Hammadids

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Empire of the Hammadids (around 1050)

The Hammadids ( Arabic بنو حماد, DMG Banū Ḥammād , Berber ⴰⵢⵜ ⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ At Ḥemmad ) were a Berber- Muslim dynasty ruling from 1015 to 1152 in north-eastern Algeria , whose territory largely corresponds to the area of ​​today's Kabylia .

history

The empire of the Hammadids was founded in 1014 by Hammad ibn Buluggin (ruled 1014-1028), a relative of the ruling Zirid in Ifrīqiya , Badis ibn Ziri (ruled 995-1016). With the declaration of independence, the Abbasids were recognized as legitimate caliphs . There were battles with the Zirids, but they could not subjugate the Hammadids again and had to recognize their independence (1018).

As a result of the weakening of the Zirids by the invasion of the Bedouin tribe of the Banu Hilal after 1051, there was a brief upswing of the empire; in addition, refugees from Ifriqiya settled in Algeria . In 1063 an invasion of Sicily failed . At about the same time, the Hilal Bedouins made the Hammadid kingdom unsafe, so that the capital al-Qala had to be relocated to Bejaia on the Mediterranean coast in 1062 . There, in addition to sea trade, piracy also gained economic importance. Although the made were by using the Banu Hilal Morocco derived Almoravide (1080) stopped and their captures be limited to western Algeria, but the Bedouins were not permanently controllable, so that the decline of the kingdom started until it in the 1152 of the Almohad was subjected .

meaning

The importance of the Hammadids can be seen above all in the fact that they founded the independent state development in the central Maghreb and were able to successfully assert themselves against the Zirids in Tunisia and the Almoravids in Morocco . Among them, the coastal cities became increasingly important as the hinterland was controlled by the restless Bedouin tribes.

Ruler

Minaret and mosque ruins of the al-Qala fortress

literature

  • Ulrich Haarmann : History of the Arab World. Edited by Heinz Halm . 4th revised and expanded edition. CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 ( Beck's historical library ).
  • Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .