Seusslitz
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Seusslitz
community Nünchritz
Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′ 28 " N , 13 ° 25 ′ 4" E
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| Area : | 30.6 ha | |
| Residents : | 566 (1946) | |
| Population density : | 1,850 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 1952 | |
| Incorporated into: | Diesbar-Seusslitz | |
| Postal code : | 01612 | |
Location of Seusslitz in Saxony |
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 Seusslitz towards Goldkuppe
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Seusslitz is a district of Diesbar-Seusslitz in the municipality of Nünchritz in the district of Meißen in Saxony , which is primarily known for the Baroque Seusslitz Castle .
geography
The place is in the Elbe valley at the exit of the Seusslitzer Grund. The place is traversed by the Bockau, which flows into the Elbe in Seusslitz . Surrounding places are Neuseußlitz in the north, Döschütz and Zottewitz in the east, Diesbar in the south and Niederlommatzsch in the west . The place consists of several rows of houses that extend from the former manor and castle both to the northeast and to the east into the Seusslitzer Grund and to the southeast along the Elbaue.
history
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1834 | 364 |
| 1871 | 438 |
| 1890 | 467 |
| 1910 | 399 |
| 1925 | 370 |
| 1933 | 367 |
| 1939 | 377 |
| 1946 | 566 |
| → Diesbar-Seusslitz | |
Suseliz is mentioned for the first time in 1205 . The name can be associated with the Slavic word for insect and the Upper Sorbian word for ground beetle. Seußlitz means place on the Käferbach or the Käferwald. The place name was repeatedly subjected to changes so Seußlitz was in 1226 in Susliz called, 1243 Suseliz , 1347 Sselicz or Sewselitz in 1485. The place is 1543 Seuselitz called and in 1721 Alt-Seußlitz . It was not until 1791 that the name Seusslitz caught on. Otto nobile dicto de Suselicz is a witness in 1205 in the founding deed of the Augustinian canons of St. Afra in Meissen. In 1226, Saint Louis of Thuringia destroyed the Seusslitz and Kalkreuth moated castles due to the insubordination of their owners. This means that the von Seusslitz family is lost in Seusslitz.
In 1255 there was a parish church in Seusslitz under the patronage of the Cistercian monastery Altzella. From 1255 to 1268 Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious used Seusslitz as a hunting residence and elevated the place to the Markgrafenhof (Curia). The hunting residence is explained by the much thicker forest cover in the Middle Ages. There was no capital yet, cities were only just beginning to develop. There was rule where the need existed and where the margrave was just staying, as was the case in the Seusslitz Curia. In the Dresden State Archives there are a total of seven documents that were sealed in Seusslitz between 1256 and 1266.
In 1268 the margrave designated his Curia as the monastery of the Order of the Poor Clares, the female branch of the Franciscans. The renovation work took four years. Seusslitz was the first monastery of this order in Saxony. The first nuns moved in in 1272. The margrave made extensive donations to the monastery. 17 villages are already part of the basic equipment in the foundation letter; Seusslitz and Neuseusslitz are among them. Henry the Illustrious also gave the monastery a vineyard at the monastery and two in Diesbar. This is the earliest evidence of viticulture in Diesbar-Seusslitz. As early as 1545 there were vineyards behind today's castle, five other smaller vineyards were in other places in the corridor. The vineyard area was expanded in the following years, so that in 1721 already 21 residents were involved in viticulture, in 1812 their number had risen to 33.
In a document from 1300 the deep path or hollow path is mentioned as a connection between the monastery and Meißen. The public road went as a mountain road from Seusslitz via Radewitz to Meissen. This constriction from the surrounding area was to become a development disadvantage in the following centuries. In 1334 Seusslitz was administered by the Meißen office and belongs to the Supanie Seusslitz, a Slavic administrative district.
In 1363 the monastery had a ship mill, another mill is mentioned in 1384. The ship mill worked until 1874, two water mills existed until after 1945.
