Cynan ap Iago

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Wales, medieval kingdoms

Cynan ap Iago (Cynan son of Iago) (* around 1014, † around 1063) was a Welsh prince from the younger dynasty of the Kings of Gwynedd in North Wales , who named after the traditional royal residence in Aberffraw on the southwest coast of the island of Anglesey "House by Aberffraw ”.

Cynan ap Iago followed his father's assassination in 1039, presumably nominally as King of Gwynedd, but at very short notice, as he was expelled from the rule and out of the country by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn († 1063) in the same year . In exile in Ireland he married Ragnhild, a daughter of the King of Dublin King Olav Sigtryggsson († 1034). Cynan's attempt to recapture his father's kingdom of Gwynedd with the help of Viking troops from Dublin failed, so he stayed in Ireland and died there.

Cynan is of interest because of its family history connections. This is because his ancestors in the male line, according to traditional genealogies, go back to Coel Hen Hen , a legendary British ruler of the 5th century - and thus to the time of the end of Roman control over Britain. This is also because his wife Ragnhild was a descendant not only of the originally Scandinavian dynasty of the Uí Ímair (grandson of Imar / Ivar), but also of Irish Celtic Irish dynasties and rulers - such as Brian Boru († 1014) the important High King of Ireland. These family relationships lived on in the numerous descendants of the couple, which included the kings and princes of Wales until 1283 and, via the House of Tudor, not only the rulers of Great Britain until today, but also numerous other European dynasties and families.

origin

Cynan came in the male line from the younger house of the kings of Gwynedd, the "House Aberffraw" which followed the older "House Cunedda" around 825, which ruled from around 420 to 825 and was derived from the legendary / semi-historical progenitor Cunedda Wledig (Cunedda the emperor). However, he is descended from the house of Cunedda in the female line, since his ancestor Gwriad ap Elidyr Ethil (Ethyllt, Esylt) ferch Cynan, daughter of Cynan Dindaetwy King of Gwynedd (798-816) from the first dynasty of the kings of Gwynedd married, whereby the Kingdom of Gwynedd came to House Aberffraw. Cynans father Iago ap Idwal ap Meurig († 1039) reigned as King of Gwynedd and Powys and in the Annals of Ulster compiled in the 16th century, even referred to as "King of the Britons". Cynan's grandfather, Idwal ap Meuric († 996), like his great-grandfather Meuric ap Idwal, is mentioned in the work of Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambresensis) († 1223) in the enumeration of the lineage of the kings of Gwynedd

The Gwentian Chronicle mentions that Cynan's great-grandfather Meuric from Idwal († 986) had blinded his brother Ieuav and that he was blinded by his nephew Hywel ap Ieuav († 984).

The direct lineage of Cynan ap Idwal can, however, be traced back considerably on the basis of traditional genealogies - to the end of antiquity, since, according to tradition, he was a British (Celtic) ruler who lived in the "Hen Ogled" from Coel Hen (Coel the Old) the so-called "Old North" of Britain - which today corresponds roughly to southern Scotland and the north of England - in the 4th / 5th. Century ruled.

Descent from Coel Hen

Coel Hen, a prominent figure in early Welsh lore and literature, was traditionally a regional ruler in Roman or post-Roman Britain in the fourth century, according to the Harleian Genealogies, a collection of ancient Welsh genealogies in the British Library, Harleian MS 3859 , the compilation of which is dated around the year 1100 and later genealogies such as the "Bonnedd Gwyr y Gogledd" (The Descendants of the Men of the North) several dynasties in the "Hen Ogledd" (the "Old North") ie in the Celtic-speaking part of northern England and Scotland, derive. Among other things, Coel Hen, through his daughter Vala, is also considered the father-in-law of another contemporary British ruler and important dynasty founder, namely of Cunedda Vledig (Cunedda the Emperor)

The paternal ancestors of Cynan ap Iago can be traced back to the records of early Welsh genealogies - for example in the - partly legendary - Historia Brittonum written around 829/30 , the biography of his son Gruffydd ap Cynan from the 13th century or in manuscript 20 of Jesus College - to be traced back to Coel Hen (Coel the Old), and thus to the time of the end of the Roman occupation of Britain in 420.

