Bleiburg

This article describes the place Bleiburg, for the nuclear medicine laboratory equipment see Bleiburg (radiation protection) .

Borough Bleiburg Pliberk
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Carinthia
Political District :	Völkermarkt
License plate :	VK
Surface:	69.75 km²
Coordinates :	46 ° 35 '  N , 14 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 35 '24 "  N , 14 ° 47' 56"  E
Height :	479  m above sea level A.
Residents :	4,058 (January 1, 2020)
Population density :	58 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	9150
Area code :	0 42 35
Community code :	2 08 01
Address of the municipal administration:	October 10th place 1 9150 Bleiburg
Website:	www.bleiburg.gv.at
politics
Mayor :	Stefan Johann Visotschnig ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : ( 2015 ) (23 members)	10 9 4th 10 9 4th  A total of 23 seats ÖVP : 10 SPÖ : 9 EL : 4
Location of Bleiburg Pliberk in the Völkermarkt district
Main square of Bleiburg in 2006
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Bleiburg ( Slovenian Pliberk ) is a bilingual municipality with 4058 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) and the seat of the district court in the Völkermarkt district . The municipality is located in the Jauntal , at the foot of the Petzen . It owes its name to the earlier mining industry. The Bleiburg massacre took place near Bleiburg in 1945, making the place and the nearby Loibacher Feld an important Croatian place of remembrance .

geography

Geographical location

The municipality is located on the Jaunfeld south of the Drau (in the south-east of Carinthia) and borders Slovenia . The main town Bleiburg is about 4 km from the Austrian- Slovenian border.

Community structure

Bleiburg is divided into 12 cadastral communities :

Aich, Bleiburg, Grablach, Kömel, Moos, Oberloibach, Rinkenberg, St. Margarethen, Schattenberg, Unterloibach, Weißenstein and Woroujach.

The municipality comprises 23 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

• Aich ( Dob ) (141)
• Bleiburg ( Pliberk ) (1346)
• Dobrowa ( Dobrova ) (20)
• Draurain ( Brege ) (12)
• Ebersdorf ( Drveša vas ) (556)
• Einersdorf ( Nonča vas ) (279)
• Grablach ( Grablje ) (29)
• Kommel ( Komelj ) (61)
• Kömmelgupf ( Komeljski vrh ) (20)
• Loibach ( Libuče ) (400)
• Lokowitzen ( Lokovica ) (5)
• Moss ( Blato ) (161)
• Replach ( Replje ) (65)
• Rinkenberg ( Vogrče ) (274)
• Rinkolach ( Rinkole ) (93)
• Ruttach ( rod ) (40)
• St. Georgen ( Šentjur ) (40)
• St. Margarethen ( Šmarjeta ) (79)
• Schattenberg ( Senčni Kraj ) (19)
• Schilterndorf ( Čirkovče ) (147) including the saint grave
• Weissenstein ( Belšak ) (23)
• Wiederndorf ( Vidra vas ) (178)
• Voroujach ( Borovje ) (70)

Neighboring communities

	Ruden	Neuhaus
Eberndorf		Prevalje , Ravne na Koroškem
Feistritz ob Bleiburg	Mežica

history

Middle Ages and early modern times

Since the settlement of the area by the Carantanians - Slavs in the 6th century and the establishment of Carantanian . Statehood in the 7th century, the area around Bleiburg closely with the Slovenian connected cultural history. The Slovene dialect spoken in the area is a variant of the Jauntal dialect (Slov. Podjunščina ).

Bleiburg Castle

The first documentary mention was made before the year 1000: Bishop Albuin von Brixen (the son of Hildegard von Stein , who was venerated as a popular saint by Carinthians in both languages ) gave his brother, Count Aribo, the Liupicdorf estate , later Bleiburg. Bleiburg was first mentioned in 1228 as castrum et forum pliburch .

