Islamic Central Council Switzerland

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Islamic Central Council Switzerland
founding October 25, 2009
Seat Bern
Action space Switzerland
people Nicolas Blancho (President)
Ferah Ulucay (General Secretary)
Naim Cherni (Cultural Production )
Qaasim Illi (Public Relations)
Nora Illi (Women's Affairs)
sales 316,106.89 (2013)
Members approx. 3,700 (2016)
Website www.izrs.ch

The Islamic Central Council Switzerland IZRS ( French Conseil central islamique suisse - CCIS, Italian Consiglio centrale islamico della Svizzera - CCIS, English Islamic Central Council of Switzerland - ICCS) is a fundamentalist Islamic organization in Switzerland . It is registered in the commercial register as an association based in Bern . He is under observation by the federal intelligence service .

Organization and structure

Goals, purpose and self-image

According to the statutes, the association aims to:

  • the active promotion of Islamic educational projects in Switzerland.
  • the active dissemination of Islamic knowledge in Switzerland with the aim of breaking down prejudice against Islam among the population.
  • The constitution of an Islamic self- image on the basis of the Qur'an , the authentic tradition of prophets ( Sunna ) and classical jurisprudence ( Fiqh ) within the legal framework of the Swiss Confederation .
  • the public representation of Islamic normative positions in Switzerland and with reference to Switzerland.

The association is neutral with regard to Swiss party politics , but is committed to doing so on a factual basis, i.e. H. to debates about Islam, to take a political stance. In contrast to the traditional umbrella organizations, the association sees itself as a dynamic grassroots organization that aims to give Muslims in Switzerland a voice in public. The association is a member of two international umbrella organizations, namely the European Muslims League (EML) based in Genoa (IT) and the Muslims Scholars Association (MSA) based in Kuwait .

Foundation, association structure and board

The association was founded shortly before the vote on the ban on minarets , and strengthened by this, by around 20 people from different parts of Switzerland at a constituent general assembly in Bern on October 25, 2009.

Board of Directors and General Assembly

The board consists of eight members, a president, a general secretary and six heads of department. The current President is Nicolas Blancho (since January 2010), the current General Secretary Ferah Ulucay (since July 2014), the heads of the individual departments are currently (as of 2016):

  1. Department for the Coordination of Islamic Institutions: Osman Mohammed Ali (since February 2012), Nursing Assistant
  2. Da'wa department and information booths: Habib Oruç (since February 2012), engineer
  3. Finance and Accounting Department: Adisin Hodza (since January 2010), entrepreneur
  4. Public Relations and Information Department: Qaasim Illi (since January 2010), student (history, Islamic studies)
  5. Department of Women's Affairs: Nora Illi (since February 2012), polygraph
  6. Cultural Production Department: Naim Cherni (since February 2012), student

The heads of department coordinate the tasks in their areas by setting up commissions that are responsible for implementing the individual projects. Apart from the departments, all other association members have passive status, so-called passive members.

Unless otherwise specified, a simple majority of the valid votes decides in elections and votes within the General Assembly (GV) . However, the president has the right to veto votes, which can be overruled by a qualified two-thirds majority . In the case of elections, however, the right of veto does not apply.

organs

The association consists of six organs, with the president and the heads of department together forming the board, a seventh organ. The organs of the association are:

  1. the general assembly (GV),
  2. the president,
  3. the department heads,
  4. the Majlis asch-Shura ,
  5. the commissions,
  6. the presidential staff.

The Majlis asch-Shura is a subordinate decision-making body to the General Assembly in the Central Council, whose members are delegates from Islamic institutions. The interests of the 13 mosque communities (as of 2012) are represented in the council.

