Ulrich II. (Heunburg)

Count Ulrich II. (III.) (* In the 13th century ; † 1308 ) from the dynasty of the Counts of Heunburg was one of the leading Carinthian aristocrats of the second half of the 13th century.

Live and act

Spanheimer time

His youth fell in the time after the Babenbergs died out and the power struggle between Ottokar of Bohemia and Bela of Hungary over Styria , during which the Heunburgs also had possessions. From 1252 we find him - mostly together with his brother Heinrich († 1256) until 1256 - as a witness in the Spanish ducal documents.

At the Battle of Kressenbrunn in 1260, to which Duke Ulrich von Carinthia, as a relative of Ottokar, personally brought an auxiliary army, Ulrich von Heunburg certainly took part at the side of his Duke. As a result of this victorious battle, Ottokar won Styria and immediately sought to take over Carinthia as well.

In 1263 Ulrich was the wedding guest at Duke Ulrich's marriage after the death of his first wife, Agnes von Meranien , with his second wife, Agnes von Baden-Austria ; this was to be married by himself a few years later.

In 1268 Ulrich was the only Carinthian witness to the execution of the secret inheritance contract at Podiebrad in Bohemia between Duke Ulrich and King Ottokar. In it, Duke Ulrich bequeathed all his lands, allodes and fiefs to his cousin Ottokar , disinheriting his brother Philipp .

King Ottokar of Bohemia

After Duke Ulrich's death in 1269, Count Ulrich was King Ottokar's first party member when he took possession of Carniola and Carinthia.

From 1269 to 1275 there were apparently four provincial governors in Carinthia:

1. Count Ulrich von Heunburg (1269–1270),
2. Ulrich von Dürnholz (1271–1273),
3. Ulrich von Taufers (October 30, 1273–1274),
4. Count Heinrich von Pfannberg (1275).

In the winter of 1270/71, Count Ulrich was married to Duke Ulrich's widow, Agnes of Baden-Austria, by King Ottokar; she had to forego her Babenberg allodes and even the Spanish widows' estate in favor of Ottokar ; Count Ulrich also had to cede his Lower Austrian county of Pernegg as well as the city of Drosendorf and other goods to Ottokar. For better or worse, Count Ulrich bit into the sweet and sour apple, but was subsequently cured of his earlier disgust for the Bohemian king.

In 1272 his friend Seifried von Mahrenberg , who founded a nunnery in Mahrenberg ( Radlje ob Dravi ) in 1251 and who also served Ulrich's mother-in-law Gertrud devotedly, was tortured and killed by Ottokar for trivial reasons.

In 1274 Ulrich was forced to take part in the Bohemian act of revenge under the Bohemian-Styrian governor Milota von Dieditz against the Archbishop of Salzburg, Friedrich II , who had already submitted to the new Roman-German King Rudolf von Habsburg , and to watch the destruction of Friesach in Salzburg .

In 1276 King Ottokar's star began to decline. In connection with the Styrian noblemen Heinrich von Pfannberg , Friedrich von Pettau , Wülfing von Stubenberg , Herrand von Wildon and other nobles from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, who were so badly mistreated , Count Ulrich organized a meeting of the nobility of these countries in the Cistercian monastery of Rein on the 19th September 1276. There they gathered under his chairmanship and swore to serve the king Rudolf elected in 1273 with body and property until death and to stand by one another in danger and need; whoever becomes a traitor has no rights and is cursed and his imperial fiefs are forfeited ( pure oath ). Soon the Bohemians were actually chased away.

While Meinhard von Görz-Tirol now administered Carinthia and Krain as pledge, Count Ulrich also took part in the reorganization of the political situation, but in 1277 he is usually listed in the witness lists without the title of count.

From 1276 to 1278 Ulrich stayed temporarily in Voitsberg , which had been assigned to him and his wife by Ottokar as personal belongings after his mother-in-law Gertrud had already resided there, but had been expelled from there in 1269.

Since King Ottokar regretted his submission in 1276 and prepared for a new war, King Rudolf in 1278 also had to summon up the nobles of his countries; Count Ulrich was among them. Ulrich took part in the battle on Marchfeld in 1278 with 200 fighters on King Rudolf's side, a large number compared to other princes and nobles. Ottokar lost his life in the battle.

Early Habsburg period

Ulrich was allegedly appointed governor of Krain as a result.

