1018
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Map with all linked sites: | 1018 | |
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| 1018 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 466/467 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1010/11 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1561/62 (southern Buddhism); 1560/61 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 61st (62nd) cycle
Year of the Earth-Horse戊午 ( at the beginning of the year Fire-Snake 丁巳) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 380/381 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 396/397 |
| Islamic calendar | 408/409 (turn of the year 19/20 May) |
| Jewish calendar | 4778/79 (September 12-13) |
| Coptic calendar | 734/735 |
| Malayalam calendar | 193/194 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1328/29 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1329/30 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1056 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1074/75 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Bulgaria / Byzantine Empire
Tsar Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria dies earlier this year during the siege of Dyrrhachium , the exact circumstances of his death are unknown. He is inherited by his eldest son Presian II . But already in February the Byzantine Emperor Basil II conquered Kastoria and several other cities and finally also the Bulgarian capital Ohrid and subjugated the Bulgarian Empire. After submission, Presian and his brothers were accepted as dignitaries at the court of Constantinople , with Presian receiving the high title of Magistros . Maria, the widow of Tsar Ivan Wladislaw, is also handed over to Basil with her children in Ohrid. Bulgaria is incorporated into the empire, which shifts the Byzantine border far to the northwest.
Southern Italy
The uprising of the Longobards under Meles of Bari , who want to drive the ruling Byzantines out of Apulia , collapses , which has been relatively successful since the previous year . In the Battle of Cannae on October 1, the rebels, supported by Pope Benedict VIII and others, reinforced by a group of Norman adventurers led by Rainulf Drengot , suffer a crushing defeat against the numerically superior Byzantine army led by Katepan Basileios Boioannes . The Byzantine rule in southern Italy is now stabilized for decades to come, and the Principality of Salerno has to temporarily recognize the Byzantine supremacy again. Meles leaves Apulia after the battle, Rainulf Drengot retreats to Campania with the rest of the Norman army . There they shift to protecting pilgrims who are on their way to the shrine of the Archangel Michael from being pillaged by other highwaymen for a fee.
East Franconian-German Empire / Eastern Europe
- January 30 : The Polish Duke Boleslaw and Emperor . Henry II close to the Ortenburg to Bautzen the Peace of Bautzen . Archbishop Gero of Magdeburg , Bishop Arnulf of Halberstadt , Margrave Hermann I of Meissen , Count Dietrich and the imperial treasurer Friedrich act as negotiators for the empire . Hostages designated for this purpose are given by both contracting parties as a guarantee. The Lausitz and the Milzenerland remain Polish .
- February 3 : The peace of Bautzen is sealed with the marriage of Boleslaw Chrobry to Oda , the youngest sister of Margrave Hermann I of Meissen from the Ekkehardines . Accompanied by Hermann and Bolesław's son Otto, Oda travels to Cziczani Castle , the residence of the Piasts in Lower Lusatia . After this peace agreement, Bolesław turned east and conquered Kiev with his army in the summer . There he installed his ally Svyatopolk I again as Grand Duke of the Kievan Rus . Svyatopolk's half-brother Yaroslav I managed to flee to Novgorod , but his female relatives and a large gold treasure fell into the hands of the Polish duke.
- February: The Liutizen invade the kingdom of the Abodrites . Their prince Mistislaw has to flee to the Saxon Bardengau .
- June: Heinrich II holds the “ Reichstag” in Bürgel (correct: Reichsammlung) on the banks of the Main. In his entourage, in addition to Empress Kunigunde and the Imperial Chancellor and Archbishop of Mainz Erkanbald, there are a large number of princes . Among other things, the marriage of the wealthy Count Otto von Hammerstein with Irmingard von Verdun is discussed. According to canon law, the two are too closely related and were therefore excommunicated for incest earlier this year on the initiative of Archbishop of Mainz , Erkanbald. Finally, in Bürgel, the illegality of the marriage is established. Otto ostensibly submits to the saying, but actually holds on to his marriage.
- July 29th : Dietrich III wins the Battle of Vlaardingen . from Holland over an army sent by Emperor Heinrich II under Duke Gottfried II of Lower Lorraine . Dietrich III. not only can he maintain his property after the victory, but with the permission of the emperor he is also allowed to collect customs duties from passing merchants.
- The Babenberg Margrave Heinrich I the Strong of Austria dies suddenly and unexpectedly. He is succeeded by his brother Adalbert .
- After the death of Harald II , his brother, the English King Canute the Great , also became King of Denmark . He appoints his brother-in-law Ulf Jarl as his deputy.
- Danegeld is being collected for the last time in England . After that, the rule of Canute the Great was consolidated in the North Sea region and the Viking campaigns finally ceased.
- 1016/1018 : Malcolm II of Scotland defeats troops of the English small kingdom of Northumbria in the Battle of Carham . The main cause of the battle was disputes over the Lothian region. After the battle, most of Scotland is under the control of the Scottish kings, although the Vikings can still hold their own in Ross-shire, Caithness, Sutherland, and the Outer Hebrides.