For Cynan ap Iago this results in the paternal line - especially according to manuscript 20 of Jesus College (Oxford), the following series of stems, which are neither to be regarded as complete nor as historically documented, but which contain genuine records of historical facts, which, however, are difficult to understand the associated legends are to be distinguished:

  • Cassivellaunus (cl. 60–48 BC) the opponent of Julius Caesar .
  • Coel Hen, ruler in Roman Britain around 400
  • Keneu ap Coel Hen
  • Gwrwst (Gurgust) Lledlwm ap Keneu
  • Merchion Gul (Merchion der Magere) ap Gwrgust, King of Rheged in the late 5th century.
  • Elidyr (Elidurus) Lydanwyn (the fat one) ap Merchion, King of Rheged. His brother Cynfach Oer, also called Cynfarch ap Meirchion, was also King of Rheged and the father of the better-known Urien Rheged , who ruled as King of Rheged in the 6th century.
  • Llywarch Hen (Llywarch the Old) ap Elidyr, Prince of Rheged and poet (* around 534, † around 608)
  • Douc ap Llewarch
  • Ceit ap Douc
  • Tegyd ap Ceit
  • Alcun ap Tegyt
  • Sandef ap Alcun
  • Elidyr ap Sandef
  • Gwriad ap Elidyr, King of the Isle of Man around 800, marries Ethil (Ethyllt, Esylt) ferch Cynan, daughter of Cynan Dindaetwy King of Gwynedd (798-816) from the first dynasty of the Kings of Gwynedd.
  • Merfyn Frych (Merfyn the Freckled) ap Gwriad, 1st King of Gwynedd, the new dynasty occasionally named after him "Merfynion Dynasty", from 825 to 844; & Nest ferch Cadell from the Gwerthrynion dynasty, which bears the name of its eponymous progenitor, the Roman-Celtic warlord Vortigern (Welsh: Gwrteyrn), a daughter of Cadell ap Brochfael , King of Powys (773-808), † 804/08 . The Gwentian Chronicle, however, reports that Nest was the mother of "Mervyn the Freckled" and a daughter of Cadell of Derrnllwg, son of Brochwel Ysgithrog.
  • Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) ap Merfyn, King of Gwynedd from 844, annexed the Kingdom of Powys in 856 and in 871 Seisyllwg, therefore was considered the "King of the British" († 878)
  • Anarawd ap Rhodri (* around 857; † 916) King of Gwynedd (878–916), King of the British
  • Idwal Foel ap Anarawd, King of Gwynedd (916-942)
  • Meurig ap Idwal († 986),
  • Idwal ap Meurig († 996)
  • Iago ap Idwal ap Meurig († 1039) King of Gwynedd and Powys (1023-1039)
  • Cynan ap Iago († 1063)

Descent from Cunedda Wledig

Through the marriage of Gwriad (Guriat) ap Elidyr to Ethil ferch Cynan, a daughter of Cynan Dindaetwy ap Rhodri Molwynog, who ruled as King of Gwynedd from 798 to 816, a connection arose with the first dynasty of the kings of Gwynedd, which according to traditional genealogies goes back to Cunedda Wledig, († around 460), who came to Wales with 8 sons from Manau Gododin (on the Firth of Forth in northern Britain) to drive the Irish out of Gwynedd in the 5th century. According to tradition, he was the progenitor not only of the kings of Gwynedd, but also of a number of regional dynasties in Wales.

Descent from Vortigern

Through the marriage of Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad, who from 825 as the first king of the House of Aberffraw (which was sometimes called the "Merfynion Dynasty" after him) with Nest ferch Cadell, a daughter of Cadell ap Brochfael , King of Powys 773– 808, another genealogical connection was established, which goes back to the time of the Roman occupation of Britain. Because Nest came from the "Gwerthrynion Dynasty", which bears the name of its eponymous ancestor, the Roman-Celtic warlord Vortigern (Welsh: Gwrteyrn), who after the departure of the Romans to a special position of power - "Rex Britanniae" - ascent and to The progenitor of several regional dynasties, for example in Gwent in Builth, Gwrtherynion and Powys.