Members

The association consists of active, passive and honorary members. Any natural person of Islamic faith who is willing to actively promote the purpose of the association can be accepted as an active member by the General Assembly (GV). Any natural person who undertakes to pay the membership fee set by the General Meeting can become a passive member. People can be made honorary members by the General Assembly if they have rendered special services to the association through their activities or if they have made a positive contribution to Islam. Membership expires through death, resignation or exclusion by the General Assembly.

composition

The Switzerland on Sunday received 2,010 insight into the members directory, which then counted 960 members on 17 April. Accordingly, around 60 percent of the members are men and 40 percent women. Around 60 percent of the members are Swiss , the majority of whom come from immigrant families. Around 10 percent of all members are Swiss converts , 60% of them women. The members without a Swiss passport mostly come from the Balkans , Turkey or Iraq and other Arab countries , but also from Pakistan , Libya , Eritrea or Somalia . Around 80 percent of the members of the IZRS were younger than 35 at the time; the youngest were 16-year-old students and the oldest were an 80-year-old married couple. The association apparently only attracted a few unemployed and disability pensioners, the vast majority of members stated that they were working. Most worked in technical professions, for example as machine operators, IT specialists and electricians, but many also worked as chauffeurs, pizza parlors and two as full-time imams . Students from the Universities of Bern , Lucerne and St. Gallen are members as well as teachers, educators, psychologists, doctors, engineers, including a therapist, a painter and an employee of the French embassy in Bern. According to its own information, the association took on two to four new members per day; there were only two withdrawals until April 17, 2010. Press spokesman Qaasim Illi commented on the development at that time with the words: "Since the adoption of the minaret initiative, we have assumed a fairly crisis-resistant base". The newspaper captivated the impressions under the title Young, Female, Well-educated .

number

On January 15, 2010, the association appeared in public for the first time and, according to its own information, already had 500 passive and 26 active members. According to information of Nicolas Blancho on 1 April 2016 in the broadcast arena of the SRF of ICCS 3,700 members counted time approx.

Membership numbers
date All in all passive active
April 2016 approx. 3,700 - -
November 2014 3,219 - -
December 2012 2,610 2,567 43
October 2011 approx. 2,050 approx. 2,000 45
November 2010 approx. 1,750 approx. 1,700 34
May 2010 approx. 1,150 approx. 1,100 36
April 2010 960 - -
January 2010 approx. 525 about 500 26th

The membership figures correspond to around 0.9 percent of the 346,207 Muslim resident population living in Switzerland (as of 2014).

Finances

According to its own information, the IZRS did not receive any donations from abroad in 2010 and from then on has undertaken to show such donations separately in the financial reports. According to the financial reports from 2010 to 2013, no donations were received from abroad. The financial reports were published on the club's website between 2010 and 2013. For the years 2009 to 2013 they were submitted late, but after a system change in 2014 they are now published within three months of the end of the accounting period. The Sunday paper rose in an article dated February 2012 allegations against the financial management of the ICCS, citing anonymous sources. Allegedly, certain members are inadequately or not at all informed about finances and the financial reports are insufficient. The interviewed Nicolas Blancho was not allowed to respond to the allegations, but after the article was published, the IZRS made all of its previous financial reports available online in the same month. The aforementioned newspaper report criticizes President Nicholas Blancho's contact with Tareq al-Essa , President of the Revival of Islamic Heritage Society (RIHS). The RIHS will u. a. sanctioned in Pakistan and Afghanistan by the UN in accordance with resolution 1989 for links to controversial organizations. The interviewee was not allowed to comment on this accusation either. In Kuwait itself, the RIHS charity is not subject to any allegations and is not allowed.

Income statement
year Yield effort Pre-tax profit
2013 326,416.69 316,106.89 10,309.80
2012 285,691.13 295,219.96 -9,528.83
2011 251,387.82 250,675.67 712.15
2010 132,846.00 114,896.95 17,949.05

Positions

Theological orientation

The IZRS was founded as a Sunni-Islamic organization. The leadership team continues to count itself towards Sunni Islam and represents its normative positions , although the IZRS sees itself as a pan-Islamic organization. Shiites are explicitly allowed to join the IZRS if they feel that they are being addressed programmatically due to the structure and the organization of the association. On the one hand, the IZRS postulates a close cooperation with the Shiite religious communities and emphasizes the similarities between the two different currents, but also refers to the theological differences and pleads for a theological coexistence. In a panel discussion, Qaasim Illi described the Ahmadiyya community as not belonging to Islam . From the perspective of Orthodoxy, it has the status of a misguided sect, with Illi referring to the consensus of the Islamic world community, which the Ahmadiyya have already declared to be non-Muslims several times in the Middle East and the Middle East . In an article by the Catholic Media Center , the IZRS is classified as fundamentalist because it practices a “normative Sunni” Islam that largely ignores cultural influences.

