List of margraves and dukes of Austria in the Middle Ages

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Coat of arms of Austria, the Bindenschild

This list of the margraves and dukes of Austria in the Middle Ages includes all persons who have carried this title. Not all of them actually ruled as dukes and were rulers of Austria. With the Habsburgs in the Middle Ages it was customary to provide all male family members with ordinal numbers within the family and to count them as regents. Names such as Rudolf III. (who only ruled in Bohemia for a short time) or Friedrich III. (who did not rule at all) are therefore also included in this list.

Margraves in the Marcha orientalis

Since the Ostarrîchi region was first mentioned in 996, the Bavarian Marcha orientalis (from the Latin: "Eastern Mark") has developed, the name of which is slowly changing to Marcha Austria from Old High German: "east, in the east". It is also called Privilegium minus 1156 in the deed when it was converted into a duchy and became independent from Bavaria.

Surname gender title from to
Wilhelm II and his brother Engelschalk I. Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 871
Aribo I. , temporarily ousted by Engelschalk II. Aribones Margrave of the Marcha orientalis, Count in Traungau 871 after 909
Burkhard Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 955 976
Leopold I , also Liutpold I, the Serene One Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 976 994
Heinrich I , the stubborn Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 994 1018
Adalbert , the Victorious Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 1018 1055
Serious , the strict / controversial / brave Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 1055 1075
Leopold II , the handsome Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 1075 1095
Leopold III. , the saint Babenberger Margrave of the Marcha orientalis 1095 1136
Leopold IV , the generous Babenberger Margrave of Marcha orientalis, Duke of Bavaria (from 1139 ) 1136 1141
Heinrich II. , Jasomirgott Babenberger Margrave of Marcha orientalis (until 1156), Duke of Bavaria (1141–1156) 1141 1156

Dukes of Austria

On September 8, 1156, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa took the Austrian Mark out of the Duchy of Bavaria with the Privilegium minus at the Hoftag in Kreuzhof near Regensburg and transformed it into an independent Duchy.

Surname gender title from to
Heinrich II. , Jasomirgott Babenberger Duke of Austria (from 1156) 1156 1177
Leopold V. , the virtuous Babenberger Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria (from 1192 ) 1177 1194
Friedrich I , the Catholic Babenberger Duke of Austria 1194 1198
Leopold VI. , the glorious Babenberger Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria (from 1194 ) 1198 1230
Frederick II , the controversial Babenberger Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria 1230 1246

Austrian Interregnum

The time between the end of the Babenbergs and Ottokar Přemysl or the re-elation with the House of Habsburg is generally referred to as the Austrian Interregnum , also the time without rulers , as the sovereignty of the Bohemian King Ottokar in the empire was not recognized.

Surname gender more titles from Note to Note
Gertrud (in exercise) Babenberger (Duchess of Austria) June 15, 1246 *; according to privilege minus entitled to inherit;
1246 ∞ Vladislav of Bohemia;
Mid-1248 ∞ Hermann von Baden;
Summer 1252 ∞ A novel by Halicz 		1251 April 3, 1254 change of ownership in the Peace of Ofen , no waiver of inheritance claim,
1267 property confiscated from Ottokar,
banished in 1269;
† 1288 as abbess
Vladislav (regent) Premyslids 1246 ∞ Gertrud;
Lending does not take place until death 		3rd January 1247 †
( Otto , governor) ( Eberstein ) Count January 1247 1248
( Otto , governor) ( Wittelsbacher ) Duke of Bavaria 1248 December 1248
Hermann (pretender) Zähringer Margrave of Verona and Baden Mid 1248 ∞ Gertrud: No homage to the stands October 4, 1249 †
Friedrich (pretender) Zähringer Margrave of Verona and Baden October 4, 1249 ∗; born 1249, no waiver of inheritance claims, moves to Bavaria and Italy October 29, 1268 † in Naples
( Meinhard , governor) ( Meinhardiner ) Count of Gorizia and Istria December 1248 1250
Ottokar Premyslids King of Bohemia (from 1253), Duke of Styria (from 1261), Duke of Carinthia and Carniola (from 1269) 1251 installed as governor by Wenceslaus of Bohemia ,
later elected duke by the estates;
February 11, 1252 ∞ Margarete von Babenberg (according to privilege minus the right to inherit);
April 3, 1254 Peace of Ofen : Gertuds waiver of her inheritance claim 		November 21, 1276 Task and homage in the first campaign of King Rudolf I of Habsburg ;
June 1275 imperial ban due to non-surrender of the fiefs (thus vacant Hzgtm on the part of the empire);
† August 26, 1278 Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen
( Heinrich , governor) ( Wittelsbacher ) Duke (I.) of Lower Bavaria November 21, 1276 Lease (promise of dowry from Rudolf's daughter) June 1278 Dismissed for overflowing to the enemy, vacant office
( Albrecht , imperial administrator) ( Habsburg ) May 1281 used by Rudolf in Vienna December 17, 1282 Enfeoff as Duke in the Reichstag of Augsburg

Habsburg dukes after King Rudolf

After the death of Ottokar II, Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola fell back to the Reich. The Roman-German King Rudolf I von Habsburg then enfeoffed his son Albrecht with Austria and Styria in 1282.

Surname gender title from to
Albrecht I. Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria 1282 1308
Rudolf II. Habsburgs Duke of Austria, then regent of the foreland 1282 1283
Rudolf III. Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria 1298 1306
Friedrich III. , the beautiful one Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria 1308 1330
Leopold I , the Glorious Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria 1308 1326
Albert II , the Wise or the Lame Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia 1330 1358
Otto the Merry Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia 1330 1339
Rudolf IV , the founder Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Count of Tyrol (from 1363 ) 1358 1365

First division of the Habsburgs after Rudolf the founder

Albrecht II had decreed that his sons should rule together, but this could not be achieved. After the death of Rudolf IV, there was a first official division of rule in the Treaty of Neuberg an der Mürz in 1379 and then further divisions, for example in 1395 in the Treaty of Hollenburg or 1396 in the Treaty of Vienna , turmoil and inheritance disputes. It was only under Friedrich V (as Friedrich III. Roman-German Emperor) and his son Maximilian I that the Habsburg countries were reunited in one hand between 1463 and 1490.

Albertine line
Surname gender title from to
Albrecht III. Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1365 1395
Albrecht IV. Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1395 1404
Albrecht V. Habsburgs Duke of Austria (from 1411),
Roman-German King Albrecht II (from 1438 ),
King of Hungary (from 1438),
King of Bohemia (from 1438) 		1404 1439
Ladislaus Postumus Habsburgs Duke of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia 1440 1457
Leopoldine line
Surname gender title from to
Leopold III. Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia 1365 1386
Wilhelm , the ambitious Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1386 1406
Leopold IV. Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Count of Tyrol ( 1396 - 1406 ) 1386 1411
Ernst the Iron Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1406 1424
Friedrich IV. , Friedl with the empty pocket Habsburgs Count of Tyrol 1406 1439
Friedrich V. Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1439 1493
Siegmund , the rich in coins Habsburgs Duke of Austria, Count of Tyrol 1439 1490
Albrecht VI. , the bountiful Habsburgs Duke of Austria 1446 1463

See also

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Johann Loserth:  Rudolf I . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 488.