In the 13th century the area came into the possession of the Counts of Heunburg , then the Pfannberger and from 1338 the Auffensteiner . Their uprising and conspiracy against the Habsburgs led to the siege and devastation of the market in 1368, which then fell into sovereign possession. Rebuilt, it was granted city rights in 1370 and market rights in 1393. This still forms the legal basis for the Bleiburg Wiesenmarkt , which takes place annually. In 1473, 1476 and 1478 the city was badly destroyed by the Turks, and the city fortifications were renewed in the following year.

In 1739 a great fire ravaged the city.

In 1864 Bleiburg was connected to the Franzensfeste – Klagenfurt – Marburg line .

In 1880 the municipality of Bleiburg had 1,121 inhabitants. Of these, 934 were German (83%) and 171 Slovenian (15%).

The organized cultural life of the Slovenes dates back to 1888. At that time the Kyrill und Method- Verein was founded for Bleiburg with its seat in St. Michael ob Bleiburg / Šmihel pri Pliberku , which was active until 1910.

The Slovene cultural association "Edinost" (unit), which was founded on May 20, 1909 and was initially called "Katoliško slovensko izobraževalno društvo v Pliberku" (Catholic Slovene Educational Association in Bleiburg), became of great importance. The main goals of the association were to consolidate the Slovenian identity as well as to spread education and culture in the broad sections of the population. Numerous educational courses, a library and much more were offered. An amateur play group was successful, and a women's section was set up. The famous Slovenian people's poet Milka Hartman taught household courses. The seat of the association was the so-called Narodni dom (people's home) on Bleiburg main square. The Slovenian Posojilnica (savings and loan fund) was also based there.

The interwar period also meant increasing institutional and systematic discrimination against the Slovenes , which became all-encompassing with the Anschluss, but especially after the attack on Yugoslavia . All Slovenian associations and the language itself were banned and their use made a criminal offense. In the course of the German Wehrmacht's Balkan campaign in 1941, 60,000 Slovenes were deported from occupied Slovene / Yugoslav Lower Styria . In April 1942, Slovenes from Carinthia, among others, were deported from the Bleiburg area. This subsequently led to organized armed resistance in southern Carinthia and the Karawanken , which ultimately contributed to the military liberation from the Nazi reign of terror and to the rebuilding of Austria.

Second republic

→ Main article : Bleiburg massacre

After the end of the Second World War , the Bleiburg massacre took place around the municipality . In mid-May 1945, thousands of people in the border town of Bleiburg Croatian Domobranen , Ustasha -Soldaten and Slovenian Domobrancen by the British to the titokommunistische Yugoslavia delivered. Likewise, according to a book by Florian Rulitz, a number of Austrian citizens of German Carinthia and German-minded Slovenian-speaking people from Bleiburg and Southern Carinthia were killed.

Although international research has been carried out on the events in Bleiburg since 1945, there are still no official numbers of victims. Secure data based on actual exhumations are also not yet available. The figures quoted in the research mainly relate to sources from the Carinthia Security Directorate, the criminal investigation of the Slovenian police and scientific research results of the Slovenian government commission on mass graves. The victims of Liescha were either brought there dead (from Miessal, Bleiburg) or shot; but some also slain. At first they were only covered with sticks. After a few months, when the smell of the corpses became too extreme, they were buried makeshiftly in a former 21-meter-long, 3-meter-wide and 2.5-meter-deep coal mine. The book by the historian Florian Rulitz, which is widely received in Austria , is controversial among historians with regard to the sources and the scientific content, but despite criticism of, among other things, Rulitz's derogatory comments against more recent studies examining the current nationalist orientation of commemoration, Peter Stachel as "Meticulously researched" classified. Rulitz was formerly a member of the right-wing extremist ring Freedom Youth Austria .

