Zeil am Main

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Zeil a.Main
Zeil am Main
Map of Germany, position of the city of Zeil a.Main highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′  N , 10 ° 36 ′  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Franconia
County : Hatred Mountains
Height : 230 m above sea level NHN
Area : 35.71 km 2
Residents: 5624 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 157 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 97475
Area code : 09524
License plate : HAS, EBN, GEO , HOH
Community key : 09 6 74 221
LOCODE : DE ZEI
City structure: 7 districts

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 8
97475 Zeil a.Main
Website : www.zeil-am-main.de
Mayor : Thomas Stadelmann ( SPD )
Location of the city of Zeil a.Main in the Haßberge district
Ermershausen Maroldsweisach Pfarrweisach Untermerzbach Bundorf Ebern Rentweinsdorf Burgpreppach Aidhausen Riedbach Hofheim in Unterfranken Kirchlauter Breitbrunn (Unterfranken) Ebelsbach Stettfeld Eltmann Oberaurach Königsberg in Bayern Gädheim Haßfurt Zeil am Main Sand am Main Theres Wonfurt Rauhenebrach Knetzgau Thüringen Thüringen Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Lichtenfels Bamberg Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld Landkreis Bad Kissingen Landkreis Schweinfurtmap
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View of Zeil am Main
District of Sechsthal

Zeil am Main (officially: Zeil a.Main ) is a town in the Lower Franconian district of Haßberge . Sights of the city include the market square with the old half-timbered houses and the witch's tower, the medieval city ​​fortifications with the city tower, the Schmachtenberg castle ruins in the vineyards, the pilgrimage church "Zeiler Käppele" on the Kapellenberg or the many small "moat gardens" (allotment gardens) along the old city wall. Furthermore, the city is well known for the local beer and Franconian wine.

geography

location

Zeil am Main is located in the Main-Rhön region (Bavarian planning region 3) , about 27 km east of Schweinfurt and 25 km west of Bamberg . The Haßberge and Steigerwald nature parks border in the north and south .

The Franconian Marienweg leads through Zeil am Main .

City structure

The area is divided into seven districts (population in brackets):

The districts Bischofsheim, Bischofsheimer Forst-Nordost, Bischofsheimer Forst-Südwest, Krum, Schmachtenberg, Sechsthal, Zeil am Main and Ziegelanger exist.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (clockwise from the north): Königsberg in Bavaria , Kirchlauter , Ebelsbach , Eltmann , Sand am Main , Knetzgau and Haßfurt .

history

Zeil am Main municipality flag

Traces of early settlement

The first evidence of settlement in the area around Zeil comes from the Tardenoisia (approx. 6000–4000 BC), these are round scrapers, spear, arrowheads and harpoon teeth that were found on the Kapellenberg and the “Steinerner Herd” area west of the City were found. The resulting microliths are made of flint and between two and four  cm in diameter. From the time of the Corded Ware culture, a 10.5 cm long Bootsaxt was found in a residential building construction. Various pottery shards from the Bronze and Iron Ages were found in the Zeiler districts. In the 1970s, during construction work in the “Hintere Harth” corridor, a cylinder neck pot with various fluting was found that contained the remains of an approximately 25-year-old woman from the urnfield era . The grave goods included the remains of a necklace made of bronze spirals and a roller needle, also made of bronze, which may have served as a garment clasp. The remains were examined and dated by Christian Pescheck .

The beginnings as a stately large farm

Zeil was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1018. Curtis Zilin , a large agricultural farm belonging to the Margraves of Schweinfurt , was acquired by Heinrich II and, at the request of Bishop Eberhard I of Bamberg, was given to Michelsberg Monastery in Bamberg in 1018 . After the death of Heinrich II, Eberhard I entered into a barter deal with the Benedictine monks of the monastery. He got the large farm, the monastery received from Eberhard a total of 36 farms in Ebelsfeld , Wonfurt and Ermersdorf (in the Upper Palatinate ). The bishop installed a ministerial on the estate surrounded by the Würzburg monastery to represent his interests. In 1132 such a ministerial officer of the bishop was first mentioned in a document, "Friedrich de Zile". A residential building, first mentioned in 1142, registered as the property of Otto von Bamberg , was made available by Otto's successor Egilbert to Countess Chuniza von Giech after her marriage to Poppo I von Andechs was separated and transferred to Michelfeld Monastery in 1196 . The first church building in Zeil probably dates from this time, very simple according to the rural conditions, but already with a church tower. The church was dedicated to Johannes Baptista . The adjacent cemetery was surrounded by a stone wall. In 1250 Castrum Zilanum , Zeil Castle on the Kapellenberg, was first mentioned in a document. Bishop Heinrich I von Bilversheim handed the castle over to Ludwig de Rotenhagen “as a pledge for money borrowed” . The castle consisted of two courtyards and was about 120 meters long and 130 meters wide in the eastern part. It included a knight's house, two houses and a chapel. In the upper courtyard, which probably served as a farmyard, there was a tall tower. In 1954, remnants of sandstone walls 90 centimeters thick were found during construction work, forming a semicircle five meters in diameter open to the west.

