1014

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1014
Henry II and his wife Kunigunde are crowned by Pope Benedict VIII .	Byzantine troops defeat the west Bulgarian army in the battle of Kleidion .
1014 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	462/463 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1006/07
Buddhist calendar	1557/58 (southern Buddhism); 1556/57 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	61st (62nd) cycle Year of the wood tiger甲寅 ( at the beginning of the year water buffalo 癸丑)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	376/377 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	392/393
Islamic calendar	404/405 (turn of the year July 1st / 2nd)
Jewish calendar	4774/75 (August 27-28)
Coptic calendar	730/731
Malayalam calendar	189/190
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1324/25 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1325/26 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1052
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1070/71 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Anglo-Scandinavian Empire

The North Sea Region (1014-1035)

When Sven Gabelbart dies on February 3, shortly before his coronation in Gainsborough , which he has elevated to the capital , his sons plan to divide up the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire he had created . His eldest son Harald II also becomes King of Denmark . England, on the other hand, which has ruled Sven without resistance in the last few months after the expulsion of King thelred , does not recognize his second son Knut as his successor, and the Witan calls Æthelred back from his exile in Normandy. Knut has to retreat to Denmark for the time being, where he is gathering an invading force.

Kingdom of Scotland

• around 1014: Findláech becomes Mormaer of Moray in Scotland .

Ireland

Ireland 1014 (Scandinavian bases in light green)

The army of the Irish High King Brian Boru defeated the Vikings from Dublin and the Isle of Man and their Irish allies at the Battle of Clontarf on April 23 . The defeat did not result in the “ expulsion of the Vikings from Ireland ”, as tradition reports, but their political power on the island has now been finally broken. However, Brian Boru, like his son Murchadh, falls in battle. The new Irish high king is Máel Sechnaill MacDomnaill , who was also involved in the battle .

East Franconian-German Empire

• February 14 : Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry II and his wife Kunigunde in the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome as Emperor and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire . Benedict VIII and the Roman citizens went far to meet Henry II and prepared a solemn reception for him before Rome, where the Pope presented an imperial orb made of gold, set with precious stones and adorned with a golden cross , which he had previously made for the occasion . This is the first evidence of the use of an imperial orb, which later became an integral part of the imperial insignia . Heinrich II passed this on to the Cluny monastery . Abbot Odilo von Cluny had celebrated Christmas with the court on December 25, 1013 in Pavia and was also present at the imperial coronation.

• Oldřich , King of Bohemia from the House of the Premyslids , eliminated the aristocratic opposition in his country. Members of the Vršovci family in particular fell victim to the purge .

France

• William III. follows his late father Rotbald III. as Count of Provence .

Iberian Peninsula

The Taifa kingdom of Dénia

• Mujahid completes the conquest of the area around Dénia and the Balearic Islands , which began in 1010 and thus consolidates the Taifa Kingdom of Dénia within the Caliphate of Córdoba .

Byzantine Empire and its neighbors

• July 29 : Byzantine troops under Emperor Basil II defeat the West Bulgarian army in the Battle of Kleidion on the Struma River in Macedonia , a culmination of the centuries-long Byzantine-Bulgarian wars . 14,000 Bulgarians are blinded by the victorious Greeks . The Bulgarian Tsar Samuil suffers a stroke when he sees his troops, from which he dies on October 6th . Basil II receives the honorary name Bulgaroktónos ("Bulgarentöter"). Samuil's son Gawril Radomir becomes the new tsar of a severely weakened First Bulgarian Empire .

• After the death of Bagrat III. his son Giorgi I becomes King of Georgia . Due to his expansive policy he soon came into conflict with the Byzantine Empire.

Kiev

• Yaroslav , heir to the throne of the Kievan Rus , refuses to pay tribute to his father Vladimir I , who has awarded him the rich trading city of Novgorod , whereupon he prepares a campaign against him.

North africa

• Hammad ibn Buluggin , governor for the central Maghreb, declares his independence from the Zirids under Bādīs ibn al-Mansūr ibn Buluqqīn ibn Zīrī in Ifrīqiya and forms a separate empire of the Hammadids in Algeria . At the same time he recognizes the Abbasids in Baghdad instead of the Fatimids in Cairo as the rightful caliphs .

India

• After the death of his father Rajaraja I. Rajendra I. becomes sole ruler in the Chola- Empire of the Tamils .

First documentary mentions

• The places Beichlingen and Javierrelatre are first mentioned in a document.

religion

• February: Under the joint chairmanship of Pope Benedict VIII and the new Emperor Henry II , a synod takes place in Rome , at which a total of five bishops are deposed, decrees against simony and for the chastity of clergy are issued and the return of alienated church property is demanded becomes. Shortly afterwards, the emperor moved north again, making the Abbey of Bobbio a diocese.
• October 13 : The corpse of Koloman , who was executed in 1012 and venerated as a saint, was transferred from Stockerau and was solemnly buried in St. Peter's Church on the Melk Castle Hill by the Eichstatt Bishop Megingaud .

Farneta Abbey

• The Abbey Farneta is first mentioned.

Disasters

• On September 28th, an unusual storm surge occurs on the North Sea coast, in Wales and probably also on the American Atlantic coast . The subsequent tsunami killed thousands of coastal residents. Scientific studies allow u. a. the discovery of an ammonium-containing deposit in the Antarctic GISP-2 ice core suggest that this was probably a tsunami triggered by a meteorite impact in the North Atlantic. The scientists involved point out that such ammonium deposits are mainly generated by meteorite impacts.

Born

• 1009 or 1014: Adela of France , Countess of Flanders and saint († 1079 )

• Abū ʿUbaid al-Bakrī , Spanish-Arabic geographer and historian († 1094 )
• Surchung Sherab Dragpa , Tibetan clergyman († 1074 )
• around 1014: Cynan ap Iago , Welsh prince († around 1063 )

Died

Date of death secured

• February 3rd : Sven I. ("Gabelbart"), King of Denmark (* around 965 )
• April 23 : Brian Boru , Irish high king (* around 940 )
• April 23 : Sigurður Hlöðvisson , Jarl on the Orkneys (* around 960 )
• July 4th : Hathui , abbess of the Gernrode monastery (* around 939 )

• October 6 : Samuil , Bulgarian tsar (* 958 )
• 11 November : Werner von Walbeck , Graf von Walbeck and Margrave of the Nordmark (* around 980 / 985 )

Exact date of death unknown

Bagrat III. (Wall painting in Gelati Monastery )

• Bagrat III. , King of Abkhazia and the united Georgia (* around 963 )
• Rajaraja I , King of the Tamil Chola dynasty
• Red Bald III. , Count of Provence

Died around 1014

• 1014/1017: Æthelsige II , Bishop of Sherborne
• 1014/1017: Beorhtwine I , Bishop of Sherborne

Web links

Commons : 1014  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files