As part of the memorial events for the “victims of Bleiburg” organized by the Austro-Croatian Bleiburger Ehrenzug and the Croatian Catholic Church, up to 30,000 visitors come to Bleiburg every year in mid-May, mainly from Croatia , Bosnia-Herzegovina and all over Europe; including Croatian nationalists and right-wing extremists, politicians, clerics and TV stars, former Ustaša fighters and SS soldiers as well as neo-Nazis from Germany and Austria, to commemorate the soldiers of the fascist Ustaša , the Waffen-SS and the fallen soldiers of the Wehrmacht . According to the documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance (DÖW), it is the “largest neo-Nazi meeting in Europe”, but by no means only attended by neo-Nazis and right-wing extremists.

Kulturni dom Pliberk / Bleiburg and the Edinost cultural association

Kulturni Dom Pliberk / Bleiburg

After 1945 the Slovenian cultural association was re-established. Initially, Foltej Hartmann , who had returned from the Dachau concentration camp , gathered boys around him and enlivened the Slovenian folk song and choral singing. As a result, the activity was expanded significantly. The Edinost cultural association is still one of the most important cultural institutions in Bleiburg / Pliberk.

Today the central Slovenian cultural institution of the city and the entire region is the “Kulturni dom Pliberk / Bleiburg”. The decision to build a new building was made in 1993; the foundation stone for this was laid in 1996. The European Union , the Republic of Austria and the Republic of Slovenia , the Province of Carinthia, the municipality and the autonomous province of South Tyrol provided financial support for the establishment . The local economy and the population stood by their side.

Since the first event in February 1999, the "Dom", as the house of culture is called, has been the central meeting point for the local, regional and national art and culture scene. The multi-purpose building, in operation since April 2004, has a sports hall, a well-stocked library and a restaurant, the DOM, in addition to the culture hall.

population

Population development

Language and religion

Bleiburg parish church

According to the 2001 census, the town of Bleiburg has 4,083 inhabitants, of which 95.0% are Austrian and 2.5% Bosnian citizens. 30.4% of the population give Slovene (sometimes in combination with German) as a colloquial language.

92.2% of the community population profess to the Roman Catholic Church , 1.7% to the Orthodox Church , 1.6% to the Evangelical Church and 1.1% to Islam . Without a religious belief, 2.0%. The parishes of the Bleiburg / Pliberk deanery are all bilingual.

Culture and sights

Freyungsbrunnen by Kiki Kogelnik on the main square of Bleiburg

Werner Berg Gallery on the main square of Bleiburg

See also:  List of listed objects in Bleiburg

• The main square with the plague column from 1724 is surrounded by houses from the 16th to 18th centuries; the simple facades mostly date from the 19th century.
• Bleiburg Castle is a Renaissance building owned by the Counts of Thurn-Valsassina . Originally erected in the early 12th century on a hill above the city, most of the current structure dates from the early 17th century
• The parish church of Sts. Peter and Paul is a late Gothic building from the 14th century
• Slovenian Cultural Center - Kulturni dom
• The pilgrimage church Heiligengrab , a baroque building from 1761, stands on a calvary.
• Werner Berg Museum on the main square
• Kiki-Kogelnik parents' house on the main square
• Memorial park on Bleiburg field (Loibacher field) with several monuments and a chapel for the victims of the Bleiburg massacre
• The Freyungsbrunnen by Kiki Kogelnik is one of the late main works of the artist Kiki Kogelnik and was created on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the Bleiburg Wiesenmarkt in 1994. The fountain in front of her parents' house depicts the winged St.Lucas bull, the heraldic animal of Bleiburg. The fountain also serves as the site of the Freyung , the symbol for "free market". (The Freyung is set up one week before the major annual markets.) Efforts are also underway to set up a “Kiki Kogelnik Gallery” in order to be able to present a further documentation of the Bleiburg woman in addition to the Freyungsbrunnen she designed.

The Bleiburg Culture Initiative (KIB), which has existed since 1983, has been organizing the Bleiburg carnival cabaret since 1993.

In 2009 the European exhibition took place in Bleiburg - together with St. Paul in Lavanttal .