From the manor to the city

Marketplace in Zeil

In 1348 finished Urbar of Friedrich I von Hohenlohe is mentioned that Zeil at this time 26 yards and 40 Sölden had, but it included only 12 yards and 27 Sölden the Bishopric of Bamberg. According to conservative estimates, the population was around 250 at that time. In 1379, Bishop Lamprecht von Brunn wrote a letter to the citizens of Zeil to allow them to build a wall around their settlement. Furthermore, he granted freedom of Fronleistungen from Weisathzahlungen and the establishment of a city court. In 1397 King Wenceslas allowed the Zeilers three market days, in 1447 a fourth market day was granted. In the meantime, Zeil had a town hall built in the Gothic style , in which six councilors, the lord mayor and the sub-mayor performed their duties. Around and after 1400 there was brisk construction activity in Zeil. In addition to the city wall with the two towers, the town hall and the Anna chapel, the Holy Cross chapel was built in front of the city on the road towards Bamberg. From 1540 the town hall was increased. In the Second Margrave War in 1554, Schmachtenberg Castle , which had replaced the now-abandoned Zeil Castle, was devastated after Zeil and Schmachtenberg initially got away unscathed. After a presentation of the surveyor Peter Zweidler of 1598 were among Zeil an unused prison as digester and a hospice that than in disease-free periods poorhouse served. From a letter from Prince-Bishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn dated March 1, 1694, it emerges that the people of Zeil had the right to have a schoolmaster for "unimaginable years". Council files from 1599 have survived, in which reference is made to the application of an Engelhard Wedell from Gädheim for the office of schoolmaster. It is not known exactly when the first school was founded in Zeil. According to data from the Gesellschaft für Leprakunde (Society for Leprosy), there was a medieval leprosy in Zeil, which is known as a “Siechhaus”, but it cannot be located more precisely.

Witch trials

Between 1616 and 1631, a disproportionate number of witch trials were carried out in Zeil compared with the number of inhabitants, and the accused were subsequently executed or burned. The minutes of the council meetings of that time show that new guardians for children whose parents were executed had to be determined in almost every meeting . The pyre burned for the first time in Zeil on November 26, 1616. Nine women were first beheaded and then burned. 13 months later, in December 1617, the future mayor of Zeil, Johann Langhans, reported nine fires that year, in which 43 people were executed. The beginning of the Thirty Years' War stopped the witch trials in Zeil until 1626. On October 15, 1626, five citizens accused of witchcraft died, on November 10, four others, including Zeil councilors Konrad Oerter and Konrad Merklein, who were arrested on October 8 and accused of witchcraft. At the end of 1626, Langhans counted 35 accused or already convicted people. In his diary, the mayor reported 92 victims in 1627. Since April 1627, the Bamberg accused were also brought to the Zeil prison, where they were interrogated, tortured and executed. The Holy Cross Chapel was renovated with the money of the executed. After the first trials, a new organ was purchased that cost 550 guilders . Of this, 200 guilders were withdrawn from the property of the executed. The chronicle of the mayor Johann Langhans breaks off in February 1628 when he himself was accused of witchcraft. The 35-year-old Langhans confessed to the union with the devil after being treated with a thumb stick and the Spanish boot and was executed. According to his chronicle, he was the 138th victim of the Zeil witch trials. In the next two years, more than 160 executions of maleficent persons took place. The witch trials were not finally over until 1631, when the Swedish army stood before Zeil. Today it is assumed that more than 400 people were burned as witches and warlocks in Zeil.

Zeil in the Thirty Years War

In the city of Zeil there were initially no major effects of the war, only troop movements and their consequences had to be accepted. Despite a protest letter from the Bamberg and Würzburg bishops to the emperor in 1627, the Franconian rural population was still affected by the marching through of the troops two years later, harassed by soldiers and had to accept cattle and wine theft without being able to complain. In autumn 1631 Zeil was taken by the Swedish colonel Claus Hastver and suffered heavy looting as a result. The city had to meet Hastver's demands for money of 9,320 Reichstalers , which she apparently found difficult, because in November 1631 Hastver again energetically demanded the money. The colonel had the twelve people still alive who were accused of witchcraft removed from the prisons and sent home. The following years were marked by troop movements, looting and food shortages. In 1634 the plague broke out, which had caused many deaths in Zeil as early as 1630. For the next two years, the city suffered from poor harvests and increasing hunger, the plague, and the lingering effects of the war. In 1636 the population was more than halved, the church no longer had a clergyman, so that the deceased mayor had to be buried by the schoolmaster. The city and its residents only slowly recovered from the aftermath of the war. From 1650 onwards there was more construction, for example a renaissance half-timbered house by Jörg Hofmann (Hauptstraße 3) in 1689 .