Touching the opposite sex

The IZRS is of the opinion that, depending on age and relationship, men and women should not shake hands to greet them. According to Qaasim Illi, this is a "concept of gender segregation to prevent seduction". Janina Rashidi, who took a stand for the IZRS, justified the refusal of the handshake with the physical integrity . Specifically, it was about the so-called “handshake affair” in Therwil , in which two students refused to shake hands with a teacher for religious reasons. After the discussion that followed, the IZRS sent a page-long theological statement ( fatwa ), which described exactly in which situations contact would be permitted and in which not. Illi describes a forced handshake as an intrusion into the private sphere: "If the immoral rapprochement between a young man and a teacher were forced, it borders on physical coercion." The President of the FIDS , Montassar BenMrad, initially did not take a clear position. A few days later he published a statement in which he considered avoiding physical contact to be justified with respect and shame , but emphasized that this was inappropriate in Switzerland and that many Islamic scholars had clearly confirmed to him that an ordinary handshake between man and Woman is allowed theologically. The ICRS itself emphasizes that the opinions of Islamic legal scholars on the subject have always been made and have been known in this form since early Islamic times, and explicitly defends itself against the claim that this is a form of neo-Islam, or Wahhabism Salafism acts.

Female genital mutilation

On February 19, 2018, the IZRS published a fatwa entitled "Fatwa: What is the Islamic Judgment on Female Circumcision? The Difference Between FGM [Female Genital Mutilation] and Sunna Circumcision". The fatwa rejects all types of female genital mutilation listed by the WHO as not Islamic and harmful to health - with the exception of the removal of the clitoral hood (this is genital mutilation of type Ia according to the WHO classification). The intervention is provided for in the Sunna and is subsequently referred to in the fatwa as "Sunna Circumcision".

The fatwa summarizes the opinions of the scholars as follows:

"The vast majority of scholars agree that the Sunnah circumcision of women is Islamically legitimate and that it is supported by the normative sources. Rather, the question is how they classified the execution of female circumcision: The majority of scholars under the Hanafis and Malikites regard the circumcision of women as a Sunnah and a noble act. However, the circumcision of women is not to be classified as an obligation. The overwhelming majority of Shafi and Hanbali scholars, as well as Sahnun among the Malikites, consider circumcision as one for women as well obligatory Sunnah / Wâdjib. "

The bottom line is:

"In the present summary on the subject of female circumcision, it could be shown without a doubt that, in addition to the" pharanonical "( sic! ) Circumcision, which is not sanctioned by Islamic normativity, the relevant legal sources of Fiqhs (Ahādîth) clearly point to a much more moderate one Sunna practice (removal of the clitoral foreskin) Also the legal scholars have not argued about the validity of the practice, but only about the question of its classification as wâdjib or sunna (mustahabb) would not have categorized the woman at least as sunna. "

The fatwa contains the final note that female genital mutilation is prohibited in some countries and the legal assessment of "Sunnah circumcision" is unclear. It is therefore advisable to consult a specialist if such an intervention is considered.

activities

Popular initiative against the ban on minarets

The association describes the acceptance of the federal popular initiative "Against the building of minarets" as a wrong political decision, which is why another initiative is to be taken against the building ban on minarets. To this end, on December 17, 2011, the committee for the federal popular initiative “Yes to the removal of the ban on minarets” was launched. The president is Ishar Ramadani, Oscar AM Bergamin and Qaasim Illi as initiators and representatives of the IZRS belong to the initiative committee. The IZRS was looking for donors in Kuwait and Qatar for the initiative. The collection of signatures, which is budgeted at CHF 100,000, is to be covered by the IZRS, and the association also provides office space.