Since 1865 the Bleiburg Choir (Mixed Choir Bleiburg) has been organizing various events such as the traditional castle courtyard singing. In addition to sacred and secular choral music, the Carinthian song is particularly important to the association. In 2014 the association was awarded the bronze "Walter von der Vogelweide" medal.

Economy and Infrastructure

Its secluded, unspectacular location makes Bleiburg a passive space . Bleiburg is located on the single-track railway line from Marburg (Slovenia) to Franzensfeste (South Tyrol), which is still designated as the main railway line today, but is not electrified . This was built in the early 1860s and leads from Klagenfurt via the Bleiburg train station, which was newly built in 2010 (which is around 2 km outside the city) and over the Holmec Pass to the Slovenian Miestal. Bleiburg station will be an important freight station by 2020 at the latest with the completion of the Koralmbahn . Originally, the connection with the Unterdrauburg – Knittelfeld railway in what is now the Slovenian town of Dravograd (Unterdrauburg) was used to return to Austria via Lavamünd. Until 1964, this was the way in which the Lavant Valley was connected by rail to the rest of Carinthia using corridor traffic. The branch line ( Jauntalbahn ), which connects Bleiburg with St. Paul, was only opened in 1964 . In this way, the Bleiburg Stadt train station also gave the city a very close to the center of the city. The Bleiburg Loop is to be electrified as part of the construction of the Koralm Railway.

The southern motorway and border crossings to Slovenia ( Mießenal , Unterdrauburg ) are nearby. There is a small ski area on the Petzen. The Klopeiner See summer tourist area is also located near Bleiburg .

The largest employer in the area is the Mahle filter plant (St. Michael ob Bleiburg) in the neighboring municipality of Feistritz ob Bleiburg , which employs almost 1700 people. The Goiginger Kaserne Bleiburg of the Austrian Armed Forces is also important as a regional employer .

The Bleiburg Loop is intended to connect the community to the Koralmbahn high- speed railway that is currently under construction .

The Bleiburg meadow market with its agricultural machinery exhibition is also of economic importance . The meadow market was first mentioned in a document in 1393 and takes place annually around Aegidius (September 1st).

The local Posojilnica bank (savings and loan fund) has its place in regional economic life and as a sponsor in cultural life and in sports.

politics

Municipal council election 2015 Turnout: 80.44%  % 50 40 30th 20th 10 0 40.98% (+ 6.77  % p ) 35.78% (+ 2.83  % p ) 18.01% (+1.43  % p ) 3.73% (-12.53  % p ) 1.51% ( n. K. ) ÖVP SPÖ Tbsp FPÖ DMÖ 2009  2015 

City Councilor and Mayor The Bleiburg city ​​council (city government) has six members. The directly elected mayor is Stefan Johann Visotschnig (SPÖ). Municipal council The municipal council has 23 members and has been composed as follows since the last municipal council election in 2015 : 10 ÖVP 9 SPÖ 4 tbsp

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bleiburg shows "in blue on a golden tape with the inscription S. LVCAS a border to the right herschauenden golden wings animal ."

The use of a city ​​seal can be assumed for soon after 1322, but was only mentioned on July 22, 1428 and received in a document dated November 29, 1650; However, the writing and the seal image point to the time around 1320/30. The bull as an attribute of the evangelist Luke is clear and undisputed, but the reference to this is not passed down and unclear, because the city parish church is consecrated to St. Peter . One possible interpretation is that a fair was held in Bleiberg on the feast of St. Luke. The administration of the coat of arms was confirmed to the municipality on September 10, 1969. The Bleiburg flag is blue and yellow with an incorporated coat of arms.

Place sign dispute

Bleiburg has also been involved in the Carinthian town sign dispute since the 1970s .