After the war

From 1695 Lothar Franz von Schönborn had an early baroque hunting lodge built in Zeil , which was completed in 1705. The building material used included stones from the ruins of Schmachtenberg Castle . The complex is horseshoe-shaped with two double-storey longitudinal wings and one transverse wing, which is three-storey due to the hillside location. In 1713 the old parish church was torn down except for the choir vault and church tower and rebuilt. The construction was completed in 1732. Jörg Hofmann carved the cheeks for prayer around 1720, the ceiling painting was done by Johann Peter Herrlein .

About 800 inhabitants can be deduced from a note from 1731 about the duty to pay the guard . At that time there were seven wells, three wheel wells and two swivel wells, as well as two more that are not described further. The increasing prosperity was slowed by a cattle epidemic in 1730, which tore large gaps in the livestock. In 1739 and 1740 crop failures followed and inflation developed . In 1742 another cattle epidemic raged across Franconia . In this context, a pharmacy in Zeil was first mentioned in a document. The city continued to grow and on the basis of a list for the episcopal caste office of the number of chimneys for which a fee was due in each case, a significantly increased population of around 1000 in an estimated 250 families was calculated for the 1740s.

French Revolution and transition to Bavaria

In July 1796 fighting broke out in the Main Valley between the French revolutionary army under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and Austrian associations. A hospital was set up in Zeil and there was lively traffic between the Austrian field bakery in Hallstadt and Zeil. When the French troops pushed towards Nuremberg, the German units withdrew and Zeil was taken by the French on August 2, 1796. There were no more serious fighting. The French soon moved on in the direction of Bamberg and only came back to Zeil for one night on their retreat after the defeat at Amberg .

In 1803, through secularization , Zeil fell to the Electorate of Bavaria and was now part of the Wittelsbach family . Only two years later the area was separated from Bavaria as part of the Peace of Pressburg and from 1805 belonged to the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand of Salzburg-Toscana . In 1806, Zeil once again hosted French troops, part of Napoleon's Prussian campaign. The boarding and lodging cost the city of Zeil 2141 guilders and 32 kreuzers , which forced the city leaders to take out a loan of 1865 guilders. In 1813 Napoleon again led his troops to Germany and French troops again sought quarters in Zeil. Until November 1815, various troop units repeatedly stopped in the city and the surrounding area, for example from May 25 to June 16, 1815 the 3rd Army Division of the Imperial Russian Army . The food for the general and his staff cost the citizens of Zeil more than 407 guilders. In the summer of 1814, a large part of Franconia finally fell to the state of Bavaria.

19th century to World War I

Zeil initially gave up its town status after the end of the wars of freedom as part of the newly created municipal regulations and became a rural municipality, but retained market rights . Due to the decimated administration, rooms in the town hall became vacant, into which the school temporarily moved. In 1825 189 children were taught by two teachers in two classes. Likewise, in accordance with the new municipal regulations, the Schönborn'sche Jagdschloss, which only served as such for a short time, was converted from the caste office into a royal tax office in 1818 . From 1852 Zeil was connected to the rail network, the train initially only went to Bamberg or Schweinfurt, the line further in the direction of Würzburg was expanded. Around this time there were lively craft and first industrial businesses in Zeil. The Zeiler worked in the surrounding quarries, there was a paper mache factory and potash was collected, possibly destined for the glassworks in Neuschleichach . At the end of the 1880s, a large weaving mill for the Erba stock corporation was built on the railway line, which in 1895 employed 185 people. By 1900, Erba had built two residential buildings with a total of 30 apartments for its employees in the immediate vicinity of the factory on Sander Strasse. In 1912 the first chain ships passed Zeil, called Maakuh (Mainkuh). After the First World War , the city lost 50 people, nine of them from Schmachtenberg and 17 from Ziegelanger.