In 1279, King Rudolf in Judenburg signed a contract with Count Ulrich and Countess Agnes in which he promised to pay them 6,000 silver marks for the lost property in Pernegg and Drosendorf and to give them the goods Voitsberg, Tobel, Rohrbach, Muttendorf, Premstätten, Bierbaum, Tüffer, Sachsenwart, Sachsenfeld, Freudeneck and Klausenstein pledged. In 1287 Duke Albrecht paid this sum and redeemed the pledges with it.

In 1282 Count Ulrich von Ortolf von Kreig acquired the Eckenstein and Sawickthal castles. Presumably the castles Erkenstein and Savenstein on the Save are meant (Tangl). In 1283 Count Ulrich promised Count Albert von Görz and his wife, Countess Euphemia von Ortenburg , to give their son Albert one of his daughters of their choice with a trousseau of 1500 Marks silver weighing Vienna. Count Friedrich von Ortenburg , Ulrich von Schärfenberg , Otto von Emmerberg and Otto von Weißeneck signed as guarantors .

In 1284, Count and Countess von Heunburg made an important donation to the Premonstratensian Monastery of Griffen . According to the certificate, they are called second donors; also it emerges from the document that the Countess Agnes is a cousin? ( matertera ) of the Bamberg Bishop Berthold von Leiningen . On February 1, 1286 belehnte King Rudolf Meinhard of Gorizia-Tyrol with the Duchy of Carinthia and pledged he borrowed 20,000 silver marks for him and the kingdom of Krain and Windic March . Count Ulrich now had two sovereigns.

In the spring of 1286 Leopold von Sanneck , the husband of Count Ulrich's daughter Margarete, died; this had caused great damage to the Oberburg monastery . Now the widow replaced this damage under the testimony of her father, who was subsequently elected hereditary bailiff of the monastery and confirmed by Duke Albrecht. Friedrich von Pettau, who held the bailiwick at the time, had to do without them.

In 1288 the Smielenburg (today Schmirnberg) is mentioned for the first time as owned by Count Ulrich. His lord of the castle Marchlin (Marquard) is often mentioned. In 1289 and 1290, Duke Albrecht waged wars against Archbishop Rudolf von Salzburg and against Count Iwan von Güssing , in which Ulrich participated as Albrecht's vassal ( Güssing feud ). In 1291 Ulrich had to take part in the war against Hungary that King Andreas of Hungary waged against Duke Albrecht.

Revolt against the Habsburgs and Meinhardins

In the autumn of 1291 Duke Albrecht came to Graz to ask for financial aid. In return, the Styrians demanded confirmation of the right to female succession according to Georgenberger Handfeste and the waiver of coin renewal for the next five years. Albrecht, badly advised by Abbot Heinrich von Admont , the Styrian provincial administrator, refused both and they parted in resentment. This situation led to the Landsberger Bund's aristocratic conspiracy , in which Ulrich was to play a leading role.

The Styrians - leaders were Count Ulrich IV. Von Pfannberg, Friedrich von Stubenberg and Hartnid von Wildon - believed that the time was right for an uprising. They wanted to win Duke Otto von Baiern as the new sovereign. Friedrich von Stubenberg also succeeded in winning Ulrich von Heunburg for the uprising by promising him that one of his sons would become Margrave of Styria after Albrecht was defeated (that was probably the Styrian margrave for saunas ).

Duke Albrecht's commander, Hermann von Landenberg , succeeded in holding the Bavarian and Salzburg troops allied with the rebels in front of Bruck in February 1292 until Duke Albrecht and his army could rush over the snow-covered Semmering Pass and decide the matter for himself. The Bavarians had gone back to their homeland, Duke Albrecht was still devastating Friesach in Salzburg and then invited the Styrian nobility to St. Veit , where he confirmed all their rights to the Styrians without being asked; then he removed Abbot Heinrich from the administration of the country and installed Hartnid von Stadeck as governor of Styria. Friedrich von Stubenberg was pardoned in return for his goods Kapfenberg and Katsch (he was allowed to keep Gutenberg ).

The Styrians were satisfied with it, but not Ulrich von Heunburg. He allied himself with Archbishop Konrad von Salzburg , bribed the Burgrave Friedrich von Weißenegg to occupy the Bamberg fortress of Griffen and set up his headquarters there. Then he wanted to take Ludwig, the son of the Carinthian Duke Meinhard , hostage together with the Salzburg Vizedom von Friesach , Rudolf von Fohnsdorf . The company succeeded (July 1292), but the Salzburg man secured the valuable hostage and brought it to the Taggenbrunn Festival in Salzburg and later to Hohenwerfen .

