Gallicia

Galicia ( Slovenian Galicija ) is in the district of Völkermarkt in Carinthia located bilingual community with 1,751 inhabitants (1 January 2020).

geography

The municipality of Gallizien is located in southern Carinthia at the transition from the Rosental to the Jauntal . The municipality extends between the Drau and the Obir (a northern branch of the Karawanken ) at an altitude of between approx. 390 m (Drauufer north of Möchling) and 2139 m (summit of the Hochobir ). It is made of Vellach flowed through, which forms the boundary between Rose and Jauntal.

Community structure

Gallizien is divided into the six cadastral communities Abtei ( Apače ), Gallizien ( Galicija ), Enzelsdorf ( Encelna vas ), Glantschach ( Klanče ), Vellach ( Bela ), Möchling ( Mohliče ). The municipality includes the following 20 localities (population as of January 1, 2020):

Abriach ( Obrije ) (68)
Abbey ( Apače ) (129)
Dolintschach ( Dolinče ) (19)
Drabunaschach ( Drabunaže ) (34)
Enzelsdorf ( Encelna vas ) (113)
Field ( Polje ) (33)
Freibach ( Borovnica ) (42)
Gallicia ( Galicija ) (284)
Glantschach ( Klanče ) (158) including Oberglantschach and Unterglantschach
Goritschach ( Goriče ) (115)
Krejanzach ( Krejance ) (66)
Linsendorf ( Lečne ) (11)
Möchling ( Mohliče ) (72)
Moss ( Blato ) (111)
Pirk ( Brezje ) (36)
Pölzling ( Pecelj ) (31)
Robesch ( Robeže ) (34)
Lower Carniola ( Podkrinj ) (55)
Vellach ( Bela ) (149) including the Schaffersiedlung
Wildenstein ( Podkanja vas ) (191) including Planteu

Neighboring communities

Ebenthal in Carinthia		Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See
Sankt Margareten im Rosental		Sittersdorf
Cell	Eisenkappel-Vellach

Lower course of the Vellach

Drau river power station Annabrücke of the ÖDK

history

With the discovery of a Roman villa and a settlement in the vicinity of Möchling in 1931, both connected by a road with a fortification on the 653 m high Steinerberg, settlement activity in the area of the community can be traced back to at least Roman times . At the end of the migration period , Slavic tribes settled, which were also characteristic of the German-Slovenian naming of the place and field names (e.g. Dolintschach - valley hollow residents, Goritschach - mountain peak residents , Glantschach - residents on the steep ravine).

At the beginning of the 12th century, the Lords of Rechberg built Wildenstein Castle on the northern Obirabfall . However, this was destroyed by an earthquake in 1348 (which also led to the Dobratsch crash ) and is now only preserved as a ruin. Duke Heinrich IV of Spanheim donated the area around Möchling ( predium quod Mochilich dicitur ) to the St. Paul monastery . From an ecclesiastical point of view, the area, like the entire part of Carinthia south of the Drava , has been under the Patriarchate of Aquileia since 811 .

Augustinian canons of the pin Eberndorf built a Holy Jacob the Elder consecrated own church . Originally the church was called "under Wildenstein" or "an der Vellach". From the 15th century, the place where the church was located was called Gallizien (after the Spanish pilgrimage site of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia , which is dedicated to the same saint). Before that the place was called Gestidorf .

In 1473 there was the first of five Turkish invasions in Carinthia. From the Möchlinger Feld the Renner and Brenner, as the Asian cavalry hordes were also known, undertook their forays to Gurnitz, Klagenfurt, Sankt Veit an der Glan, Feldkirchen and the Wörthersee area, where they caused a lot of damage, killed people and devastated farms and churches burned down. In Goritschach, the Mortinz Cross commemorates the great Turkish battle on September 26, 1473.

The Möchling district was an important traffic junction until the 16th century, as both the road to the Seebergsattel ran through here ( an important Karawanken crossing until the Loiblpass was expanded ) and there was also a crossing over the Drau. This was replaced in 1836 by the construction of a wooden toll bridge ( Annabrücke ).

The municipality of Gallizien, formed in 1850, was reduced in size to the cadastral municipality of Goritschach (an Eberndorf ) in 1865 . In 1944 it experienced a considerable increase in area through the incorporation of the cadastral communities Möchling and Vellach.

