Munot
| Munot | ||
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 Munot fortress, view from Feuerthalen |
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| Creation time : | 1564-1589 | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Schaffhausen | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 41 '49 " N , 8 ° 38' 23" E | |
| Height: | 433 m above sea level M. | |
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The Munot is a circular fortress in the center of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen on the Emmersberg and is considered the city's landmark. It was built in the 16th century from ashlar and rubble stones from the Malm, which is here and in the vicinity ; shortly after completion there were the first doubts as to whether the system was state of the art in military technology. It served only once for defense: in 1799 during the retreat of the French troops from the Austrians .
history
As with other exposed fortifications, the idea is sought that the Romans should once have built a watchtower on the site of today's Munot as part of their border fortifications along the Rhine. In any case, it is documented that from 1098 there was a fortification at this point, the so-called “Annot” or “Unot” (mhd. For “without need”), which was initially owned by a nobleman (probably a bailiff ). In 1561 the old Zwingolf was razed.
The current complex was built between 1536 and 1546 under the city master builder Heinrich Schwarz (1526–1593), probably to the knowledge of Albrecht Dürer's work of a circular fortification , partly also in serf work , and with its keep is one of the few examples of the transition from a castle to a modern one Fortress. The Munot was part of the city fortifications. The construction cost the city 47,528 guilders , which corresponded to the construction costs of around 800 townhouses.
In 1646, in the course of the Thirty Years' War, the construction of jumps and an outbuilding was considered . Johann Georg Werdmüller drew a plan, but the calculated costs of 165,627 guilders could be saved because in 1648 peace was declared in Münster .
Siege 1799
On October 1, 1798, the city and the Munot were occupied by the French, after Balthasar Alexis Henri Antoine von Schauenburg and Jean-Jacques Rapinat had already appeared in the city on June 15 . On November 15, 1798, André Masséna appeared and requested quarters for the French wounded after the Battle of Ostrach and the Battle of Stockach in the city. General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan had an ammunition depot built, and the Munot was provided with guns.
On April 13, 1799, General Maximilian Baillet von Latour and Major Michael von Kienmayer positioned 6,000 men at Herblingen and Büsingen . The guns were posted at Buchthalen on the Windegg . After the request to surrender the city and fortress remained unanswered, the bombardment began at around 3 p.m. The Munot's crew returned fire, but after storming the city around 5 p.m. they threw the guns into the trench, where the Austrians took possession of them. In order to make a pursuit impossible, the French set fire to the Grubenmann Bridge .
Repair
After the end of the only siege of the fortress, it had suffered great damage from the bombardment and lost all meaning. In 1804 the city council approved the removal of the sandstone slabs from the pinnacle , and rainwater penetrated the vaults. The walls served as a quarry for the growing city of Schaffhausen.
From 1826, Johann Jakob Beck (1786–1868), drawing teacher at the canton school , campaigned for the preservation of Munot. Until 1839 the Munot was restored on his initiative and saved from collapse. On October 30th, 1839 the renovated Munot was inaugurated again with a big festival, the Munotfeier . On this day the Munot Association was founded. Its first president and Munot's father was Johann Jakob Beck.
Usage today
The Munot now serves as a municipal event location and cultural center. During the summer months, the Munot Association organizes the well-known Munot balls with live dance music on the Munotzinne every Saturday evening. The quadrille , also called française , is danced twice a night . Ballroom dancing was first mentioned in France and England in the 17th century. This traditional dance has been celebrated during the Munot balls for over a hundred years. The dance is divided into five tours with precisely defined steps and takes about 20 minutes.
Every year after the summer vacation, the Munot Association holds the Munot Children's Festival with a large fireworks display at the end.
A small herd of fallow deer is kept at Munot . The stag bears the name of the incumbent mayor of Schaffhausen.
Construction data
Today the Munot presents itself as a cylindrical building with a diameter of 50 m. The height of the masonry cylinder is about 25 m up to the uppermost gun platform with a wall thickness of 4 m. The tower of the fortress crowned with a pointed roof is another 15 m higher.
The tower and the apartment located Munot guardian who is the Damhirschkolonie care in Munot ditch and every night at 21 o'clock, the hand Munot bell rings. During the women's strike on June 14, 2019, the Munot bell was silent for the first and only time in hundreds of years.
The massive casemate inside the fortress is of interest . The vault, around four meters thick, is supported by nine pillars. When the fortress was planned, it was not planned to cover the courtyard. The casemate is illuminated by four circular light shafts.
The Munot had a dry moat to prevent it from approaching. In the trench there are three so-called trench capons , which are crowned by stone domes to protect the artillery below . This type of construction was far ahead of its time, as armored domes made of hard cast iron or cast steel did not appear until the 19th century.
The 76 ares large Munot vineyard (49 aren Blauburgunder vines and 27 aren Tokayer or Pinotgris vines) belongs to the city of Schaffhausen and delivers between 5000 and 7000 liters of "Munötler" every year.
Other uses of the term Munot
In 1998, the most modern motor ship of the Swiss shipping company Untersee und Rhein was christened Munot .
The local radio station in Schaffhausen is named Radio Munot after the city's landmark .
The second oldest secondary school connection in Schaffhausen is called Munot.
In 2007 the Swiss National Bank issued a CHF 20 commemorative coin with the Munot theme.
The Munot in art
- Joseph Mallord William Turner : Sketchbook in the Tate Gallery London
- The castle scenes of the Swiss cult film The Ring Thing were filmed in Munot
See also
Other preserved structures of the former medieval city fortifications of Schaffhausen are:
Munot with vineyard
Munot with eastern battlements and Roman tower
casemate
Plan of the first floor of Munot by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
Fallow deer at Munot
Roundabout and ditch
The entrance gate (inside) to the Reitschnecke
The snail
literature
- Reinhard Frauenfelder: The Munot in Schaffhausen . Architectural history guide. Schaffhausen 1947.
- Reinhard Frauenfelder: The Art Monuments of the Canton of Schaffhausen , Volume 1 The City of Schaffhausen , Birkhäuser, Basel, 1951.
- Hartwig Neumann : Fortress architecture and fortification technology , Koblenz 1988.
- Ernst Hunkeler: The Munot . Guide to the castle festivals in Schaffhausen. Meili, Schaffhausen 1989, ISBN 3-85805-200-0 (48 pages).
- Karl Schmuki: The Munot, the Schaffhausen landmark, in the light of travelogues from the 18th and 19th centuries. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 108th year 1990, pp. 197-212 (digitized version )
- Werner Meyer , Hans Ulrich Wipf: The Munot in Schaffhausen . Swiss Art Guide GSK, Bern 1992, ISBN 3-85782-501-4 .
- Hans Ulrich Wipf, Werner Meyer: The Munot in Schaffhausen. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 946, Series 95). Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2014, ISBN 978-3-03797-156-7 .
Web links
- Official website of the Munot Club
- Matthias Wipf: Munot. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- French-language, but richly illustrated page
- City archive Schaffhausen: Historical recordings of the Munot
- MS Munot
- Website about the Munot Guardian and the fortress itself
Individual evidence
- ↑ Angelika Hardegger, Alexandra Kohler, Linda Koponen, Esther Widmann: Women's strike Switzerland 2019: What remains of the euphoria in 2020? In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . ( nzz.ch [accessed June 14, 2020]).
- ↑ Schaffhausen looking down the inside from below kastell munot