Mosque in Bern-Brünnen

The association wants to build a multi-storey mosque in the Brünnen district of Bern . According to information from the SonntagsZeitung , which had insight into the construction plans, a tea room, a conference room, training rooms, business premises, offices and an apartment will be housed in a four-story building. The mosque will have an area of ​​2400 m 2 . The center of the mosque is a prayer room for 444 people - 270 men and 174 women. Furthermore, a garden should allow prayers in the open air and an underground car park should offer space for 54 vehicles. The project is expected to cost 20 million francs. Plots have already been inspected, but negotiations have not yet taken place. (As of 2012) According to Nicolas Blancho, the area around the Westside shopping center has an attractive settlement structure and has very good transport connections, but other locations in Bern-West are also conceivable. For the IZRS, however, it is clear that the mosque will not be built in Bern and any other city. Nicolas Blancho finds it “tragic” that Bern is “one of the few capitals in Europe” that does not yet have a mosque. The project should be implemented within approx. 10 years, i.e. by approx. 2022. The IZRS is looking for donations for its project in Kuwait and Qatar , but no funds have been received yet. (As of 2012) According to Blancho, the association is dependent on donations from abroad for a major project like the mosque.

Services to members

The association wants to set up a travel agency for Hajj pilgrimages, Koran schools and an Islamic women's refuge to strengthen the religious foundation of women. The association wants to realize an internet television channel. The television program should include a political talk, a weekly magazine and series sermons and be produced in the association's own television studio. Programs are planned primarily in German, but also in Arabic, Bosnian and Albanian with German subtitles. In addition, the association is planning a “Swiss Muslim Card” (SMC) for which IZRS members will be offered discounts of 5 to 15 percent in selected fitness centers, indoor swimming pools, restaurants, hotels, shops and health insurance premiums.

Religious advice

The introduction of religious advice was one of the first announced goals of the IZRS and was accordingly well received in the media under the catchphrase “Fatwa Council”. The working group for individual religious legal opinions of the IZRS answers simple religious questions from individuals within 24 hours if possible, with reference to the corresponding legal opinions ( fatwas ) and after consultation with representatives of the Muslims Scholars Association (MSA). For particularly complex questions to which no answer could be found in the previous source texts, opinions are obtained from several scholars, whereupon the majority opinion is presented as the answer.

public relation

The association has been running the “Info about Islam” project since 2010, with free brochures being distributed at information stands in Berne, Basel, Zurich, Lucerne, St. Gallen, Winterthur, Neuchâtel, Lausanne and Geneva, among others. There are conversations with ordinary people who ask questions about politics, religion or even architecture, or debates with supporters of Christian free churches. Habib Oruç is responsible for public relations and da'wa . The IZRS only distributes Qur'ans at the information stands on request and considers "hand-outs" to be "not useful" according to spokesman Naim Cherni. The Koran is not a flyer. With the information stands, the association aims to reduce prejudice in the population.

Media response

The IZRS attracted media attention shortly after it was founded. The association first appeared in the Swiss media after the minaret vote on November 29, 2009, in connection with its rally on the Bundesplatz in Bern. The reports focus on President Nicolas Blancho, PR spokesman Qaasim Illi, his wife and woman responsible for women's affairs Nora Illi, IZRS event manager Gibril “Muhammad” Zwicker (formerly Benjamin “Benny” Zwicker ) and political advisor Oscar AM Bergamin . They are all Swiss converts. The latter, Swiss-Dutch dual citizen and former journalist, worked as a Swisscoy liaison officer for KFOR in the Balkans in 2003 , and in 2005 he was an international advisor to ISAF for NATO in Afghanistan. Until autumn 2011 he was a member of the board and responsible for public diplomacy.

criticism

Criticism from Muslims in Switzerland

The Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan , who lives in Geneva, said in July 2010 that all Muslim organizations that have been active in Switzerland for 20 or 30 years see Blancho and his Islamic Central Council as “a marginal phenomenon in the Muslim landscape”. Blancho represents only a minimal part of Islam in Switzerland. The Bern imam Mustafa Memeti also criticized Blancho and his Islamic Central Council, most recently when, after the brutal murder of two Islamists in Great Britain, they asked that Muslims in Switzerland should equip themselves with pepper spray. The IZRS is frowned upon by “moderate Muslims” in Switzerland. The Zurich Forum for a Progressive Islam even advocates a ban on the association that violence is part of its ideology. The major project of a mosque in Bern announced by the IZRS was rejected by the Coordination of Islamic Organizations Switzerland (KIOS) and the Federation of Islamic Umbrella Organizations in Switzerland (FIDS) as a “project of a Muslim splinter group”.

