 1904, Volume 1, Column 640–643 ( digitized version ).
  • Alfred Graf von Kageneck, Berent Schwineköper: The Johanniterkommenden in Freiburg and Heitersheim in 1495 . In: Schau-ins-Land, year 98, 1979, pp. 121–128 ( digital copy ).
  • Bernhard Maurer: The Johanniter-Kommende Freiburg im Breisgau (Former religious branches in Baden-Württemberg, part 9) . In: The Order of St. John in Baden-Württemberg 85, 1992, pp. 4–13.
  • Bernhard Maurer: The Johanniter and Maltese in Breisgau. From the past and present of the Order of St. John and Maltese on the Upper Rhine. 2nd Edition. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, ISBN 3-89155-248-3 .
  • Thomas Zotz: Johanniter in town and country. On the history of the knight's settlement in Freiburg and Heitersheim. In: Das Markgräflerland , issue 2/2011, pp. 154–171.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Zotz p. 159.
  2. ↑ Hans-Peter Widmann in the monastery database Baden-Württemberg.
  3. ↑ s. Zotz p. 159.
  4. ↑ s. Zotz p. 162; Maurer (1999) names only seven.
  5. ↑ s. Maurer (1999) p. 35.
  6. ↑ Hans-Peter Widmann in the monastery database Baden-Württemberg.
  7. ↑ Entry St. Georgen (old community / suburb) on discover geography online - leobw .
  8. ↑ On the Johanniterhaus in Neuchâtel see Klaus Flink: Council, city-based ministeriality and Johanniterkommende of the imperial city of Neuchâtel on the Rhine. In: Das Markgräflerland , Volume 2/2011, pp. 90–115; in particular p. 101 ff.
  9. ↑ s. Kageneck p. 126.

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 58.5 ″  N , 7 ° 51 ′ 23.5 ″  E