Duke Meinhard sent his son Otto with his marshal Konrad von Auffenstein to hold a criminal court under Count Ulrich's Carinthian allies. Ulrich von Heunburg, feeling abandoned by his friends, turned to the Patriarch of Aquileia , Raimondo della Torre , for help in vain . There was nothing left for him but to entrench himself on handles and hold out. After no answer came to a call for help in Krain at the beginning of 1293, he tried to reconcile himself with Duke Albrecht through intermediaries, but without success.

In March 1293 his friend from Carniola, Wilhelm von Schärfenberg, appeared in front of Griffen to support Ulrich. Duke Otto, reinforced by his brother Heinrich von Kärnten , sent Konrad von Auffenstein with his cavalry against the rebels. They met on March 14, 1293 on Wallersberg between Griffen and Völkermarkt . Ulrich's allies Wilhelm von Schärfenberg and Eberhard von St. Peter were slain, Friedrich von Weißeneck seriously wounded and captured. He and several of his comrades escaped death or imprisonment only by fleeing quickly to the castle in Griffen.

When Duke Albrecht heard of the Wallersberg meeting, he sent his field captain Hermann von Landenberg to Carinthia to devastate the county of Heunburg. The properties in the Sanntal were not spared either.

Count Ulrich now feared for his life and that of his wife and his subjects. In this emergency he turned to his relative, Count Friedrich von Ortenburg , who in turn was related to Duke Meinhard and Duke Albrecht or by marriage. This was able to mediate a treaty of atonement (peace treaty) between the imperial princes, the archbishop of Salzburg and the dukes of Bavaria, Austria and Carinthia, after which Duke Ludwig was released. Count Ulrich was not officially included in the contract, but had to appear in Vienna at the end of May 1293 before Duke Albrecht, who announced his further fate to him: Ulrich had to cede all of his castles to him as pledge, pledge his allegiance to the duke again and immediately go to house arrest with his wife in Wiener Neustadt . He received 1,000 Viennese pfennigs a year as maintenance.

Countess Agnes survived her exile only briefly, she died in 1295 at the age of 44. Count Ulrich was now a broken man. After two years of imprisonment, he was allowed to return to Carinthia. We find later in his possession or that of his children: Bleiburg , Gutenstein , Rechberg , Kappel , Heunburg , Niedertrixen , Mannsberg and Drauburg in Carinthia, Cilli , Prassberg , Schönstein , Forchteneck (nö. Šoštanj ), Thurn , Smielenburg in Untersteier, Offenburg and the Gülten in Upper Styria and Zauch (w. von Krainburg ) and Lesach in Krain. In contrast, Siebeneck (near Ratschach / Radeče in Lower Carniola) remained in the Habsburg possession.

Age

In 1299 Count Ulrich von Heunburg mediated between Duke Rudolf , King Albrecht's eldest son (since 1298), and Heinrich von Wildhaus about Mautenberg Castle . In 1304 Count Ulrich took part in the campaign alongside Duke Rudolf against King Wenceslaus of Bohemia .

In 1306, Count Ulrich von Heunburg and his son-in-law Ulrich, the Free von Sanneck , and many nobles from Carinthia accompanied Duke Heinrich of Carinthia to his wedding to Prague . Count Ulrich's death year is assumed to be 1308; he is buried in Oberburg (or in the collegiate church of Griffental ).

progeny

Ulrich was married to Agnes († 1295), daughter of Margrave Hermann von Baden and Gertrud von Babenberg ; the following children arose from the marriage:

• Friedrich († 1316/17), Vogt von Oberburg , ∞ Adelheid († 1312–1317),? Daughter of Konrad von Auffenstein
• Hermann († 1322, the family died out), ∞ Elisabeth, daughter of Albert III. from Gorizia
• Margarete († December 8, from 1308), ∞ I. Leopold von Sanneck , ∞ II. Ulrich IV. Von Pfannberg († 1311/18)
• Elisabeth, ∞ I. Hermann von Pfannberg, ∞ II. Heinrich von Hohenlohe
• Katharina, ∞ Ulrich von Sanneck († 1318)

literature

• Karlmann Tangl : The Counts of Heunburg. II. Department. From 1249-1322. In: Archive for customers of Austrian historical sources. Edited by the commission of the Imperial Academy of Sciences set up to maintain patriotic history. Volume 25. Verlag der k.-k. Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1860.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Tangl: Count Heunburg. P. 219 in Google Book search.