Descent from Magnus Maximus

Solidus of Magnus Maximus

Magnus Maximus (* around 335 ; † August 28, 388 ) was from 383 until his death - a controversial - emperor in the west of the Roman Empire and from 380 "comes Britanniae", d. i.e., Roman army commander in Britain. According to legendary Welsh traditions, he played an important role there, married Elen Luyddog, a daughter of Eudaf Hen (Octavius), who is venerated in the Welsh Church as Saint Helen of Caernarfon, and married his daughter Severa to Prince Vortigern. He is regarded by various Welsh dynasties, including the first dynasty of the kings of the Isle of Man, as the legendary progenitor.

Life

Cynan ap Iago was the eldest son of his father, Iago ap Idwal ap Meurig, who ruled as King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1023 to 1039 and grew up with his younger brother Gruffydd ap Iago. Few details are known about his life.

The decisive factor in his life was undoubtedly the death of his father King Iago in 1039. It is possible - but not proven - that Cynan succeeded him nominally as King of Gwynedd on this 1039, which in any case was only for a very short time, because Gruffydd took over that same year ap Llywelyn (* around 1000; † 1063), a son of Llywelyn ap Seisyll, king of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth († 1023) took power and ruled from 1039 to 1063 as king of Gwynedd and Powys and from 1055 to 1063 as king from all of Wales.

The claim of Cynan's rival Gruffydd ap Llywelyn to the kingdom of Gwynedd was not unfounded, because his father Llywelyn ap Seisyll had already ruled from 999 to 1023 as king of Gwynedd and Dyfed - and thus as the predecessor of Cynan's father Iago ap Idwal. The decisive factor for this was not the origin in the male line, since Gruffydd's grandfather Seisyll was of unknown origin and only lord of Maes Essylt, but the influence of the women marrying in: Seisyll was with a princess of Gwynedd, the daughter of Elisedd ap Anarawd of Gwynedd, and his son Llywelyn ap Seisyll was married to Angharad von Gwynedd, a daughter of Maredudd, King of Deheubarth.

Cynan ap Iago, young, powerless and ousted from rule in Gwynedd by Gruffydd ap Llywelin fled Wales to Ireland and sought refuge in Dublin, the capital of the Nordic dynasty of the Uí Ímar.

He married Ragnhild (Ragnailt) Princess of Dublin there. She was a daughter of the King of Dublin Olav Sigtryggsson (Amlaíb mac Sitriuc) († 1034) and granddaughter of Sigtrygg II. Silkeskegg (silk beard) Olafsson († 1042) King of Dublin from 989/995 and with interruptions until 1036, and his wife Slaine Princess of Ireland, a daughter of Brian Boru (* around 941; † April 23, 1014) King of Munster 978-1014 and High King of Ireland from 1002 to 1014.

Around 1050 Cynan tried to recapture his ancestral kingdom from Gruffydd ap llywelin. He therefore gathered a large army, which probably consisted mainly of troops from his Nordic sisterhood, and set out by sea from Dublin to Wales. His plan failed, however, as his fleet got into a severe storm en route, which dispersed the fleet, so that he had to return to Ireland unsuccessfully.

Cynan died around 1060, a few years after the birth of his only son Gruffydd ap Cynan, who was born in exile in Dublin around 1054/55.

Marriage and offspring

Wife and her parentage

Cynan ap Iago - the evicted pretender to the crown of Gwynedd - married Ragnailtingen Amlaib Sigtryggsson (Ragnhild's daughter of Amlaib (Olaf)) Princess of Dublin, a daughter of Olaf Sigtryggsson, King of Dublin, during his exile in Ireland.

Descent from the Scandinavian Ui Imar

Ireland around 1014, in red the Kingdom of Dublin and other domains of Scandinavian conquerors

Cynan's marriage to Ragnhilt resulted in a connection between a native Celtic dynasty and the Scandinavian dynasty of the Ui Imar (descendants of Imar / Ivar), which is derived from Ivar (+ around 873) a Viking chief who lived in the 9th century The 18th century plagued Ireland and Scotland with its troops and ruled as King of Dublin from 857 to 873.