Controversial invitation from hate preachers

Invitations from hate preachers to IZRS events, such as the invitation from Pierre Vogel to appear in Switzerland, have repeatedly caused controversy . Previously rejected at the Swiss border, Vogel was able to travel to a symposium in 2010 and was under observation by the federal police. The views expressed by Muhamed Ciftci at a conference in Disentis regarding the beheading of unbelieving Muslims also gave cause for discussion . The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony confirmed in 2010 the association's links with the organization “ Invitation to Paradise ” (EZP) of the German Islamists, Vogel and Ciftci are under observation by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution.

Muhammad Salah is announced for the 2013 annual conference in Geneva. As the newspaper 20M Minuten shows, the Egyptian is said to have called online for the "killing of apostate Muslims". This was u. a. already occurred at a Koran distribution in Hong Kong.

Provocative emblem for the "Day against Islamophobia and Racism"

The IZRS got involved in the autumn of 2011 with the “Day against Islamophobia and Racism”, a demonstration on the Bundesplatz in Bern against Islamophobia . As a symbol of protest against discrimination against Muslims, the association used a rub al-hizb with color and lettering based on the Jewish star as an emblem . In a letter, Oscar AM Bergamin put the Holocaust into perspective by seeing "structural parallels to anti-Semitism of the 19th and 20th centuries" in the discrimination against Muslims, and wanted to provoke by saying that "a Jewish lobby" would see the yellow star as " defend jewish property. Jewish representatives emphasized that the request was legitimate, but that the "false comparison" was regrettable. The Federation of Islamic Umbrella Organizations in Switzerland (FIDS) distanced itself from the action.

Parallel society

In the show Club of SRF of 11 May 2015 issue burqa ban the ICCS was accused to seek a parallel society. Nora Illi, responsible for women's affairs in the association, replied: “We move in society, but don't need to assimilate ” and instead spoke of a “parallel community”. According to the green liberal politician Alain Pichard , Nicolas Blancho told him in an interview that he was of the opinion that society in a globalized world can only make ends meet with parallel societies. And he added that the Swiss pensioner colonies in southern Spain or Thailand were nothing more than absolute parallel societies. In a counter report to an article in the daily newspaper 20 Minuten from May 2010, however, Qaasim Illi states that neither the IZRS as an association nor its exponents have ever called for “parallel societies” in the past that the IZRS recognize today's social order and not want to change it . A parallel jurisdiction is rejected. In 2009, the Federal Council decided, under the leadership of the Federal Office for Migration (FOM), to intensify existing contact with the Muslim population by means of the “Muslim Dialogue 2010” and to analyze and solve existing problems, but at the same time refused to allow the IZRS to participate Dialogue because its views do not help to prevent the formation of parallel societies. Nicolas Blancho is against the practice of stoning in Switzerland because it contradicts the Swiss legal system. In a television discussion with Gerhard Pfister from the CVP , he stated that he viewed stoning as a value of his religion, which he also believes in, but without practicing it or wanting to practice it in Switzerland.

Criminal proceedings and investigations, restriction of activity

In December 2015, the Federal Prosecutor's Office opened criminal proceedings against Naim Cherni, the association's general secretary. It is being investigated for a violation of the federal law banning the groups " Al-Qaida " and " Islamic State " and related organizations. The German citizen who lives in Bern is accused of engaging in jihadist propaganda for the Syrian Al-Qaida offshoot, the Al-Nusra Front . In Winterthur of all places, where a jihadist cell is suspected, the IZRS published an interview with the jihadist leader Abdallah al-Muhaysini in a travel report about Syria. The IZRS then presented itself as a “political victim”, and there were calls from connoisseurs to ban the IZRS. In November 2016, the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's office extended the investigation into jihadist propaganda to Qaasim Illi and Nicolas Blancho. The trial before the federal criminal court led to acquittals for Nicolas Blancho and Qaasim Illi and to a conditional sentence of 20 months for the cultural producer Naim Cherni.