World War II and post-war period

In 1927 the NSDAP local group was founded in Zeil . During the Second World War, Zeil was temporarily used as a hostel for people fleeing the bombed cities, especially in the Ruhr area. Spark plugs were then made in the weaving mill. The Main Valley was bombed for the first time in August 1940, and the planes tried to destroy the railway line near Ebelsbach . Zeil then tightened the regulations on night-time blackout. Individual citizens of Zeil lost their lives in the bombing of the surrounding villages and towns and the Würzburg – Bamberg railway line, but Zeil itself only fell victim to a bomb attack once. On April 10, 1945, the crew of a reconnaissance plane first shot at a crowd gathered in front of the Göller brewery . A youth was slightly injured. Around 6 p.m., five to six American planes dropped stick and phosphor bombs over Zeil. Two people were injured in the attack and around 70 buildings were partially or completely destroyed. At noon on April 12, members of the Volkssturm blew up the Main Bridge between Zeil and Sand am Main in view of the approaching American associations . The American artillery covered the city with scattered fire. A Polish forced laborer and a German soldier were killed. The grenades caused further damage to residential and outbuildings. On the afternoon of April 12th, the city was handed over to the Americans by the mayor. The city counted a total of 210 dead or missing citizens of Zeil.

In October 1946 the rebuilt Main Bridge was opened to traffic, and in the late summer of 1959 construction began on the sugar factory , which at times employed between 1000 and 2000 people. Milewski-Möbelwerk Zeil KG, which opened in 1965, employed over 300 people in 1969. In 1965, the city of Zeil laid out a new burial site with the Hainfriedhof. In the same year, the construction work on the 1.6 million DM high school was completed.

The sugar factory ceased operations in 2001, was partially dismantled in 2004 and reopened in Azerbaijan .

population

Population development

Population development from 1350 to 2014

The population of the city of Zeil am Main has remained constant in recent years. The population numbers before 1840 result from documents and documents that have been received or are estimates.

year Residents proof
around 1350 about 250
1731 about 800
1840 2233
1871 2395
1900 2689
1925 3190
1939 3591
1950 4964
year Residents proof
1961 5297
1970 5942
1987 5684
1991 6019
1995 6156
1999 6062
2002 6025
2005 5924
year Residents proof
2008 5726
2011 5574
2014 5575
2016 5594
2017 5564

Incorporations

The first place to be incorporated was Bischofsheim on January 1st, 1968, followed by Ziegelanger on July 1st, 1971. On January 1st, 1972 Schmachtenberg became part of the town of Zeil. Krum and Sechsthal followed on January 1, 1978.

  • Districts

  • Krum

  • Bischofsheim

  • Schmachtenberg

  • Sechsthal

  • Ziegelanger

politics

City council

The local elections since 2008 resulted in the following allocation of seats in the city council:

CSU SPD ÜZL Total seats
2020 8th 6th 6th 20th
2014 8th 7th 5 20th
2008 8th 7th 5 20th

mayor

Franz Burger , Mayor from 1881 to 1906

Among the first mayors of the city of Zeil mentioned by name are among others Hans Stark, mayor around 1580 and Hans Gruber, mayor around 1600. Johann Langhans, mayor from 1623 until his death at the stake in 1628, dedicated the Zeiler A street. There are also records of the mayor Adam Oswald, who was so seriously injured in a physical attack in the early summer of 1632 that he died of the consequences that same year. In a mayor's account from 1704, Johann Stubenrauch was named mayor, who, according to the expenditure schedule, was paid 10 guilders per year for this activity . The mayor with the longest term in office, Rudolf Winkler, presided over the city for 32 years. Zeil honored Winkler with honorary citizenship and the Rudolf-Winkler-Haus, in which the city library is located.

In the mayoral election in 2010 there was a runoff between incumbent Christoph Winkler from the non-partisan Zeiler list (first ballot: 36.7%) and Thomas Stadelmann from the SPD (47.4%), after Bernhard Hager (CSU) with 15.9 % of the votes were eliminated. The challenger Stadelmann won the runoff election with 60.21%. He took office on May 1, 2010. In 2014 and 2020, he was re-elected with just under 96 and 89% of the votes, respectively, with no opposing candidates.

The city leaders since 1799
  • 1799–1805: Martin Pottler
  • 1806–1809: Kaspar Pottler
  • 1809–1818: Kaspar Zehe
  • 1818–1820: Kaspar Pottler
  • 1820–1822: Wilhelm Jungermann
  • 1822–1824: Valentin Göller
  • 1824–1829: Nikolaus Kiehl
  • 1829–1832: Heinrich Popp
  • 1832–1836: Johann Schäder
  • 1836–1844: Kaspar Zehe
  • 1844–1849: Adam Kraus
  • 1849–1862: Kaspar Jungermann
  • 1862–1881: Johann Mantel
  • 1881–1906: Franz Burger ( German Center Party )
  • 1906-1919: Adam Kraus
  • 1919–1926: Nikolaus Drebinger
  • 1926–1932: Oskar Winkler
  • 1932 – June 1937: Baptist Geisel
  • July 1937 – October 1937: Heinrich Bergmann
  • November 1937 to May 16, 1938: Josef Ehrle
  • May 17, 1938– ?: Josef Eyrich
  • ? - April 1945: M. Weinig (provisional)
  • April 1945 – October 1945: Georg Popp (CSU)
  • October 1945–1948: Michael Waldhäuser (CSU)
  • 1948–1980: Rudolf Winkler (non-partisan Zeiler list)
  • 1980–1992: Erich Geßner (CSU)
  • 1992–2010: Christoph Winkler (non-partisan Zeiler list)
  • since May 2010: Thomas Stadelmann (SPD)