As early as 2001, the Constitutional Court (VfGH) had passed a fundamental judgment on the Carinthian local sign dispute (listing in the municipalities with a 10% share within a year). In December 2005 the VfGH decided that the Slovene place names Pliberk and Drveša vas must be used on the place names for Bleiburg and Bleiburg-Ebersdorf . Instead, the boards were moved a few meters by the then Governor Jörg Haider in a press action on February 8, 2006, so that they were subject to a new ordinance to which the VfGH judgment did not apply. This measure, known as the movement of the town signs , was found to be unlawful by the Constitutional Court on June 26, 2006. Small panels were then installed as additional panels. The result was preliminary investigations against abuse of office against Haider and road construction consultant Gerhard Dörfler . On July 9, 2010, the VfGH also found this solution to be inadmissible and required both name variants to be labeled in the same font size. By the then Governor villagers as " miscarriage of justice called" were still erected judgment compliant within a few days boards.

• 

  Place name sign Bleiburg - Pliberk

• 

  Place-name sign Ebersdorf - Drveša vas

• 

  Aich - Dob town sign

• 

  Rinkenberg - Vogrče sign

• 

  Place-name sign Replach - Replje

• 

  Schliterndorf - Čirkovče sign

• 

  Place name sign Moos - Blato

Sports

Club sport

In terms of sport, Bleiburg is not only a center of Lower Carinthia and the Völkermarkt district, it is also home to important sports clubs throughout Austria.

Probably the most successful sports club is the SK Posojilnica Aich / Dob volleyball club . Founded by the former Austrian national player Gerhard Kitzinger, in the early 1980s in the small town of Aich , slow north of Bleiburg . Dob - the club made it to the Austrian Bundesliga in 1991. The greatest successes were the 2nd places in the Cup in  2007 and 2000 as well as series European Cup participation (for the first time in 1997). In 2011 and 2012 the association became Austrian vice-champions and in 2013 Austrian champions of the Austrian Volley League .

Another highly successful club from Bleiburg is the PPC Bleiburg - a billiards club . Several national championship titles in many age groups and categories go to the account of the association. The club premises of the PPC Bleiburg are in the Kulturni dom.

The SVG Petzenland Bleiburg was founded as a sports club Grenzland Bleiburg in 1946 and is the traditional club of Southern Carinthia. The SVG is a two-time Carinthian champion in 1991 and 2007, was from 1977 to 1996 over 19 years "unabsteigbarer" part of the Carinthian League and was on the rise in the newly created Regional center (Carinthia, Styria, Upper Austria, Austria's third-highest division) in this League established. In 2006, for the first time since 1973, you had to go down again. In the following season in the Carinthian regional league, however, this was dominated. After one season, the club was relegated from the Middle Regional League in 2008.

The SAK Klagenfurt / Celovec has been running a football youth center in Wiederndorf / Vidra vas since 1992 called SAK Pliberk with 8 teams of all ages, from U7 to U18.

Popular sport

Bleiburg offers a wide range of sports opportunities for mass sports, be it within clubs or outside of organized sports. Examples include Nordic and alpine skiing (close to the Petzen ski area), running, cycling (excellent network of cycle paths), swimming and bathing (close to Carinthian lakes, outdoor pool), popular sports clubs such as the Heiligengrab community with a wide range of sports, tennis (TC Bleiburg) , Extreme sports (paragliding, bungy jumping and rocket jumping from the Jauntal bridge )

Motorsport

The Zele Racing motorsport team, which takes part in various international series, is based in Bleiburg.

Personalities

Kiki Kogelnik's childhood home on Bleiburger Hauptplatz

• Josef Sorgo (1869–1950), internist and pulmonologist, born in Bleiburg
• Josef Witternigg (1881–1937), politician
• Friedrich Capelari (1884–1950), painter and xylograph
• Milka Hartman (1902–1997), important Slovenian poet and poet, born in Unterloibach / Spodnje Libuče near Bleiburg
• Werner Berg (1904–1981), artist; spent part of his creative time in Bleiburg
• Janko Messner (1921–2011), important Slovenian political writer, born in Bleiburg
• Franz Brandl (1928–2012), artist, particularly active in Bleiburg
• Kiki Kogelnik (1935–1997), pop art artist, born in Bleiburg
• Hubert Fabian Kulterer (1938–2009), action artist and poet
• Johann Kresnik (1939–2019), choreographer, dancer and theater director, born in Sankt Margarethen
• Karlheinz Miklin (1946–2019), jazz musician, composer and university teacher, grew up in Bleiburg
• Andreas Leben (* 1966), Slavist, literary scholar and translator, born in Bleiburg
• Markus Hein (* 1972), computer scientist and politician, born in Bleiburg
• Rainer Schönfelder (* 1977), former skier and multiple Olympic medalist