In mid-October 1429 the monastery was ravaged by the Bohemian Hussites. The monastery and church were burned down in 1461. There is evidence of an inn for 1471, the Kretschmar pays 1 shock, 30 groschen . In 1484 the monastery granted the ferry fairness to old Lommatzsch, opposite the monastery.
In the year 1513 is in the directory of the contributions of the compulsory villages for the monastery in the city of Seusslitz . This is the oldest verifiable designation as a city and in the following centuries Seusslitz was often named that way. The city was elevated to the status of a monastery. A town designation letter that retrospectively recognizes enforced, purchased privileges from the landlord does not exist.
In 1526, 47 nuns and lay people lived in the monastery, and 37 people worked as servants in the monastery property (later a manor). The church burned down in 1536. Around 1539 or 1540, on Luther's recommendation, Johannes von Mila became the first Protestant pastor in Seusslitz, and Seusslitz was pastured to Merschwitz. In 1541 the monastery was transferred from ecclesiastical to electoral, i.e. secular, self-government. The electoral chancellor Dr. In 1545 Simon Pistoris bought the former monastery with the outlying works Seusslitz, Merschwitz and Radewitz including the fron of the villages. The loan letter was not issued until 1550. The Pistoris family kept the property until 1722. From 1545 to 1549 the monastery buildings were converted into a residential palace.
Around 1550 Seusslitz had 25 fireplaces and around 200 inhabitants. The former monastery and current residential palace and farm building had a pipe water . Remnants of this water pipe were found during the construction of the sewer at the castle after 1990.
In 1552 Melchior Funck was pastor and schoolmaster at the same time. This is the oldest school certificate. The Seusslitz winegrowers complained in 1558 of serving their grown wine , i. H. The right to serve was written into the court book, from Martini, i.e. from November 11th, to Shrovetide. This is the oldest evidence of the broom economy.
In 1567, the manor Seusslitz and Vorwerk Radewitz managed 232 fields, 232 Ruten fields, 27 fields, 232 Ruten meadows and 214 fields, 107 Ruten forests. This agrees well with today's hallway sizes. In the years 1631/1632 and 1637 the plague raged in Seusslitz as well as in the surrounding villages; In 1637 it claimed 91 lives. In the years 1632 and 1638/1639 the Thirty Years' War reached the manor; In 1632 the ferry house on the Rauen Furt was destroyed.
In 1676 a new school was built as a single-storey building, to which a half-timbered storey was added in 1812 (Bergstrasse). In 1895 Julius von Harck bought the property on Neuseusslitzer Flur for 5,400 marks and donated it to the school community for a new school, which was inaugurated in 1896. Heinrich von Bünau bought the severely dilapidated castle and manor in 1722 and rebuilt the castle and church in the Baroque style from 1722 to 1732. The property remained in the family's possession until 1797. The Heinrichs- and Luisenburgs were completed in 1730, as was the ice pit between the north wing of the palace and today's Haus des Gastes.
In 1742, 14 newly built houses, ten of them in Seusslitz and four in Diesbar, were named in their vineyards . Bergstrasse was sold in 1769 - the Gremzige was sold to some subjects by high rulers . In 1813, Seusslitz Castle became a refuge for the Wittenberg University Library for a few days. It was to be relocated to Dresden in 333 boxes on the waterway in order to bring it to safety from the Prussians who were besieging Wittenberg . On orders from Dresden it was stored in the garden house in Seusslitz, from where it came back to Wittenberg. In 1873 the old cemetery at the church was closed. A new cemetery in Neuseusslitz was inaugurated.
Around 1880 Diesbar in particular, but also Seusslitz, developed into a summer retreat, mainly supported by Leipzig citizens. The establishment of numerous excursion restaurants finally led to the idea of the marriage market, of which the exact year of establishment could not be determined.