Sponsorship

In 1972 the sponsorship for the expelled Sudeten Germans from the city and the district of Römerstadt in the Jeseníky Mountains was adopted.

religion

Christianity

The first Christian church building in Zeil is documented for the transition from the 12th to the 13th century. The church was consecrated to John the Baptist , at an unknown point in time the patronage was changed and since then St. Michael has been commanded. The Holy Cross Chapel on the outskirts was consecrated in 1448. On the Kapellenberg above the town there is evidence of a Chapel of Our Lady from the beginning of the 18th century. The foundation stone for today's mountain chapel was laid on Whit Monday 1894. In the course of the Reformation , many Zeiler took over the evangelical creed. The pastor at the time was a supporter of Luther, was removed from the Bishopric of Bamberg from Zeil and replaced by Heinrich Hertenstein, who was supposed to lead the citizens of Zeil back to Catholicism. Pastor Hertenstein was apparently not very clever, so that in October 1523 there was a kind of riot in Zeil, as a result of which the pastor had to be taken into protective custody. The number of members of the evangelical denomination decreased again in the following centuries, five evangelical inhabitants are recorded for the 1840s. In 1970, 4927 members of the Roman Catholic and 949 members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (including the Evangelical Free Churches) lived in Zeil.

Today, Zeil, Sand am Main, Krum and Ziegelanger form the Catholic parish community Am Weinstock Jesu. The Protestant Christians belong to the Rügheim deanery and have had their own house of worship since 1924, the Ascension Church in Zeil. In 2010 around 1,300 Protestant Christians lived in Zeil.

Judaism

The first Jewish residents are recorded for the 14th century; in 1684 they were first mentioned by name in citizens' council minutes. There was a prayer house in Speiergasse, which was replaced in 1854 by a new synagogue with a Jewish school and a ritual bath in the basement. In 1813 there were 31 Jews in the city; before the wave of emigration to America in the mid-19th century, the Jewish community in Zeil had around 70 members. In 1920 the community was dissolved and the few remaining Jews from Zeil joined the Hassfurt community. In 1938 there were still three people of Jewish faith in Zeil; at the beginning of 1942, the only remaining Jewish citizen was the cattle dealer Alfred Silbermann. Silbermann was first deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto in September 1942 and then to the Auschwitz concentration camp , where he was presumably murdered. At least six Jews who were born in Zeil or who lived there for a long time fell victim to the Holocaust . The former synagogue has been privately owned since the dissolution of the Jewish community and is now used as a residential building. A plaque on the house wall reminds of the earlier importance of the building.

Culture and sights

Museums

  • The Photo and Film Museum , opened in 1993, presented an overview of the history of film and photography on 250 m² of exhibition space. The museum existed for 25 years. In the former Caritashaus, formerly a care center for the elderly and children, over 700 cameras and more than 2500 other exhibits were shown. Young photographers and photo clubs exhibited their works in the museum's gallery. After the death of Gerhard Binder, the founder and director of the Zeiler Museum, the holdings went to the German Camera Museum in Plech in 2019
  • In November 2011 the information and documentation center on witch tracking was opened in the city tower and in the Fronhaus. The exhibition in the Zeiler Hexenturm deals with the witch hunt in Zeil and shows numerous documents on the subject, including excerpts from the diary of Mayor Johann Langhans and minutes of the interrogation of the accused.