There are links between the Islamic Central Council on the one hand and persons and organizations on the other hand that are likely to be close to terrorists. The Association des savants musulmans in Bern has an identical address to the Central Council; the association has been under investigation by the Swiss federal prosecutor's office for terrorist financing since December 2016. The president of the association is the Kuwait Abdulmuhsen al-Mutairi. He has been on the terrorist list of the US Treasury Department since spring 2016 .

The Zurich Government Council will no longer tolerate any IZRS events. The canton will use all means at its disposal to prevent actions that pose a threat to public safety, the government announced in May 2017. Events announced by the association will in future be screened for extremist ideas, and foreign speakers may be refused entry.

complaint

Both the Federal Prosecutor's Office and the convicted person lodged a complaint with the Federal Supreme Court . This rejected the convicted person's complaint on February 26, 2020 and approved the complaint of the federal prosecutor's office. The Federal Court referred the case against the two acquitted to the Federal Criminal Court. The reason for the two acquittals was classified by the federal court as too formalistic.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ How dangerous is the Islamic Central Council? In: Aargauer Zeitung from May 15, 2010, accessed: January 23, 2012.
  2. ↑ Islamic Central Council Switzerland - overview. Moneyhouse , February 23, 2016, accessed April 19, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Contradictory from the Islamic Central Council. In: NZZ Online . November 17, 2016, accessed April 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Articles of Association. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, February 8, 2016, accessed on April 18, 2016 : “Art. 4: Any natural person of Islamic faith who is willing to actively promote the purpose of the association can be accepted as an active member by the General Assembly. "
  5. ↑ a b Again great interest in the annual conference of the Islamic Central Council in Geneva. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, December 21, 2013, accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  6. ↑ a b About us, Bern. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, November 16, 2010, archived from the original on January 6, 2012 ; Retrieved April 18, 2016 .
  7. ^ Islamic Central Council Switzerland: Persons. In: Moneyhouse , Rotkreuz. NZZ media group , February 23, 2016, accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  8. ↑ a b Board of Directors, Bern. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, June 6, 2014, accessed on April 18, 2016 .
  9. ↑ a b c The IZRS introduces itself. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, January 27, 2013, accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  10. ↑ a b Katia Murmann: Young, female, well educated. (No longer available online.) In: Schweiz am Sonntag . AZ Medien , Aarau, April 17, 2010, archived from the original on April 21, 2016 ; accessed on April 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schweizamsonntag.ch
  11. ↑ a b c d e Fundamentalist Islam wants to gain a better foothold. In: Catholic Media Center . Catholic International Press Agency , Bern, January 15, 2010, accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  12. ↑ a b  (April 1, 2016). Fear of Islam  (SWF). Swiss radio and television : Arena . May 2, 2016. 01:05:10 to 01:05:14.
  13. ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Demography and Migration Section : Resident Population by Religious Affiliation Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (XLS) In: Statistical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfs.admin.ch
  14. ↑ a b c IZRS annual budget 2010. (No longer available online.) Islamic Central Council Switzerland, February 2, 2012, archived from the original on April 28, 2016 ; Retrieved April 18, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.izrs.ch
  15. ↑ a b IZRS Financial Report 2011. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, March 16, 2013, accessed on April 18, 2016 .
  16. ↑ a b c d The IZRS publishes the financial reports 2012 & 2013. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, November 16, 2014, accessed on April 18, 2016 .
  17. ↑ a b c Radical Muslims are looking for donors in the Gulf region . ( Memento from February 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: SonntagsZeitung from January 15, 2012, accessed: January 21, 2012.
