Pregnancy signs
Pregnancy signs indicate the presence of a pregnancy . A distinction is made between unsafe and certain signs of pregnancy as signs that pregnancy has occurred. The uncertain pregnancy signs can also be divided into unspecific ("general symptoms") and specific (related to the female reproductive tract or cycle) symptoms. Some of the unsure signs can also occur with a bogus pregnancy .
Unsure, unspecific signs of pregnancy
Signs that go back to the feelings of the woman or feelings in her entire organism. Many of these symptoms can also be triggered by ovulation or premenstrual syndrome .
- Nausea and vomiting (in extreme cases hyperemesis gravidarum )
- Changes in smell and taste perception
- "Abnormal" cravings and cravings
- increased salivation and bleeding gums
- increased discharge ( fluor vaginalis )
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Breast enlargement and feeling of tightness
- Discoloration of the nipples and increase in sensitivity
- frequent urination ( pollakiuria )
- constipation
- increased need for sleep and fatigue
- a headache
- Implantation bleeding (around the 3rd week of pregnancy, 6-10 days after ovulation)
- Einnistungsschmerz (similar to the means pain )
Unsure, specific signs of pregnancy
Signs that make pregnancy seem possible but without direct evidence. They are based on anamnesis and examination.
- No expected menstruation
- increased basal temperature for more than 18 days
- gynecological signs, e.g. As changes in the cervix as Hegar- , Gauss , Osiander- and Pschyrembel characters
- Lividity (bluish coloration) of the vagina and labia ( Labhardt's sign, Stieve's sign)
- Noticeable pulsation of the uterine artery
Safe pregnancy signs
Signs of pregnancy emanating from the child:
- Detection of amniotic sac or embryo by means of ultrasound from the 5th week of pregnancy (SSW)
- Detection of ß-HCG by means of a qualitative rapid test ("positive pregnancy test ") or a quantitative immunoassay
- Evidence of embryonic heart activity with the ultrasound examination (from 7th to 8th week of pregnancy)
- Child movements (from 18-20 weeks of gestation)
- Hear the child's heartbeat (from around 18 weeks of gestation)
- Feeling parts of the child through the abdominal wall (from 18th week of pregnancy)
Individual evidence
- ^ Mario Festin: Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy . In: American Family Physician . tape 92 , no. 6 , September 15, 2015, ISSN 1532-0650 , p. 516-517 , PMID 26371736 ( aafp.org [accessed July 14, 2020]).
- ↑ LA Bastian: Is this patient pregnant? Can you reliably rule in or rule out early pregnancy by clinical examination? In: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association . tape 278 , no. 7 , August 20, 1997, p. 586-591 , doi : 10.1001 / jama.278.7.586 ( ama-assn.org [accessed July 14, 2020]).
- ↑ L. Lindenskov, FB Kristensen, AM Andersen, KV Andersen, N. Hermann: [Preventive check-ups of pregnant women in Denmark. Common ailments in pregnancy] . In: Ugeskrift for Laeger . tape 156 , no. 19 , May 9, 1994, ISSN 0041-5782 , p. 2897-2901 , PMID 8009727 ( nih.gov [accessed July 14, 2020]).
- ^ GR Meeks, CD Cesare, GW Bates: Palpable uterine artery pulsation as a clinical indicator of early pregnancy . In: The Journal of Reproductive Medicine . tape 40 , no. 3 , March 1995, ISSN 0024-7758 , p. 194-196 , PMID 7776303 ( nih.gov [accessed July 14, 2020]).
- ↑ SA Butler, SA Khanlian, LA Cole: Detection of early pregnancy forms of human chorionic gonadotropin by home pregnancy test devices . In: Clinical Chemistry . tape 47 , no. December 12 , 2001, ISSN 0009-9147 , p. 2131-2136 , PMID 11719477 ( nih.gov [accessed July 14, 2020]).
