Otto the Merry
Otto IV., The Merry ( cheerful , Latin iucundus ), also called the Bold (Latin Audax ), (born July 23, 1301 in Vienna , † February 17, 1339 in Neuberg ) was Duke of Austria , Styria and Carinthia .
Life
Otto came from the Habsburg family . He was the youngest son of Albrecht (V. von Habsburg, I. as German King) and his wife Elisabeth from the house of the Gorizia-Tyroleans Meinhardiner .
His brothers were Rudolf Kaše, King of Bohemia , the German counter-king Friedrich the Fair , the Dukes of Austria Leopold the Glorious and Albrecht the Wise, and Henry the Meek (non-ruling Duke of Austria).
As the youngest son, Otto was initially excluded from the rule. In 1325 he married Elisabeth von Niederbayern (1305-1330), daughter of Stephan I, Duke of Niederbayern , and Judith, Duchess of Schweidnitz. In 1329 he was then given the management of the Habsburg possessions on the Upper Rhine ( Upper Austria ) . From 1330 Otto ruled the Duchy of Austria with his brother Albrecht . In 1331 Otto was appointed imperial vicar by Ludwig the Bavarian . After the death of Heinrich of Carinthia , the last of the Gorizia-Tyroleans, Albrecht and Otto, Ludwig the Bavarian gave the duchies of Carinthia and Carniola as imperial fiefs in Linz on May 2, 1335 .
On July 2, 1335, Otto was the first Habsburg to be installed as Duke of Carinthia according to the old custom in the Slovene language on the Duke's chair on the Zollfeld and for most of his government cared more about Carinthia than about Habsburg Austria. He founded the Neuberg Monastery in Styria (as a pledge for the birth of his first son Friedrich) and the St. George's Chapel in the Augustinian Church in Vienna . In February 1335 he married his second wife in Znojmo Anne of Bohemia (1319 / 23-1338 / 40), daughter of the Luxembourger John of Bohemia , sister of Charles IV . In 1337 he founded the Societas Templois, a knight society for trips to Prussia . His nickname refers to his sociable court life.
Otto died in 1339 and was buried in the Cistercian monastery in Neuberg, which he founded . In 1344 his two sons, Leopold and Friedrich, died within a few months at the age of 17 and 16 - poisoning was suspected at the time. With that, his trunk died out.
The Neuberg crypt fell into disrepair and was forgotten until it was found again in 1820. They were restored and the bones of Otto, his two wives Elisabeth and Anna and his two sons were buried in the renovated crypt during a solemn funeral service on March 13, 1820.
progeny
Two sons emerged from her marriage to Elisabeth von Niederbayern :
- Friedrich II. (1327–1344), Duke of Austria
- Leopold II (1328–1344), Duke of Austria
Motto
- Around a winged griffin the motto: Unguibus et rostro ac alis armatus in hostem ("Armed with claws and beak and wings against the enemy.")
Otto in legend and legend
Philipp Frankfurter created a literary monument to Otto von Austria in his book Die geschicht und histori des pfaffen von Kalenberg , although it cannot be ruled out that his role was already given in his sources. As Duke Otto the Merry, who has his court in Vienna, Otto von Austria, together with his wife Elisabeth, is an important reference person for the legendary Pfaffen vom Kahlenberg .
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Otto the happy . No. 268. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1861, p. 111 ( digitized version ).
- Alfons Huber : Otto, Duke of Austria . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 708-711.
- Georg Scheibelreiter : Otto the Happy. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 690 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Entry on Otto the Happy in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Entry on Otto the Fröhliche in the database of the state's memory of the history of Lower Austria ( Museum Niederösterreich )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Elisabeth von Niederbayern , in: Brigitte Hamann (Ed.), Die Habsburger , 1988, p. 84.
- ↑ Wurzbach: Anna of Böhmen . No. 20. In: Biographical Lexicon. 6th part. Vienna 1860, p. 149 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Gundaker von Thernberg ("Pfaffe vom Kahlenberg") , on www.gedaechtnisdeslandes.at, accessed on October 10, 2018
- ↑ Wodarz-Eichner: Fool's Wisdom in Priestly Robes : On the Interpretation of the Late Medieval Schwankromans "Die geschicht und histori des pfaffen von Kalenberg" (= cultural historical research. Ed. Von Dietz-Rüdiger Moser. Volume 27). Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag 2007, ISBN 9783831606603 , especially pp. 85–93
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Friedrich I, the handsome |
Duke of Austria (together with Albrecht II ) 1330–1339 |
Albrecht II. |
Heinrich of Carinthia |
Duke of Carinthia (together with Albrecht II ) 1335–1339 |
Albrecht II. |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Otto the Merry |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Otto IV .; Otto the Bold |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 23, 1301 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
DATE OF DEATH | February 17, 1339 |
Place of death | Neuberg an der Mürz |