Towards the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Gallizien was still a largely Slovene-speaking place. German was only a limited lingua franca for those who knew it. The organized club life of the Slovenes flourished in the area at that time, so that the Slovene Kyrill and Method school association Družba sv. Cirila in Metoda (CMD) founded branch associations in 1888 in Abtei, in 1890 for Pribelsdorf and the surrounding area and in 1908 in Sankt Margareten im Rosental . In 1907 the education association Trta was founded in Sittersdorf / Žitara vas. At the same time, the Slovene choir is experiencing a significant upswing, and church choirs in particular are becoming important carriers of the Slovene language culture. Those who sang in the choir knew good written Slovene.

The first military battle on Robesch / Robež in 1942

Memorial in Robesch, August 16, 1942

Resentment towards everything Slovenian increased from the beginning of World War I and experienced a first high point with the expulsion of the Slovenian intelligentsia after the Carinthian referendum in 1920. A second high point was the long-planned deportation of over 1000 Slovenes from the entire Slovenian-speaking area of southern Carinthia on April 14, 1942, whose targets were terror and robbery. At that time he came to broader armed resistance against the Nazi regime, which was to contribute significantly to the re-establishment of Austria. In it, the first military “battle” on Robesch ( v Robežah ) wrote European history, especially since it was the first successful partisan action in the entire Third Reich . On August 16, 1942, a few months after the massive deportations, an SS unit ambushed a partisan camp on the Robesch. The partisans had to leave their weapons behind and flee into the forest. That is why the surprise of the SS was all the greater when the partisans, armed only with stones, dared a counterattack and thus drove the SS to flight. Two partisans and several SS members died. This first military victory was of great symbolic power for the terrorized people in the country and for the armed resistance that ultimately emerged victorious from the conflict and contributed to pacifying Europe.

population

At the time of the 2001 census, the municipality of Gallizien had 1,825 inhabitants, 97.8% of whom were Austrian and 1.2% German citizens. 8.5% of the population belonged to the Slovene-speaking ethnic group .

92.2% of the community population professed to the Roman Catholic Church , 1.8% to the Protestant Church , 4.2% were without religious beliefs.

The municipality of Gallizien belongs to the Slovene dialect area of the Jauntal (Slov. Podjunsko narečje ), which is a dialect of the Carinthian Slovene dialect group. It is significant that Gallizien belongs to the central Jauntal deanery Eberndorf / Dobrla vas.

Culture and sights

Parish church of St. Jacob the Elder in Gallizien - parish church with a Madonna around 1425/30
Möchling parish church , consecrated to St. Paul, and rectory
Wildenstein waterfall with a fall height of 54 m (below the Hochobir summit)
Möchling Castle

Parish Church of Saint Paul in Möchling
Parish Church of Saint Jacob the Elder in Gallicia
Parish Church in Abbey
Christopher fresco on the south wall of the parish church in Abbey

Economy and Infrastructure

The Drau is used to generate electricity by the Annabrücke run-of-river power plant built by the Austrian Drau power plants in 1981 and the Freibach storage power plant built by KELAG in 1958 .

The Rosental Straße (B 85) runs through the municipality in an east-west-east direction and connects the municipality with the neighboring communities of St. Margareten and Eisenkappel-Vellach . A country road branches off from it at the village of Gallizien in the direction of Grafenstein .

politics

Municipal council election 2015

Turnout: 84.84% (2009: 93.28%)

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

40.37%
(+ 3.89 % p )

36.88%
(+ 9.54 % p )

12.75%
(-16.05 % p )

9.99%
(+ 2.62 % p )

2009

2015

Municipal council

The municipal council has 15 members and has been composed as follows since the last municipal council election in 2015 :

6 SPÖ
6 ÖVP
2 FPÖ
1 tbsp

The directly elected mayor is Hannes Mak (ÖVP).

coat of arms

In the coat of arms of Gallizien, the silver jagged tip symbolizes the “local mountain” of the municipality, the Hochobir , and the blue wedge in it symbolizes the Wildenstein waterfall . The scallop shell and the pilgrim staffs it occupies are attributes of the parish priest James the Elder . The crowned silver snake alludes to a local legend.

The official blazon of the coat of arms reads:

“In blue, a silver tip reaching to the head of the shield and one jagged point in the right and left parts of the heart with a blue wedge rising to below the summit, in front accompanied by [two crossed] silver pilgrim sticks [covered] with a scallop shell, behind by a soaring silver, gold crowned and gold-tongued serpent. "

The coat of arms and flag were awarded to the community on January 10, 1986. The flag is blue and white with an incorporated coat of arms.

literature

Wilhelm Deuer: History of the municipality of Gallizien .

Web links

Commons : Gallizien - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Municipality of Gallicia
20806 - Gallicia. Community data, Statistics Austria .