  18. ↑ a b vision. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, January 28, 2010, accessed April 19, 2016 .
  19. ↑ a b Sunnis and Shiites in Islam. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, March 4, 2010, accessed April 19, 2016 .
  20. ↑ Michael Nollert, Amir Sheikhzadegan: Muslims between assimilation, secularity and parallel society: Four viewpoints Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Newsletter study area Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work . March 16, 2015, p. 15. Retrieved April 19, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lettres.unifr.ch
  21. ^ Yohanan Friedmann: Prophecy Continuous. Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background . 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press , New Delhi 2003, pp. 44 .
  22. ↑ Werner Ende (ed.): Islam in the present . 5th edition. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-53447-3 , p. 345 f .
  23. ↑ NZZ, September 21, 2016
  24. ↑ Dispute in Switzerland: Are men and women allowed to shake hands? Süddeutsche Zeitung , April 5, 2016, accessed on April 20, 2016 .
  25. ↑ Handshake debate: The Islamic Central Council urgently advises prudence. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, April 4, 2016, accessed April 20, 2016 .
  26. ↑ Fatwa: What is the Islamic judgment on female circumcision? - IZRS . In: IZRS . February 19, 2018 ( izrs.ch [accessed February 24, 2018]).
  27. ↑ Fatwa: What is the Islamic judgment on female circumcision? - IZRS . In: IZRS . February 19, 2018 ( izrs.ch [accessed February 24, 2018]).
  28. ↑ Fatwa: What is the Islamic judgment on female circumcision? - IZRS . In: IZRS . February 19, 2018 ( izrs.ch [accessed February 24, 2018]).
  29. ↑ Fatwa: What is the Islamic judgment on female circumcision? - IZRS . In: IZRS . February 19, 2018 ( izrs.ch [accessed February 24, 2018]).
  30. ↑ a b Muslims are planning a popular initiative against the ban on minarets . In: Berner Zeitung of November 29, 2010, accessed: January 21, 2012.
  31. ↑ Domestic news . ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Schweizer Fernsehen, Tagesschau from November 29, 2010, accessed: January 22, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.srf.ch
  32. ↑ a b c Pro-Minaret initiative started in secret . Sunday newspaper of December 18, 2011.
  33. ↑ Popular initiative against the ban on minarets is delayed . ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: The Sunday of January 1, 2011, accessed: January 21, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sonntagonline.ch
  34. ^ Popular initiative for minarets . ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Tele M1 from December 18, 2011, access: January 23, 2012 ( HTML-embedded Flash ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / telem1.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / telem1.ch
  35. ^ Christoph Lenz: Mosque in Bern-Brünnen: Blancho weighs down. In: The Bund . Tamedia , Bern, January 16, 2012, accessed on May 12, 2016 .
  36. ↑ IZRS is looking for sponsors for a mosque in Bern. In: Swiss Radio and Television , Bern. January 15, 2012, archived from the original on June 21, 2013 ; accessed on May 12, 2016 .
  37. ↑ Muslim TV starts this summer - Islamic women's refuge, pressure on members, second wives for the IZRS leadership: radicals are increasingly isolating themselves . ( Memento from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: Sunday newspaper from January 22, 2012, accessed: January 22, 2012.
  38. ↑ «Blancho does not live what he preaches» . In: Tages-Anzeiger from January 22, 2012, accessed on January 22, 2012.
  39. ↑ Andrea Sommer: «I come from a left-green family». In: Tages-Anzeiger . Tamedia , Zurich, February 16, 2012, accessed April 23, 2016 .
  40. ^ NZZ media group , Zurich: Correct the Swiss people's image of Islam. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . Schweizerische Depeschenagentur (sda) , January 15, 2010, accessed on April 23, 2016 .
  41. ↑ Fatwa advice: Working group for individual religious legal opinions. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, March 14, 2012, accessed on April 21, 2016 .
  42. ↑ a b Islam information booths. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, May 7, 2010, accessed on April 23, 2016 .
  43. ↑ a b Counter-statement: BZ: Basel becomes a center of Kurdish protest. Islamic Central Council Switzerland, Bern, October 11, 2014, accessed on April 23, 2016 .
  44. ↑ Koran distribution also in Switzerland. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . NZZ-Mediengruppe, Zurich, April 22, 2012, accessed on April 23, 2016 .
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