Descent from Irish dynasties

Ireland in the Middle Ages
Brian Boru

Via Ragnailt / Ragnhild, the descendants of Cynan ap Iago also established a connection to local Irish dynasties, as Ragnhild's paternal grandfather Sigtrygg Seidenbart with Slaine, a daughter of Brian Boru (* around 941; † fell in the Battle of Clontarf on April 23rd 1014), who came from the little important dynasty of the Dál gCais in Thomond (Nordmunster), but became King of Munster in 978 , ended the domination of the Uí Néill dynasty over Ireland and ruled as High King of Ireland from 1002 to 1014 .

The kings of Leinster

The mother of Ragnhilds Mailcorcre was a princess of Leinster from the Ui Dunlainge dynasty, whose traditional line of lineage dates back to the fourth century. She was a daughter of Dunlaing mac Tuathal mac Ugaire († 1013) King of Leinster and a granddaughter of King Tuathal mac Ugaire who ruled from 947 to 958 and great-granddaughter of Ugaire mac Ailella (Ailill), King of Leinster, who ruled in the Battle of Confey (around 915/17) as the leader of the Irish against the Vikings under the command of another ancestor of Ragnhild - King Sigtrygg Caech - fought and fell.

The Uí Néill

Through the marriage of King Ugaire mac Ailella von Leinster to Mor ingen Cearbhaill, Ragnhild was a descendant of Cearball mac Dunlainge King of Ossory and his wife Maelfelbha ingen Mael Sechnaill, who was a daughter of Mael Sechnaill mac Maele Ruanaid High King of Ireland († 862) from the Clann Cholmain, a branch of the (southern) Uí Néill, who played a leading role in Northern Ireland for centuries as Kings of Tara and High Kings of Ireland and who differed from Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages), a legendary, perhaps historical, Irish King of Tara who lived around 450.

progeny

Seal of Owain Glyndwr

From his marriage to Ragnhild, Cynan had only one son, but nine grandchildren:

Gruffydd ap Cynan- Escape from Chester
  1. Gruffydd ap Cynan (* in Dublin around 1055, † in Gwynedd 1137, buried in Bangor Cathedral by the high altar), King of Gwynedd between 1081 and 1137), resisted Norman rule, but lost the throne three times temporarily and fled to Ireland . He has been referred to as the King of All Wales. Gruffydd married around 1095 Angharad ferch Owain ap Edwin († 1162), a daughter of Owain ap Edwin ap Gronow Herr von Tegeingl, († 1105) a great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) (* around 880; † 950) King of Deheubarth and Seisyllwg
    1. Cadwallon ap Gruffydd was killed by his cousin Cardugaun ap Goronou in 1132. He had a son from a wife whose name was unknown: Cunedda ap Cadwallon, who was blinded and emasculated by his uncle Owain ap Gruffydd and died childless after 1151.
    2. Owain ap Gruffydd (around 1100 - 28 November 1170) King of Gwynedd. According to the Chronicle of the Princes of Wales, he undertook a "great and cruel" military expedition to Ceredigion with his brother Cadwalader ap Gruffydd in 1135. Recognized the supremacy of King Henry II (England) Henry II of England in 1152 and has held the title of Prince of Gwynedd since then. In his first marriage he was with Gwaldus, a daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn and granddaughter of Trahaearn ap Caradog († 1081) King of Gwynedd (1075-1081), and in his second marriage with his cousin Christina ferch Gronw, a daughter of Gronw ap Owain ap Edwin von Deheubarth married. Owain had numerous offspring through his seven sons and two daughters, who ruled in the male line up to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd († 1282) or up to 1283 (his brother Dafydd III.) As an autonomous ruler of Wales, and in the female line among others Owen Tudor († executed 1461) counts, who with Catherine of France († 1437) - a daughter of King Charles VI. of France and widow of King Henry V of England - was married and became the progenitor of the House of Tudor - and thus of numerous European dynasties.
    3. Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd († February 29 / March 1172) Prince of Gwynedd, fights together with his brother Owain, who controls Ceredigion, allied with Earl Randolph II of Chester, whose niece Alice de Clare - daughter of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford and the Adelisa (Agnes) of Chester - he gets married. He had a son: Cadfan ap Cadwaladr and a daughter who was married to Anarawd ap Gruffydd ap Rhys † 1143 King of Deheubarth (1137-1143).
    4. Gwenellian ferch Gruffydd (* around 1090; † murdered 1137), she married after 1116 Gruffydd ap Rhys Prince of Deheubarth (1135–1137), son of Rhys ap Tewdr King of Deheubarth and his wife Gwladus, daughter of Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn. Her descendants in the male line ruled until 1201 (Gruffydd ap Rhys) as kings of Deheubarth, became extinct in 1298/99 and were, among other things, ancestors of the House of Tudor and thus important European dynasties in the female line .
    5. Marared ferch Gruffydd
    6. Ranill ferch Gruffydd
    7. Susan ferch Gruffydd married Madog ap Maredudd († February 9, 1160) King / Prince of Powys (1132–1160), son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn, Prince of Powys. (Descendants of the Lords of North Powys up to 1269. Among their male line descendants are Owen Glendower (* around 1350, † around 1416), the last native Welsh who carried the title of Prince of Wales and vainly sought the restoration of independence from Wales tried hard
    8. Annest ferch Gruffydd
    9. Gwenellian ferch Gruffydd (* out of wedlock around 1080), & 1098 Prince Cadwgan ap Bleddyn († falls 1108/11) Prince of Powys, son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, King of Gwynedd and Powys. Offspring: The Lloyd of Blaenglyn family