Buildings

Jörg Hofmann House
  • Jörg Hofmann House
The Jörg-Hofmann-Haus is located at Hauptstrasse 3. The building dates from 1689, Hofmann built it for his brother-in-law, the innkeeper Hans Georg Popp. The basement is a stone building, the upper floor consists of richly decorated half-timbering. The eaves face the main street. Hofmann carved grimaceous faces into the parapets, two of the compartments are adorned with sculptural horses. The window posts were adorned with snail-shaped decorations, some with vines and grapes. At the foot of each vine there is a thrush .
  • City parish church of St. Michael
The parish church of St. Michael stands at the highest point of the gently sloping market square. The oldest parts of the church are the Gothic four-story tower and the choir . The five-button helmet that closes the tower probably dates from the 16th century. The baroque nave was built by Melchior Kurtz, an artisan from Zeil. The foundation stone shows that construction began in 1713. During the renovation of the old sacristy , which is currently used as a baptistery, which began in 1957 , Gothic frescoes and remains of frescoes were discovered. The organ stands on a two-story gallery that rests on three stone basket arches. The ceiling painting from 1761 comes from Johann Peter Herrlein . The church has four bells (C minor), including the so-called Elfuhr bell, on which the year 1379 is engraved. In 2009 a new organ was installed and consecrated.
Zeiler Käppele pilgrimage church on the Kapellenberg
  • Zeiler Käppele pilgrimage church
After Zeil Castle on the Kapellenberg fell into disrepair, a Chapel of Our Lady was built on the mountain at the beginning of the 18th century. 1862, the then parish priest led the renovation of the chapel, and two years later was crucifixion group from sandstone built. This is located west of the church building. In 1880, 14 stations of the cross were built and consecrated on the way to the mountain. After another renovation and the erection of a bell tower in 1883/1884, the chapel attracted more and more pilgrims , so that the parish priest Karl Josef Link suggested a new building in the style of Romanesque cathedrals in France. In 1888 the citizens of Zeil founded a chapel building association and began planning and financing. On May 14, 1894 Link laid the foundation stone for the new pilgrimage chapel in the neo-Romanesque style . The east-facing church has a nave and two towers. Both towers have arched windows and flank the vestibule that is open to the outside and that forms the three-arched main entrance portal. The consecration followed in May 1897. During the First and Second World Wars, the bells were confiscated and melted down. After the Second World War, the left tower, which had suffered severe damage from artillery fire during the war, and parts of the outer facade had to be renovated. In the 1950s there was another restoration and a pentagonal Lourdes grotto was added to the church. In 1993, the parish priest Östreicher initiated another extensive renovation of the interior and exterior for the centenary in 1997. The windows that were closed during the renovation in the 1950s were opened again and the cross vault in the choir room was restored.
  • Former Schönborn hunting lodge, today the seat of the tax office, which is why it is popularly referred to as the “robber baron's castle”.
The early Baroque hunting lodge, which was commissioned by Lothar Franz von Schönborn between 1695 and 1710, is a three-winged, relatively simple building. Because of the hillside location, the two longitudinal wings are two-story, the transverse wing has three floors. Leonhard Dientzenhofer is sometimes assumed to be the client, but this assumption has not been proven. The stair tower in the courtyard of the former hunting lodge probably dates from the 19th century.
  • To the old Freyung , old brewery with brewing and licensing rights since 1514
  • Historic market square Good room
  • Historic town hall (1543) with pillory and Bamberg square
  • Birthplace of Alberich Degen (Hauptstrasse 8)
  • City tower and Propstenhof
  • Schmachtenberg Castle in the Schmachtenberg district
  • Schmachtenberg Castle in the Schmachtenberg district

  • Historic town center
    with St. Michael

  • View from the city tower to the historic city center with the city parish church and the town hall

  • Medieval city fortifications and today's tax office in the background

  • Propstenhof

  • Interior view of the Propstenhof in Zeil am Main. In the 11th century it was the location of the Großhof, from which the city later developed.

  • Upper market square
    with St. Michael

  • St. Michael

  • Anna Chapel

  • Schmachtenberg Castle

Architectural monuments

Regular events

  • Since 1985, the old town wine festival has been held on the first weekend in August under the motto Fachwerk, Frohsinn, Frankenwein. instead of. The Zeiler Weinfest is frequented by tens of thousands of people every year.
  • The Zeiler Forest Marathon takes place annually in November.
  • The Abt-Degen-Lauf takes place annually in October.

Economy and Infrastructure

Zeil was hit very hard by de-industrialization . All former industrial companies closed. Employees therefore commute to Schweinfurt in particular .

Economy and Agriculture

A traditional branch of agriculture, viticulture, is still alive today in Zeil. Numerous winemakers grow their wine on the mountain slopes around the city. The Göller brewery has been brewing beer in the city since 1514.

Viticulture:

Vineyard near Ziegelanger

The area around Zeil am Main has been a wine-growing area for centuries. The first written records of wine from Zeil am Main date back to 1335. The Zeiler vineyards include Zeiler Kapellenberg, Zeiler Mönchshang, Zeiler Eulengrund, Zeiler Pfarrerspflöck'n, Ziegelangerer Ölschnabel and Krümler Himmelreich. The native Zeiler Cistercian monk and 42nd abbot of the Ebrach monastery , Alberich Degen , introduced the Silvan vine to Franconian viticulture in 1665 . In 2007, Silvaner was grown on 1,261 hectares in Franconia , making Silvaner the second most widely grown grape variety in Franconia after Müller-Thurgau . In addition to Silvaner and Müller-Thurgau, Scheurebe , Bacchus , Kerner and Riesling , among others , are grown on the Keuperböden around Zeil . Franconian red wine from Zeil is mainly made from Domina , Dornfelder and Pinot Noir .

traffic

Zeil am Main has the following transport connections:

The approximately 6000 m² port area has a 48.5 m high port crane. In addition to agricultural goods, wood is mainly loaded, and quarry stones were one of the main commercial goods until the quarries were abandoned. At the beginning of the 21st century, the annual throughput amounted to 80,000–90,000 tons per year.