Iberian Peninsula
In Valencia , Abd ar-Rahman IV was elevated to caliph by some Berber leaders after the Hammudids under Ali ibn Hammud an-Nasir came to power in the Caliphate of Cordoba . He can ally himself with the Muslim governor of Saragossa and the Count of Barcelona , but the Hammudids hold on to power in Cordoba . During an attack on Granada , Abd ar-Rahman is abandoned by his Berber troops, defeated and murdered while trying to escape near Guadix . But Ali ibn Hammud an-Nasir is also murdered by a slave in the same year. He is succeeded by his brother al-Qasim al-Ma'mun , the previous governor in Seville .
Arabian Peninsula
- around 1018: In Yemen the Ziyadid dynasty expires with the murder of the last ruler by the court slave Nafis. Nafis takes over the government, but soon faces competition from his brother Najah .
First documentary mentions
- January 21 : Emperor Heinrich II. Transfers a tenth district to the Benedictine monastery Burtscheid in a document , which corresponds exactly to the boundaries of the later city of Burtscheid , which is thus mentioned for the first time.
- Alpthal is first mentioned in a document.
- Zeil am Main is first mentioned in a document as Curtis Zilin .
- Emperor Heinrich II gave the Frankish royal court in Koblenz together with the vineyards in Pfaffendorf to the Archbishop of Trier Poppo von Babenberg .
- around 1012/1018: Schwerin was first mentioned by Thietmar von Merseburg .
religion
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
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After the conquest of Bulgaria, the Byzantine emperor Basil II reorganized the Bulgarian Orthodox Church . The previous patriarchate is converted into a diocese. After the patriarch was expelled, the emperor established the archbishopric of Ohrid and the whole of Bulgaria without affecting the existing autocephaly . The archbishopric remains formally independent from the Byzantine imperial church , but the bishops are appointed by the Byzantine emperor. The first Archbishop John I Debranin appointed by Emperor Basil II is still a Slav, but thereafter a continuous Hellenization takes place.
Buildings and property
- June 9th : In the presence of Emperor Heinrich II , the Worms Cathedral, built under Bishop Burchard, is consecrated .
- September 2 : During his five-week stay in Zurich, Henry II, at the request of Abbot Wirund, gives the Einsiedeln monastery the "detoured and uncultivated" forest (silvam inviam et incultam) around the abbey within defined limits.
- The monastery Buckfast Abbey is founded.
Catholic church hierarchy
- Rudhart succeeds Lambert , who died on May 16, as Bishop of Constance .
- July 29th : Bishop Balderich II of Liège dies on a campaign by the Lower Lorraine against the Frisians . Wolbodo becomes the new bishop of Liège .
- August 21 : Heinrich I of Lausanne dies. His successor as bishop of Lausanne is Hugo of Burgundy .
- Meginhard I succeeds Heinrich I , who died on November 14th, as Bishop of Würzburg . In contrast to his very active predecessor, he is not particularly visible in terms of politics or the region.
- Oliva de Besalú , abbot in the monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll , becomes bishop of Vic .
- At the instigation of his brother Ottone , the Doge of Venice , Orso Orseolo , who was only 30 years old, was appointed Patriarch of Grado . His 20-year-old brother Vitale follows him as Bishop of Torcello .
- Reginbald II of Dillingen becomes abbot of the Imperial Abbey of St. Nazarius in Lorsch .
- Bishop Arnulf von Halberstadt makes Ezilo abbot when the Ilsenburg monastery was founded .
Born
Date of birth saved
- April 10 : Nizām al-Mulk Abū ʿAlī al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Ishāq at-Tūsī , vizier of the Seljuk sultans Alp Arslan and Malik Shāh († 1092 )
- August 31 : Jeongjong , King of the Goryeo Empire in Korea († 1046 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Bagrat IV , King of Georgia († 1072 )
- Ferdinand I ("the great"), King of León, Castile and Galicia († 1065 )
- Rajadhiraja Chola , King of the Tamil Empire of the Chola in South India († 1054 )
- Wen Tong , Chinese painter († 1079 )
Born around 1018
- 1018/ 19 : Harthacnut , King of England and Denmark († 1042 )
Died
Date of death secured
- March 22nd : Ali ibn Hammud an-Nasir , Caliph of Cordoba
- May 16 : Lambert von Konstanz , Bishop of Konstanz
- July 29th : Balderich II , Bishop of Liège
- August 21 : Henry of Burgundy , Bishop of Lausanne
- November 14th : Heinrich I , Bishop of Würzburg
- December 1 : Thietmar , Bishop of Merseburg and historian (* 975 )
Exact date of death unknown
- before May 30th: Wilhelm II. , Count of Provence (* around 987 )
- Abd ar-Rahman IV , Caliph of Cordoba
- Aldhun of Durham , Bishop of Lindisfarne and Durham (* around 959 )
- Dego , abbot in the St. Ulrich and Afra monastery in Augsburg
- Gerlach , Count in Niederlahngau
- Harald II , King of Denmark (* around 995 )
- Heinrich I , Margrave of Austria
- Ivan Vladislav , Tsar of the Bulgarians
Died around 1018
- 1015/1018 : Adelheid von Vilich , first abbess of the Benedictine Abbey of Vilich near Bonn, founded by her parents
- between 1017 and 1019: Wigo , Bishop of Brandenburg
- 1018 at the latest: Poppo (V.) , Abbot of Lorsch and Fulda