Rating

The couple Cynan ap Iago and Ragnhild Olafsdotter is important because, through their widely ramified ancestors, their numerous descendants, who are still alive today, convey relationships with the oldest dynasties in Britain, which up to the time of the Roman administration of Britain and thus for almost 1,600 years legendary forefathers, such as Magnus Maximus, Vortigern, Coel Hen, Cunedda Wledig and in Ireland to Niall with the nine hostages and in Scandinavia to Ragnar Lodbrok and thus illustrate the human continuity of European history. Although there are numerous legends and literary embellishments about these ancestors, they are probably based on historical personalities. This is shown by the Icelandic sagas , which were mainly written down in the 13th century and which go back to the 10th century and were passed down for centuries orally - and largely reliably - due to the lack of written form.

swell

literature

  • Hudson, Benjamin T (2005). Viking pirates and Christian princes: dynasty, religion, and empire in the North Atlantic (Illustrated ed.). United States: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516237-4 , ISBN 978-0-19-516237-0 .
  • Lloyd, John Edward (1911). A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. 2 volumes. Longmans, Green & Co., London et al. 1911, digitalisat (vol. 1) , digitalisat (vol. 2). A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co.
  • David and Randal Gray, Kings and Queens of Britain, Collins Gem Code, (1991) Harper Collins / Publishers ISBN 0-00-458954 8
  • McCullough, David Willis (2002). Wars of the Irish Kings: A Thousand Years of Struggle, from the Age of Myth Through the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Random House. ISBN 978-0-609-80907-5 .
  • Jones (1910) The History of Gruffydd ap Cynan
  • Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Ian, Royal Highness. Ancestry of the Royal Child, 1982, Hamish Hamilton Ltd, ISBN 0-241-10840-3
  • Oman; Sir Charles, England before the Norman Conquest, Methuen & Co, 8th edition 1938
  • Shaw, R. Cunliffe, The Men of the North, self-published, no year.
  • Smyth Alfred P. Warlords and Holy Men, Scotland AD 80-1000, page 151, Edinburgh University Press (2003) ISBN 0- 7486 0100 7
  • Stephens, Thomas, Welshmen: A sketch of their history, from the earliest times to the death of Llywelyn, the last Welsh prince, p. 113; (1901) ..
  • Anne Williams; Alfred P Smyth, DP Kirby, A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain, Seaby, 1991 ISBN 1-85264 047 2