Public facilities

  • Indoor swimming pool (built 1974), closed since August 1, 2019
  • The city library in the Rudolf-Winkler-Haus on the school premises has a stock of more than 17,000 books, plus audio CD and DVD.

Recreational facilities

The only cinema in the Haßberge district is located in Zeil, the "Capitol Theater", with space for 130 spectators. The city of Zeil operates an indoor pool with a 25-meter pool and an outdoor area with a sunbathing area. There is also an adventure playground with an adjacent skate track, and the Bischofsheim district has a swimming lake with a barbecue area. Two of the Zeiler restaurants offer bowling alleys. The city of Zeil and the local sports clubs have three sports halls. The tennis club has several courts.

education

There is a primary and a middle school in Zeil (school year 2011/2012: 117 students). Both schools offer lunch care. There is a Catholic (125 places) and a Protestant (50 places) kindergarten, both with a day nursery. A music school has been located in Zeil since 1955 . The Volkshochschule Haßfurt operates a branch in the city.

Personalities

Grave slab of the Cistercian abbot Alberich Degen, who was born in Zeil, in the Ebrach monastery

Honorary citizen

The honorary citizenship is the highest municipal award of the city of Zeil am Main. The award is made by resolution of the city ​​council to personalities who have made extraordinary contributions to the well-being of the city and its citizens. There are no privileges associated with the honor. Since 1899, honorary citizenship has been granted to at least eight people.

  1. Karl Josef Link (* 1844 in Amorbach ; † May 30, 1903 in Zeil)
    Parish priest of Zeil from 1882 to 1903, builder of the Zeiler Käppeles
    Honorary citizenship granted on December 24, 1899
  2. Hugo Speth (* 1873 in Donauwörth ; † 1956)
    Pharmacist, founder of the Beautification Association
    Honorary citizenship granted on July 30, 1930
  3. Bernhard Rüdenauer (born May 12, 1882 in Bad Mergentheim ; † November 5, 1956 in Haßfurt )
    Parish priest of Zeil from 1936 to 1956
    Honorary citizenship granted on August 17, 1946
  4. Adora Baumbach , SDR (born February 18, 1894 in Schweinfurt ; † July 17, 1967)
    Member of the "Congregation of the Daughters of the Most Holy Redeemer" in Würzburg. From 1926 to 1967 she worked as a teacher at the primary school in Zeil.
    Honorary citizenship awarded on October 21, 1963
  5. Josef Gaßner (born December 14, 1899; †?)
    Teacher and director at the Zeil elementary school from 1921 to 1965
    Honorary citizenship awarded on Easter 1970
  6. Rudolf Winkler (born April 24, 1919 - † July 17, 1983)
    Mayor from 1948 to 1980
  7. Heinrich Schneier (born December 21, 1925)
    Local politician, MdL
  8. Alfred Östreicher (* 1938 in Peißenberg )
    Parish priest of Zeil from 1988 to 2005
    Honorary citizenship awarded in 2005

sons and daughters of the town

People who work or worked in the city

  • Jörg Hofmann (around 1660–1714), carpenter and carver, built the Jörg-Hofmann-Haus in Hauptstrasse and designed the church stalls in St. Michael
  • Albert Meyer (* 1926), politician, from 1963 to 1970 head of the tax office in Zeil am Main
  • Joseph Quy Lam Cong (* 1975), Roman Catholic theologian and university professor, spent part of his childhood in Zeil am Main

literature

  • Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, 3rd edition. Published by: City of Zeil am Main, 1986.
  • Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, publisher: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, OCLC 631677069 .

