Battle of Carham
The battle took place here on the Tweed
| date | 1016 or 1018 |
|---|---|
| place | am Tweed (at Carham near Coldstream ) |
| output | Scottish victory |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
|
Kingdom of England |
Kingdom of Scotland - Kingdom of Strathclyde |
| Commander | |
|
Eadwulf Cudel - Huctred, son of Waldef |
Malcolm II of Scotland - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda
|
The Battle of Carham took place near Carham Manor in 1016 or 1018 between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Little Kingdom of Northumbria (as part of England). The exact year is unclear, but various indications speak more for 1016 than for 1018. (Occasionally there is also talk of the "Battle of Coldstream", after the nearby town of Coldstream .)
The outcome was a victory for Malcolm II of Scotland (Gaelic: Máel Coluim (II) mac Cináeda), also known as Malcolm son of Cyneth, king of Scots - Owain the Bald, King of Strathclyde , over Eadwulf Cudel - Huctred, son of Waldef, earl of the Northumbrians .
The main cause of the battle was disputes over the Lothian region .
Scottish historians speak of the fact that Lothian has only belonged to Scotland since this battle, while others (including Marjorie O. Anderson) assume that the English King Edgar Lothian in 973 the Scottish King Kenneth II (Gaelic: Cináed (II) mac Maíl Coluim).
In English sources, the Battle of Carham is not given much importance. Historians such as GWS Barrow , however, believe that English chroniclers only recorded the separation from Lothian as an acknowledgment of the long-standing status quo by the mighty but distant English king in the south.
Control over this south-eastern part of Scotland remained intact, and kings like Canute or William the Conqueror did not try to bring this area under their constant control.
After the Battle of Carham, most of Scotland was under the control of the Scottish kings, although the Vikings could still hold their own in Ross-shire , Caithness , Sutherland , and the Outer Hebrides . The Lords of Galloway were able to maintain a certain independence. Scotland or Scotia was only the area north of the Forth and the Clyde ; it was not until the time of King Davit I (Dabíd (I) mac Maíl Choluim) that the population in the southeastern parts of the kingdom began to regard themselves as Scots. He himself still referred to these people from Lothian as English in his own documents.
literature
- AAM Dunham: The Battle of Carham . In: The Scottish Historical Preview , - Vol. 53, No. 159, Part 1, pp. 20-28; Edinburgh University Press 1976, JSTOR 25529144
Coordinates: 55 ° 38 ′ 13 ″ N , 2 ° 19 ′ 15 ″ W.