Web links

Commons : Bleiburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Bleiburg in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• City of Bleiburg
• 20801 - Bleiburg. Community data, Statistics Austria .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Holm Sundhaussen : Yugoslavia and its successor states 1943-2011: An unusual history of the ordinary . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-205-79609-1 , p. 64 .
2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
3. ↑ KK Statistische Central-Commission, Special-Orts-Repertorien of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Oesterreichischen Reichsrathe. Volume V Carinthia (Vienna 1883) p. 75.
4. ↑ Andrej Vovko: Podružnice "družbe sv. Cirila in Metoda «na Koroškem 1885–1918. In: Koroški koledar 1978, 151–161.
5. ↑ Andrej Vovko: Odborniki podružnic "družbe sv. Cirila in Metoda «na Koroškem v letih 1885–1918. In: Koroški koledar 1979, 110–121.
6. ↑ SPD Edinost (izd.): Iz roda v rod duh išče pot. 100-letna kronika Slovenskega prosvetnega društva "Edinost" v Pliberku . Pliberk 2009.
7. ↑ Kulturni dom: www.kulturnidom.at
8. ↑ Posojilnica Bank: http://www.pzb.at/index.php/de/bankengruppe/posojilnica-bank-pliberk.html
9. ↑ B. Entner, H. Wilscher: "All Slovenes!" Carinthian Slovenes between disenfranchisement and discrimination. In: Pawlowsky, Verena / Wendelin, Harald (eds.): Excluded and disenfranchised. Robbery and return. Austria from 1938 until today. Vienna 2006, 54–76.
10. ↑ Ivica Žnidaršič: O Izgonu Slovencev, organiziranosti slovenskih izgnancev, prisilnih delavcev in beguncev ter prizadevanjih za uveljavitev pravic do vojne od Slovenškodnine.Ljubljana: Društvo izgnancev19e 2009 .41–4519
11. ↑ B. Entner, A. Malle (eds.): Pregon koroških Slovencev 1942, The expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes. Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012
12. ↑ JW Schaschl (ed.): When Carinthia deported his own children, The Expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes 1942–1945, Historical Overview - Tales of Contemporary Witnesses - Letters and Documents. Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012.
13. ^ V. Sima: Violence and Resistance 1941–1945. In: A. Moritsch (Ed.): The Carinthian Slovenes 1900–2000. Balance of the 20th century. Klagenfurt / Celovec [ea] 2000, 263-280.
14. ^ A. Malle: Resistance under the most difficult conditions. Carinthian Slovenes in resistance. In: S. Karner, K. Duffek (eds.): Resistance in Austria 1938–1945, The contributions to the parliamentary inquiry 2005. Graz, Vienna: Association for the promotion of d. Research into the consequences of conflicts and the like Obtain. 111-123.
15. ↑ Florian T. Rulitz: The tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring. Partisan violence in Carinthia using the example of the anti-communist refugees in May 1945 . Hermagoras Verlag , Klagenfurt / Ljubljana / Vienna, 2011. ISBN 978-3-7086-0616-3
16. ^ Alfred Elste, Michael Koschat, Paul Strohmaier: victims, perpetrators, informers. "Partisan Justice" using the example of the kidnappings in Carinthia and Styria in May / June 1945: law or revenge? 2nd, unchanged edition. Mohorjeva, Klagenfurt / Ljubljana / Vienna 2007.
17. ↑ Tamara Griesser-Pečar: The torn people. Slovenia 1941-1946. Occupation, collaboration, civil war, revolution. (= Studies on politics and administration. Vol. 86). Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2003.
18. ↑ Othamr Mory: Liescha / Leše 1945, Bleiburg 2002.