Web links

Commons : Zeil am Main  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Zeil am Main  - travel guide
Wikisource: Zeil am Main in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Schmachtenberg district in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de , accessed on October 25, 2011
  3. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 16.
  4. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 258.
  5. ↑ Erich von Guttenberg : The formation of territories on the Obermain. Bamberg, 1927, p. 97.
  6. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 31.
  7. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 38.
  8. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 44.
  9. ^ A b Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 45.
  10. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, pp. 154/155.
  11. ↑ see Medieval leprosories in today's Bavaria, without further details of place and year, accessed May 8, 2017 ( Memento of February 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 178.
  13. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 179.
  14. ^ Witches Documentation Center on the homepage of the city of Zeil am Main, accessed on March 2, 2011.
  15. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 187.
  16. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 207.
  17. ↑ Overview of architectural monuments on hassberge.de, accessed on March 2, 2011.
  18. ↑ Ludwig Leisentritt: A walk through Zeil ( memento from December 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 2, 2011.
  19. ↑ a b c Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, pp. 259 and 262.
  20. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 277.
  21. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, pp. 12-14.
  22. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 29.
  23. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 37.
  24. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 44.
  25. ↑ a b Homepage of the Zeil am Main tax office ( memento from June 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 3, 2011.
  26. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 51.
  27. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 53.
  28. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 72.
  29. ↑ Chain shipping on the Main ( Memento of July 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) FITG-Journal , pp. 13–19; Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  30. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 144.
  31. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 1975, pp. 181-186.
  32. ^ A b Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 192.
  33. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 197.
  34. ^ A b Ludwig Leisentritt: The historical development of the city of Zeil am Main ( Memento from November 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 8, 2011.
  35. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 230.
  36. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 244.
  37. ↑ Cooking pots on the way to Azerbaijan ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), article from June 3, 2004 on swex.de, accessed on March 3, 2011.
  38. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r statistik.bayern.de (PDF) accessed on March 3, 2011.
  39. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 759 .
  40. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  41. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  42. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 479 .
  43. ↑ structural data, section story on zeil-am-main.de; Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  44. ↑ Local elections 2020 in the city of Zeil a.Main - overview. Retrieved March 16, 2020 .
  45. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, pp. 198/199.
  46. ^ Official final result of the runoff election (PDF) accessed on March 3, 2011.
  47. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 81.
  48. ↑ a b c d List of mayors on the non-partisan Zeiler List ( memento from September 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 3, 2011.
  49. ^ A b c d Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 172.
  50. ↑ http://www.csu-zeil.de/docs/festschrift.pdf (link not available)
  51. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 79.
  52. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Erwin Marquardt, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 1, editor: City of Zeil am Main, 3rd edition. 1986, p. 109.
  53. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 52.
  54. ↑ Ludwig Leisentritt: A walk through Zeil ( memento from December 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), section Himmelfahrtskirche, accessed on March 7, 2011.
  55. ↑ Evangelical Parish Zeil am Main ( memento from October 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) on the homepage of the Rügheim dean's office, accessed on March 7, 2011.
  56. ↑ a b The synagogue in Zeil am Main on alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on March 5, 2011.
  57. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 170.
  58. ^ Entry on Alfred Silbermann from Zeil in the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny 1933–1945 on the homepage of the Federal Archives, accessed on March 5, 2011.
  59. ↑ Photo Museum. Zeil am Main.de, accessed on March 19, 2017 .
  60. ↑ http://www.kameramuseum.de/index.htm
  61. ↑ zeiler-hexenturm.de , accessed on February 24, 2012.
  62. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, pp. 295/296.
  63. ^ Photograph from the 1950s , accessed March 6, 2011.
  64. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, pp. 309-318.
  65. ↑ Ludwig Leisentritt: A walk through Zeil ( Memento from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), section Käppele, accessed on March 7, 2011.
  66. ^ Wine festival on the homepage of the city of Zeil am Main, accessed on March 27, 2011.
  67. ↑ see the homepage of the Altstadt-Weinfest, accessed May 8, 2017
  68. ↑ Statistics 2007 ( Memento from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 454 kB), German Wine Institute, accessed on March 7, 2011.
  69. ↑ Types of wine on the Abt-Degen-Steig (PDF) accessed on March 7, 2011.
  70. ↑ stadtwerke-zeil.de ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 14, 2011.
  71. ^ Official homepage of the city of Zeil am Main , section library, accessed on March 5, 2011.
  72. ↑ Homepage of the Zeil-Sand secondary school , accessed on March 5, 2011.
  73. ^ Official homepage of the city of Zeil am Main , section Music School, accessed on March 5, 2011.
  74. ↑ Hermann Mauer, Josef Barth, Konrad Hamm, Josef Gaßner, Rudolf Winkler: Chronicle of the city of Zeil am Main. Volume 2, editor: Stadt Zeil am Main, 1975, p. 263.
  75. ↑ Heinrich Schneier's 85th birthday , article in the Zeiler Nachrichten of January 13, 2011.
  76. ↑ http://www.bistum-wuerzburg.de/bwo/dcms/sites/bistum/lebensphasen/jugend/bdkj/alle-bistumsnachrichten.html?f_action=show&f_newsitem_id=21758 (link not available)