Web links

  • Charles Cawley, FMG Medieval Lands, Wales Cadwgan [18]
  • Charles Cawley, FMG, Medlands, Wales Gruffydd [19]
  • Charles Cawley, FMG, Medlands, Ireland, Olav Sithricson [20]
  • Charles Cawley FMG Medlands Wales, Wales Cynan ap Iago. [21]
  • Dictionary of Welsh Biography [22]
  • Paul Halsall: Medieval Sourcebook: Nennius: Historia Brittonum (1998, English translation) [23]
  • The Avalon Project: History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum) by Nennius, Translated by JA Giles (1841, English translation) [24]
  • Thomas Parry: Welsh Biography Online
    Wikisource: Nennius  - Sources and full texts (Latin)
    Gruffudd ap Cynan
Wikisource: Nennius  - Sources and full texts (Latin)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aberffraw is now a small village with around 600 inhabitants on the west bank of the River Ffraw, but was the capital of the Kingdom of Gwynedd from around 800 to around 1179, with the royal residence, called "Llys", in what was probably originally a Roman military complex . However, the building was demolished around 1315 by order of King Edward II - probably to remove this symbol of Welsh independence. The building material was used to expand the neighboring royal Beaumaris Castle .
  2. ↑ Unknown: The Annals of Ulster . AD 431-1201. (English, digitized version [accessed on February 27, 2020]).
  3. ↑ Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, Vol. VI, Descriptio Kambriæ, Liber I, Cap. III, p. 167. [1]
  4. ↑ Charles Cawley FMG Medlands Wales [2]
  5. ↑ Phillimore, Egerton (1888), The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859 , in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), Y Cymmrodor, IX, Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141-183. http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/harleian_genealogies/index.html
  6. ↑ Paul Halsall: Medieval Sourcebook: Nennius: Historia Brittonum (1998, English translation)
  7. ↑ Thomas Parry: Gruffudd ap Cynan In: Welsh Biography Online
  8. ^ Welsh Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/jesus20gen.html
  9. ^ K. Matthews Harleian Genealogy 8 Rheged [3]
  10. ↑ Stephens, Thomas, Welshmen: a sketch of their history, from the earliest times to the death of Llywelyn, the last Welsh prince, p. 113; (1901) digitized
  11. ↑ Charles Cawley FMG Medlands Wales [4]
  12. ↑ Harleian genealogies I: Gwynedd part 1 [5]
  13. ^ Mike Ashley, The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens Robinson (Londres 1998) ( ISBN 1841190969 ) "Cunedda Lothian (Gododdin) 430s; North Wales 450s - c460s. »P. 141-142.
  14. ^ R. Cunliffe Shaw, "The Men of the North" Genealogical family tables after page 136, self-published by the author, without the year
  15. ^ R. Cunliffe Shaw, "The Men of the North" Genealogical family tables after page 136, self-published by the author, without the year
  16. ↑ Vortigern Studies (linking history and legends) http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artfam/genhouse.htm
  17. ^ R. Cunliffe Shaw, "The Men of the North" Genealogical family tables after page 136, self-published by the author, without the year
  18. ↑ Vortigern Studies (linking history and legends) [6]
  19. ↑ Gwentian Chronicle, p. 55.
  20. ↑ Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Sir Iain, Royal Highness p. 10
  21. ↑ Charles Cawley FMG, Medlands Ireland [7]
  22. ^ Charles Cawley FMG; Medieval Lands / Ireland [8]
  23. ↑ Dictionary of Welsh Biography [9]
  24. ↑ Dictionary of Welsh Biography [10]
  25. ↑ Annales Cambriæ, p. 39.
  26. ↑ Annales Cambriæ, p. 39.
  27. ^ Charles Cawley FMG; Medland https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#_Toc389126135
  28. ↑ Gwentian Chronicle, p. 133.
  29. ↑ Burke`s Royal Family op. Cit. P. 322
  30. ↑ Dictionary of Welsh Biography [11]
  31. ↑ Biography of Wales [12]
  32. ^ Carles Cawley, FMG, Medlands [13]
  33. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG, Medlands / Wales [14]
  34. ↑ Burke's Royal Family op. Cit. Page 326
  35. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG, Medlands / Wales [15]
  36. ^ Charles Cawley, FMG Medieval Lands [16]
  37. ↑ Burke's Guido to the Royal Family; First Edition London 1973 page 325; ISBN 0-220-66222-3
predecessor Office successor
Iago ap Idwal ap Meurig King of Gwynedd ?
1039 		Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
personal data
SURNAME Cynan ap Iago
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cynan son of Iago
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince / King of Gwynedd (Wales)
DATE OF BIRTH 1014
DATE OF DEATH 1063