List of Welsh rulers
Until the conquest of Wales by the English King Edward I in 1283, the country consisted of independent principalities. The most important of these were the kingdoms of Gwynedd , Powys , Deheubarth (originally Seisyllwg and Dyfed ), Brycheiniog and Morgannwg (originally from Gwent and Glywysing ). Due to constant border changes, few princes can claim to have ruled over (almost) all of Wales; those who wielded power over much of the country are shown in bold in the following list .
Deheubarth
- Howell the Good (920-950)
- Owain ap Hywel (950–986) (son of the previous) the principality was for a time between him and his brothers
- Rhodri ap Hywel (950-953) and
- Edwin ap Hywel (950-954) shared
- Maredudd ab Owain (986–999) (son of Owain ap Hywel)
- Cynan ap Hywel, Prince of Gwynedd (999-1005)
- Edwin from Einion (1005-1018) (nephew of Maredudd from Owain) ruled together with his brother
- Cadell from Einion (1005-1018)
- Llywelyn ap Seisyll, Prince of Gwynedd (1018-1023)
- Rhydderch ap Iestyn, Prince of Gwent (1023-1033)
- Hywel from Edwin (1033-1044) (son of Edwin from Einion)
- Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (1047-1055) (son of Rhydderch ap Iestyn)
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn , Lord of Gwynedd (1055-1063)
- Maredudd from Owain from Edwin (1063-1072) (nephew of Hywel from Edwin)
- Rhys from Owain from Edwin (1072-1078) (brother of the previous)
- Rhys ap Tewdwr (1078-1093) (2nd cousin of the previous one)
Deheubarth was owned by the Normans from 1093 to 1155
- Gruffydd ap Rhys (1116–1137) (son of Rhys ap Tewdwr) ruled part of Deheubarth with the permission of the Normans
- Anarawd ap Gruffydd (1136–1143) (son of Gruffydd ap Rhys)
- Cadell ap Gruffydd (1143–1151) (brother of his predecessor)
- Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1151–1155) (half-brother of his two predecessors)
- Lord Rhys (Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1155–1197) (brother of his predecessor)
- Gruffydd ap Rhys (1197-1201) (son of Rhys ap Gruffydd) ruled for a time with his brother
- Maelgwyn ap Rhys (1199-1230) fought with his brother for rule
- Rhys Gryg (Rhys the Husky, son of Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1216–1234)
From 1234 to 1283 Deheubarth was subject to the Prince of Gwynedd
- Rhys Mechyll (1234-1244) (son of Rhys the Husky) ruled part of Deheubarth
- Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) (brother of Rhys Mechyll) ruled part of Deheubarth
- Rhys ap Maredudd (1271-1283) (son of Maredudd ap Rhys) ruled part of Deheubarth
Gwynedd
- Cunedda Wledig ap Edern ( Cunedda the Emperor ) (about 450-460)
- Einion Yrth ap Cunedda ( Einion of the impetuous ) (about 470-480)
- Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion ( Cadwallon Longhand ) (about 500-520)
- Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon ( Maelgwn the Great ) (about 520-549)
- Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn ( Rhun the Great ) (about 549-580)
- Beli ap Rhun (about 580-599)
- Iago ap Beli (about 599–613)
- Cadfan ap Iago (about 613–625)
- Cadwallon ap Cadfan (about 625-634)
- Cadfael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw ( Cadfael the Aviator ) (634 – about 655)
- Cadwaladr Fendigaid ap Cadwallon ( Cadwallader the Blessed ) (about 655–682)
- Idwal Iwrch ap Cadwaladr ( Idwal Roebuck ) (about 682-720)
- Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal ( Rhodri the Bald and Gray ) (about 720–754)
- Caradog ap Meirion (about 754–798)
- Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri (about 798-816)
- Hywel Farf-Fehinog from Caradog ( Howell Fettbart ) (816–825)
- Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad ( Merfyn the Freckled, Son of Gwriad) (825–844)
- Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn ( Rhodri the Great ) (844–878)
- Anarawd ap Rhodri (878-916)
- Idwal Foel ap Anarawd ( Idwal the Bald ) (916–942)
- Hywel Dda ap Cadell ( Howell the Good ) (942–950)
- Iago from Idwal (950–979)
- Ieuaf from Idwal (950–969)
- Hywel ap Ieuaf (974-985)
- Cadwallon ap Ieuaf (985-986)
- Maredudd from Owain (986–999)
- Cynan ap Hywel (999-1005)
- Llywelyn ap Seisyll (1005-1023)
- Iago ap Idwal ap Meurig (1023-1039)
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1039-1063)
- Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (1063-1075)
- Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (1063-1070)
- Trahern ap Caradog (1075-1081)
- Gruffydd ap Cynan (1081–1137)
- Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd (1137-1170)
- Maelgwn from Owain (1170–1173)
- Dafydd from Owain Gwynedd (1170–1195) (in the east)
- Rhodri from Owain Gwynedd (1170–1190) (in the west)
- Llywelyn Fawr ap Iorwerth ( Llywelyn the Great ) (1195-1240)
- Dafydd ap Llywelyn (1240-1246)
- Llywelyn A Llyw Olaf ap Gruffydd ( Llywelyn the Last ) (1246–1282)
- Owain Goch ap Gruffydd (1246-1255)
- Dafydd ap Gruffydd (1282-1283)
See also: House Gwynedd
Morgannwg
- Morgan the Old (Morgan Hen or Morgan ab Owain) (930–974) united the earlier kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing under the name Morgannwg in 942 . However, this disintegrated again shortly after his death. The individual empires remained independent until 1055.
