Gertrud von Babenberg

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Duchess Gertrud, Margravine of Moravia and Baden (from the Babenberger family tree , Klosterneuburg Abbey)

Gertrud von Babenberg , also Gertrud of Austria (* 1226 ; † April 24, 1288 ), (according to other sources: * approx. 1228 ; † April 24, 1299 ), Duchess of Mödling , titular duchess of Austria and Styria , was the niece Duke Frederick II. the Belligerent of Austria, the last ruler of the house of Babenberg in Austria. Because of the Privilegium minus, she was entitled to inheritance, like her aunt Margarete, after the death of childless Friedrich.

origin

Gertrud von Österreich came from the house of the margraves (since 963) and dukes (since 1156) of Austria. A connection with the Bavarian Liutpoldingern is likely due to various theories and evidence. The family is known under the name “ Babenberger ”, a designation that - like the “ Konradiner ” or “ Ottonen ” - was never used as a family name until long after the family died out. Gertrud was the only child of Duke Heinrich of Austria, called the Cruel, and his wife, Agnes Landgravine of Thuringia (* 1205; † v. 1247). This was a daughter of Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia (1190-1219), and thus a sister of Landgrave Ludwig IV. The Saint .

Life

The 19-year-old Gertrude was as nostra futura consors the dispute between her uncle Duke Frederick the Belligerent and the 51-year-old, thrice widowed Emperor Frederick II. Clean by a marriage agreement, while the government claims the Czech King Wenceslas I negate in Austria, which he operated on the basis of an older agreement with the Babenberger Friedrich about the engagement of Gertrud to his first-born son Vladislav of Moravia . Whether the young lady did not want to marry the emperor, who was threatened with deposition , or whether she interfered with his excommunication or whether she loved her long-time fiancé Vladislav so much, the Fama is silent - in any case, surprisingly, she did not appear in June 1245 to sign the contract at the court day in Verona .

Wenzel wanted to force the marriage with Vladislav, which is why he even sent an army to Austria in 1246, which, however, suffered a heavy defeat at Staatz .

After the death of Duke Frederick in the Battle of the Leitha (1246) , with which the Babenberg family died out, every obstacle was removed, and the quick marriage between Vladislav and Gertrud made the attempts of the - with many sacrifices and setbacks - possible Taking possession of Austria by Wenzel finally crowned with success. “Per hoc Wladislaus habebat Austriae ducatum” cheered Bohemia and, based on the rich inheritance of his wife and the Bohemian inheritance potential, Vladislav was quickly recognized by the Austrian nobility. Gertrud had now become the ruling Duchess of Austria, which she remained nominally until 1269. After her husband's short illness, however, she soon became a widow for the first time on January 3, 1247.

The now 22-year-old Ducissa Austrie married the Margrave Hermann VI in mid-1248 . von Baden , to whom she gave birth to the male heir Friedrich in Alland in 1249 . Out of joy at the happy birth, she gave the 30 Allander farmers extensive grounds, which are still the basis of the agricultural community of Allander Urhausowners . Hermann was unable to assert himself against the nobility in Austria, which is why she and her two children Friedrich and Agnes moved to Meißen in Saxony to live with their relatives. There she learned of the alleged poisonous death of her second husband on October 4, 1250.

She lost the favor of the Curia and with it the chance to enforce her claim to power by refusing to comply with the wish of Pope Innocent IV to marry the brother of the anti-king William , Florens of Holland .

The Ducissa Austrie et Stirie Gertrud, who now resides in Kahlenberg near Vienna , lost the succession dispute and the support of Bohemia through the marriage of her aunt Margarete to Přemysl Ottokar II , the second-born son of Wenceslas, and allied herself with the King of Hungary Bela IV , and married his relatives Roman von Halicz for the third time in the summer of 1252 . Since the - now common - claim to rule proved unenforceable, Roman left her and their daughter a year later to return to Hungary.

In the Peace of Oven in 1254, Duchess Gertrud received an allowance of 400 silver marks annually as consolation for renouncing Austria and parts of Styria, and she lived in seclusion in Voitsberg and Judenburg . But since neither she nor her son Friedrich were willing to give up their legal claim to the two duchies of Styria and Austria , King Ottokar II left - who now wanted to marry into the Hungarian royal family because he could not expect an heir with Margarete, who was 20 years older than him - from 1262 against her, withdrew her possession in 1267 and in 1269, a year after the death of her son Friedrich, who was executed together with Konradin von Hohenstaufen in Naples, she was banished and also lost the office assigned to her in Windisch-Feistritz . She died in 1288 (or 1299) as the abbess of the Poor Clare Monastery of St. Afra in Seusslitz near Meißen.

progeny

Sprouted from Gertrud's marriage to Hermann von Baden:

From Gertrud's marriage to Roman von Halicz arose:

  • Maria (* 1253), ∞ Joachim von Guthkeled, son of Banus Stephan von Slavonia, the former Hungarian governor in Styria

literature

Web links

Commons : Gertrud von Babenberg  - collection of pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Detlev Schwennike European Family Tables Volume I. Plate 39; Marburg 1980
  2. ↑ Detlev Schwennike European Family Tables Volume I. Plate 40; Marburg 1980
personal data
SURNAME Gertrud von Babenberg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Niece of Duke Frederick II of Austria "the arguable", mother of Frederick I of Baden
DATE OF BIRTH 1226
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Mödling
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1288
Place of death Seusslitz near Meissen