19. ↑ Florian Thomas Rulitz: The massacres of Bleiburg - Denied, forgotten, hidden and misinterpreted crimes against humanity in the area of ​​Austrian-Slovenian Carinthia in May 1945 . in: Mateja Čoh Kladnik, Neža Strajnar: Totalitarizmi - vprašanja in izzivi, 3 / Totalitarianism - questions and challenges, Represivne metode totalitarnih režimov / Repressive methods of totalitarian regimes ,, 2012, ISBN 978-961-93300-2-9 , p. 39–59 ..
20. ↑ Florian Thomas Rulitz: Tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring, 1945. / (NIU Press / Northern Illinois University Press- USA) [greatly expanded English. Ed.], Dekalb (USA), III., 2016. XXVII + 307
21. ↑ Florian T. Rulitz: The tragedy of Bleiburg and Viktring. Partisan violence in Carinthia using the example of the anti-communist refugees in May 1945 . Hermagoras Verlag , Klagenfurt / Ljubljana / Vienna, 2012.
22. ↑ Official description of the kidnappings of civilians from Carinthia in 1945 by members of the Yugoslav partisan associations as well as the fate of the civil officials from Austria who were missing in Upper Carniola. Written by the Security Directorate for the federal state of Carinthia. Zl. 500 / g / SD / 52 / A.
23. ↑ Kleine Zeitung : Mass grave discovered in Slovenia ; accessed on April 19, 2020
24. ↑ Kleine Zeitung: The murderers made a joke ( Memento from November 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ); accessed on Sep. 20 2010
25. ↑ Karl-Peter Schwarz: A one and a half meter thick layer of skeletons. In: FAZ.net . November 11, 2010, accessed October 13, 2018 . 
26. ↑ Der Standard : mass grave discovered near the Carinthian border ; accessed on Sep. 20 2010
27. ↑ The historian Peter Stachel: Review of: Rulitz, Florian Thomas: Die Tragödie von Bleiburg and Viktring. Partisan violence in Carinthia using the example of anti-communist refugees in May 1945. Klagenfurt 2011, in: H-Soz-Kult (communication and specialist information for the historical sciences), November 14, 2013.
28. ↑ ^{a b} New Ustascha meeting in Carinthia. In: ots.at. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2017 . 
29. ^ ^{A b} Paul Donnerbauer: On Saturday the "largest neonacite meeting in Europe" will take place in Carinthia , vice.com, May 11, 2017.
30. ↑ "Here we are allowed to do everything except for the Nazi greeting". In: derStandard.at. May 17, 2016, accessed December 21, 2017 . 
31. ↑ SPD Edinost (izd.): Iz roda v rod duh išče pot. 100-letna kronika Slovenskega prosvetnega društva "Edinost" v Pliberku . Pliberk 2009.
32. ↑ Kulturni dom: http://www.kulturnidom.at/?page_id=100
33. ↑ http://www.kulturnidom.at/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/KD-PLIBERK_V%C3%B6lkermarkter_12-2012.pdf
34. ↑ Dekanat Bleiburg / Pliberk: - ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
35. ↑ http://www.kulturnidom.at/?page_id=100
36. ↑ Posojilnica Bank: http://www.pzb.at/index.php/de/bankengruppe/posojilnica-bank-pliberk.html
37. ↑ Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
38. ↑ Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
39. ^ Quoted from Wilhelm Deuer: The Carinthian municipal coat of arms . Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchiv, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-900531-64-1 , p. 62
40. ↑ Salzburger Nachrichten, July 14, 2010, p. 2 ( online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ): As the actual link The reason is given that the place-name signs according to the VfGH are invalid, i.e. the 50 km / h restriction is not in force, and in the event of an accident the responsible official is personally liable.  
41. ^ History of Zele Racing on the team's homepage (accessed March 15, 2017).