Individual evidence

↑ AF Reiterer: Lebenswelt mother tongue. Slovenian and how it is perceived today - a report . In: K. Anderwald, P. Karpf, H. Valentin (Ed.): Kärntner Jahrbuch für Politik 2000 . Klagenfurt 2000, pp. 340-362.

↑ AF Reiterer: Counting minorities? Methodological and content-related problems of official language counts . In: M. Pandel [ea] (Hrsg.): Conflict of local signs in Carinthia - crisis or opportunity? Vienna 2004, pp. 25–38.

↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )

↑ Hieronimus Megiser: "Annales Carinthiae II". Reprint of the 1612 edition . Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1981, pp. 1194–1197.

↑ B. Entner, A. Malle (eds.): Pregon koroških Slovencev 1942, The expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012

↑ JW Schaschl (ed.): When Carinthia deported its own children. The expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes 1942–1945 . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012.

↑ B. Entner, H. Wilscher: "All Slovenes!" Carinthian Slovenes between disenfranchisement and discrimination . In: Verena Pawlowsky, Harald Wendelin (ed.): Excluded and disenfranchised. Robbery and return. Austria from 1938 until today . Vienna 2006, pp. 54–76.

↑ Valentin Sima: Violence and Resistance 1941–1945 . In: Andreas Moritsch (ed.): The Carinthian Slovenes 1900–2000. Balance of the 20th century . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2000, pp. 263-280.

^ A. Malle: Resistance under the most difficult conditions. Carinthian Slovenes in resistance . In: S. Karner, K. Duffek (Ed.): Resistance in Austria 1938–1945. The contributions of the parliamentary inquiry 2005 . Association for the Promotion of Research on Consequences after Conflicts and Wars, Graz / Vienna, pp. 111–123.

↑ Vera Smole: Slovenska narečja. Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1-5ff. Ljubljana 1998: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.

^ Jože Toporišič, 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika . Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana, p. 183.

↑ Štefan Singer: Cultural and Church History of the Jaun Valley: Deanery Eberndorf, Klagenfurt / Celovec 1979

↑ Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ see on this "The Enchanted Jungfrau von Wildenstein" In: Grabner, "Sagen aus Kärnten", Graz 1941 ( online version on haben.at ).
^ Quoted from Wilhelm Deuer: The Carinthian municipal coat of arms . Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchivs, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-900531-64-1 , p. 108

[1] AF Reiterer: Lebenswelt mother tongue. Slovenian and how it is perceived today - a report . In: K. Anderwald, P. Karpf, H. Valentin (Ed.): Kärntner Jahrbuch für Politik 2000 . Klagenfurt 2000, pp. 340-362.

[2] AF Reiterer: Counting minorities? Methodological and content-related problems of official language counts . In: M. Pandel [ea] (Hrsg.): Conflict of local signs in Carinthia - crisis or opportunity? Vienna 2004, pp. 25–38.

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_AT_Ortschaft_QUELLE-3] Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )

[4] Hieronimus Megiser: "Annales Carinthiae II". Reprint of the 1612 edition . Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1981, pp. 1194–1197.

[5] B. Entner, A. Malle (eds.): Pregon koroških Slovencev 1942, The expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012

[6] JW Schaschl (ed.): When Carinthia deported its own children. The expulsion of the Carinthian Slovenes 1942–1945 . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2012.

[7] B. Entner, H. Wilscher: "All Slovenes!" Carinthian Slovenes between disenfranchisement and discrimination . In: Verena Pawlowsky, Harald Wendelin (ed.): Excluded and disenfranchised. Robbery and return. Austria from 1938 until today . Vienna 2006, pp. 54–76.

[8] Valentin Sima: Violence and Resistance 1941–1945 . In: Andreas Moritsch (ed.): The Carinthian Slovenes 1900–2000. Balance of the 20th century . Klagenfurt / Celovec 2000, pp. 263-280.

[9] A. Malle: Resistance under the most difficult conditions. Carinthian Slovenes in resistance . In: S. Karner, K. Duffek (Ed.): Resistance in Austria 1938–1945. The contributions of the parliamentary inquiry 2005 . Association for the Promotion of Research on Consequences after Conflicts and Wars, Graz / Vienna, pp. 111–123.

[10] Vera Smole: Slovenska narečja. Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1-5ff. Ljubljana 1998: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.

[Toporisic-11] Jože Toporišič, 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika . Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana, p. 183.

[12] Štefan Singer: Cultural and Church History of the Jaun Valley: Deanery Eberndorf, Klagenfurt / Celovec 1979