In 1880 the Leipzig merchant and merchant Julius von Harck acquired the castle, manor and park. Around 1890 two houses were built as old people's homes for deserving former Harcks workers, including the Helenenheim. In 1894 the son, the art historian Fritz von Harck , took over the property. Seusslitz Castle became the home of the Fritz von Harcks art collection. The famous graphic Die Lebensalter by Hans Baldung Grien (1484 / 85–1545) hung in the castle until 1911 . Fritz von Harck cultivated many acquaintances and friendships with painters and famous art scholars, such as Wilhelm Busch and the Berlin museum director Wilhelm Bode. After his death in 1917, the works of art went to the Grassimuseum Leipzig.
The Seusslitz military association was founded in 1902, the inn burned down and was rebuilt in 1905. In 1907, after phylloxera was first discovered in the Hoflössnitz in Saxony in 1887, grafted vines were planted in the Bahrmann vineyard in Seusslitz. In Diesbar-Seusslitz, phylloxera were never found.
In 1910 Fritz von Harck set up a play school (forerunner of the kindergarten) and a teaching kitchen for young girls in the "Helenenheim"; they were closed in 1920. In 1926, a bus line served Diesbar and Seusslitz for the first time.
Evidently, in 1935, 1936 and 1938, wine festivals with pageants and exhibitions took place in Seusslitz. In 1938, the "Seusslitzer Winzerlied" by forester Georg Eckart was created on this occasion. Presumably a wine festival took place as early as 1925, as Max Weber wrote the poem Prologue to the 1925 wine festival .
After a large explosion at the "Böse Bruder" in 1937, space was created for a road from Seusslitz to Diesbar. There was no marriage market from 1939 to 1945 because of the Second World War, and also from 1967 to 1991 because Ascension Day was not a public holiday. Nevertheless, the men moved to Seusslitz that day.
Parts of the Dresden collections (military history museum, state archive, library of the Technical University) were relocated to Seusslitz Castle in 1943 and transported away again by the Soviet occupying forces and the Dresden institutes after the end of the war in 1946. From 1944 to 1947 the painter Karl Kröner set up his studio in the Heinrichsburg. The manor owner was expropriated in 1945 as part of the land reform. Resettlers and small farmers each received five hectares of land. Even before the land reform, the manor was assigned to the city of Dresden as a municipal commercial enterprise (KWU), as were the castle and vineyards. After the reform, only the vineyards and castle remained with the KWU; the former were later assigned to the Radebeul people's winery.
In April 1946 the castle was converted into an after-work home, as the Güntzheim in Dresden was bombed out. The FDGB (Free German Trade Union Federation) included Diesbar and Seusslitz in the holiday service in 1948. Up until the turn of 1989, around 200 guests spent their 14-day holiday in Diesbar-Seusslitz.
In 1925, 350 inhabitants of the village were Evangelical Lutheran , 14 inhabitants were Catholic . Saxons came after the Second World War in the Soviet zone of occupation and later the GDR. The historically grown affiliation of Seusslitz to Grossenhain was not preserved after the territorial reform in 1952 . She assigned Seusslitz to the Riesa district in the Dresden district . In the same year Diesbar and Seusslitz merged to form Diesbar-Seusslitz .
literature
- Nünchritz 2012 - a journey through history and the present . BVB Verlagsgesellschaft, 2012, p. 25 .
- Elbe valley and Loess hill country near Meissen (= values of our homeland . Volume 32). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1979, p. 57.
- Eberhardt Naumann, Karl Nimetschek, Gerd Ulrich: Festschrift for the 800th anniversary of Diesbar-Seusslitz 1205-2005 . Ed .: Weinbaugemeinschaft Diesbar-Seußlitz e. V. 2005, ISBN 3-00-014977-5 .
Web links
- Seusslitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Seusslitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Grossenhain district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ With the merger of Diesbar and Seusslitz to Diesbar-Seusslitz in 1950 only official population figures were collected for the entire community.