Bonin 'earth thrush
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Bonin's earth thrush ( Zoothera terrestris ), |
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| Zoothera terrestris | ||||||||||||
| ( Kittlitz , 1830) |
The Bonin Thrush ( Zoothera terrestris ), also known as Bonind Thrush , is an extinct species of thrush from the genus of the Earth Thrush ( Zoothera ).
description
The Bonin Thrush reached a length of 23 centimeters. The wing length was 9.9 centimeters, the tail length 6.6 centimeters, the beak ridge 2.2 centimeters and the barrel 2.8 centimeters. The top was generally olive brown. On the rump, on the upper tail-covers and on the tail, the color turned into a chestnut brown. The inner plumes of the feathers were usually darker and marked a fine black line on the back. The reins were dark brown, the eye stripe dark. The under wing-coverts were brown to dark brown, lined with black and had broad olive-colored tips. The outside flags of the black hand covers were olive. The umbrella feathers had brown outside flags and olive colored inside flags. The arms were framed in brown and olive. The wings of the hand were brown. The underside was olive brown and turned white at the chin, throat and middle of the abdomen. The under tail coverts were brown. The top of the head, chest and sides of the throat were marked with fine brown lines. The beak, legs, feet and claws were horn-colored.
Occurrence
The only place it ever appeared was Chichi-jima in the Bonin Islands . Theoretically, she could also have lived on the neighboring islands of Ani-jima and Otōto-jima , but this is not supported by observations. The species was observed only once by a naturalist, its discoverer Heinrich von Kittlitz . He met this thrush in the coastal forests, where it usually stayed on the ground. Presumably she was a ground breeder .
die out
As Heinrich von Kittlitz for the first time in 1827 with the Beechey Pacific expedition visited the island chichijima, he found as the only endemic bird the Bonin Grosbeak ago. It was not until his second trip to the island in 1828 that he discovered the Bonin’s earth thrush, which was overlooked on the first expedition. Both bird species share a similar fate. The Bonin’s earth thrush was still quite common when it was discovered, but as early as 1828 domestic goats , sheep and pigs were brought to the island as provisions. While goats and sheep destroyed the vegetation, the birds living on the ground were easy prey for feral dogs and cats as well as for the introduced rats. By 1830, both the Bonin Earth Thrush and Bonin Grosbeak were wiped out.
The only museum specimens are in the Museum Naturalis in Leiden (one copy), the Natural History Museum in Vienna (one copy), the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main (one copy) and the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg (two copies) .
literature
- James Greenway: Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World . Dover Publications Inc., New York 1967, ISBN 0-486-21869-4
- Errol Fuller: Extinct Birds . 2000, ISBN 0-8160-1833-2 .
- Tim Flannery, Peter Schouten: A Gap in Nature: Discovering the World's Extinct Animals . Atlantic Monthly Press, New York 2001, ISBN 0871137976 .
- David Day: The Doomsday Book of Animals . Ebury Press, London 1981, ISBN 0670279870 .
- Dieter Luther: The extinct birds of the world . Westarp Sciences, 1986, ISBN 3-89432-213-6 .
- Edwin Antonius: Lexicon of extinct birds and mammals . Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-931587-76-2 .
- Heinrich von Kittlitz: Description of "Zoothera terrestris" . Mem. Presentes a l'Acad. Imp. Of the Sci. de St. Petersbourg par divers savants, etc. 1 (3): 244, 1830, plate 17.
Web links
- Zoothera terrestris in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed on December 20 of 2008.
- 3D view of the copy RMNH 89298, Naturalis, Leiden - requires QuickTime