Chokes

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Chokes
Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)

Hermit Thrush ( Catharus guttatus )

Systematics
Subclass : New-jawed birds (Neognathae)
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
without rank: Passerida
Superfamily : Muscicapoidea
Family : Chokes
Scientific name
Turdidae
Rafinesque , 1815

The thrushes (Turdidae) are a species-rich bird family from the order of the passerine birds (Passeriformes).

The demarcation of the family from the flycatchers (Muscicapidae), which form the sister group of the thrush, has long been controversial. The Schmätzer (Saxicolinae), a subfamily of the flycatchers, used to be called "small thrushes" sometimes to the thrushes. Some authors included the thrushes as a whole in the flycatchers. For this reason, too, there are some bird species that are known in German as thrushes, but are not included in the Turdidae family.

description

Thrushes are small to medium in size. The length varies between 15 cm for smaller species such as the dwarf thrush and up to 35 cm for the giant thrush . The body weight spans a range from about 20 g to 150 g. In most species, females and males are colored the same.

Way of life

Thrushes live both on trees and on the ground. They are common. The foraging takes place mainly on the ground, but also in trees or bushes. Invertebrates ( worms , arthropods , snails ) are mostly caught there. The thrushes also eat berries , the seeds of which are then excreted undigested. This is how these plants are spread ( zoochory ). Some seeds are inhibited from germination by the intestinal fluids.

Reproduction

The thrushes belong to the free breeders . The nests are mostly cup-shaped. They are on the ground, in trees, in the bushes or in caves.

Genera and species

This family, which is widespread worldwide, includes about 20 genera , which are divided into two subfamilies. The family includes a total of around 175 species , including the blackbird ( Turdus merula ), which is widespread in Central Europe .

Subfamily Myadestinae

Grandala ( Grandala coelicolor )
  • Grandala - 1 species (the systematic position of this species is still unclear)
Masked clarino ( Myadestes melanops )

Subfamily Turdinae

  • Cataponera - 1 item
    • Black- browed thrush ( Cataponera turdoides )
Gray-throated Musendrossel ( Catharus gracilirostris )
Fruit picker thrush ( Chlamydochaera jefferyi )
Purple snapper thrush ( Cochoa purpurea )
Dama thrush ( Geokichla citrina )
Sumbawa thrush ( Geokichla dohertyi )
Wood Thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina )

Acacia throttle ( Psophocichla litsitsirupa )
  • Otocichla - 1 species (often classified in the genus Turdus ; sister taxon of Psophocichla )
  • Psophocichla - 2 species (often classified in the genus Turdus ; sister taxon of Otocichla )
  • Ridgwayia - 1 item
White-necked Thrush ( Turdus albocinctus )
Check throttle ( Turdus cardis )
Magellan Thrush ( Turdus falcklandii )
Giant thrush ( Turdus fuscater )
Soot Thrush ( Turdus nigrescens )
White-browed thrush ( Turdus obscurus )
Red- mantled thrush ( Turdus rufopalliatus )
Spectacled Thrush ( Turdus tephronotus )
Tasmanian Thrush ( Zoothera lunulata )
Long-billed thrush ( Zoothera marginata )

literature

Web links

Commons : Thrushes (Turdidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Per Alström, Pamela C. Rasmussen, Chao Zhao, Jingzi Xu, Shashank Dalvi, Tianlong Cai, Yuyan Guan, Ruiying Zhang, Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Fumin Lei, Urban Olsson: Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-backed Thrush (Zoothera mollissima) complex (Aves, Turdidae) reveals cryptic species, including a new species. In: Avian Research. 7 (1), 2016, pp. 1–39. doi: 10.1186 / s40657-016-0037-2 .