Glywysing
- Owain ap Morgan (974 – ca. 983) (son of Morgan the Old)
- other sons of Morgan the Old (reign unknown)
- Rhys ab Owain (approx. 990 - approx. 1000) (son of Owain ap Morgan) ruled Glywysing together with his brothers
- Hywel from Owain (approx. 990 – approx. 1043) and
- Iestyn from Owain (approx. 990 – approx. 1015)
- Rhydderch ap Iestyn (approx. 1015-1033) (brother of Iestyn from Owain)
- Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (1033-1055) (son of Rhydderch ap Iestyn)
Gwent
- Nowy ap Gwriad ruled Gwent (approx. 950 - approx. 970) while Glywysing was ruled jointly by Owain ap Morgan's brothers (reign unknown)
- Arthfael ap Nowy (approx. 970–983) (son of Nowy ap Gwriad)
- Rhodri ap Elisedd (983 – ca. 1015) (cousin of Arthfael ap Nowy) ruled together with his brother
- Gruffydd ap Elisedd (983 – ca. 1015)
- Edwyn ap Gwriad (1015-1045) (cousin of Gruffydd ap Elisedd?)
- Meurig ap Hywel (1045-1055) (son of Hywel from Owain) ruled together with his son
- Cadwgan ap Meurig (1045-1074), who was with
- Caradog ap Gruffydd (1063-1081) (son of Gruffydd ap Rhydderch) ruled .
- Iestyn ap Gwrgan (1081-1091)
Iestyn was the last ruler of an independent Morgannwg, which was then owned by the Normans and was again called Glamorgan .
Powys
Rhodri the Great (Rhodri Mawr) King of Gwynedd, inherited the Powys Kingdom from his maternal uncle in 854 and united it with the Gwynedd Kingdom in 855, where his descendants ruled until 1063. However, Powys retained its autonomy.
- Elisedd ap Gwylog (725-755)
- Brochfael ap Elisedd (755–773), son of his predecessor
- Cadell ap Brochfael (773–808), son of his predecessor
- Cyngen ap Cadell (808–854), son of his predecessor
- Rhodri the Great (Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn Frych) (854–878), maternal nephew of his predecessor
- Merfyn ap Rhodri (878–900), son of his predecessor
- Llywelyn ap Merfyn (900–942), son of his predecessor
- Hywel Dda (Hywel ap Cadell) (942–950) King of Deheubarth, usurped the throne of Powys.
- Owain ap Hywel (950–986), son of his predecessor
- Maredudd ap Owain (986–999), son of his predecessor
- Llywelyn ap Seisyll (999-1023), son-in-law of his predecessor
- Rhydderch ap Iestyn (1023-1033), king of Glywysing
- Iago ap Idwal (1033-1039), king of Gwynedd
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1039-1063), son of Llywelyn ap Seisyll
- Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (1063-1075), maternal grandson of Maredudd ap Owain
- Madog ap Bleddyn (1075-1088), son of his predecessor
- Iorwerth ap Bleddyn (1088–1103), brother of his predecessor, ruled together with his brother
- Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1088-1111)
- Owain ap Cadwgan (1111–1116), son of his predecessor Cadwgan ap Bleddyn
- Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1116–1132), uncle of his predecessor
- Madog ap Maredudd (1132–1160), son of his predecessor
In 1160 the Powys Kingdom was divided into a southern part, Powys Wenwynwyn, and a northern part, Powys Fadog.
Powys Fadog
- Gruffydd Maelor I (1160–1191), son of Madog ap Maredudd, ruled only northern Powys
- Owain ap Gruffydd Maelor (1191–1197), son of Gruffydd Maelor, ruled northern Powys with his brother
- Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor (1191-1236)
- Gruffydd Maelor ap Madog (1236-1269), son of Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor
Powys Wenwynwyn
- Owain Cyfeiliog (1160–1195), nephew of Madog ap Maredudd
- Gwenwynwyn ap Owain (1195-1216), son of his predecessor
- Llywelyn the Great , Lord of Gwynedd (1216-1240)
- Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn (1240-1286), son of Gwenwynwyn ap Owain