Giant thrush

Giant thrush
	Giant thrush ( Turdus fuscater )
Systematics
Order :	Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination :	Songbirds (passeri)
Family :	Thrushes (Turdidae)
Subfamily :	Turdinae
Genre :	Real thrushes ( Turdus )
Type :	Giant thrush
Scientific name
	Turdus fuscater
	d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1837

The giant thrush ( Turdus fuscater ) is a songbird from the thrush family (Turdidae). It is not one of the endangered species .

description

The dark gray male bird has a yellow beak , yellow iris rings and light gray chest plumage; the female is less noticeable and brownish gray. The giant thrush reaches a body length of up to 35 centimeters and a weight of 130 to 150 grams.

habitat

In addition to Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru , the northwest of Bolivia is also part of the distribution area.

Subspecies

The following subspecies have been described:

Turdus fuscater cacozelus , ( Bangs , 1898) - This subspecies occurs in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta .
Turdus fuscater clarus Phelps & WH Phelps Jr , 1953 - This subspecies is distributed in the Sierra de Perijá in northeast Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
Turdus fuscater fuscater d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1837 - The nominate form occurs in western Bolivia.
Turdus fuscater gigantodes Cabanis , 1873 - The range of this subspecies is the south of Ecuador to central Peru.
Turdus fuscater gigas Fraser , 1841 - This subspecies is found in the Andes in northeast Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr , 1906 - This subspecies occurs in southeastern Peru.
Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman , 1925 - This subspecies occurs in southern and western Colombia and northern Ecuador.

nutrition

The giant thrush feeds mainly on fruits and berries, but also on worms and insects .

Reproduction

The female lays two to three eggs , which are incubated for about two weeks before the young birds hatch.

literature

Bernhard Grzimek : Grzimeks animal life. Volumes 7-9: Birds. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-423-05970-2 .
Fotolulu: All birds of the world: The complete checklist of all species and subspecies, Publisher: Books on Demand (2015) ISBN 3734744075
Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny, Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Synopsis avium from Alcide d'Orbigny, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et ab ipso viatore necnom a de Lafresnaye in ordine redactarum . In: Magasin de zoologie . tape 7 , Classe II, 1837, pp. 1-88 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Outram Bangs: On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , 1898, pp. 171-182 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
William H. Phelps, William H. Phelps Jr .: Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perija Mountains, Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 66 , 1953, pp. 1-12 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Frank Michler Chapman : Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina . In: American Museum novitates . No. 160 , 1925, pp. 1–14 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).
Jean Louis Cabanis: Turdus gigantodes n. Sp. In: Journal for Ornithology (= 4 ). tape 1 , no. 3 , 1873, p. 315-316 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Mr. CE Hellmayr described and exhibited the types of two new species of Neotropical birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 16 , no. 125 , 1906, pp. 90-92 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Louis Fraser: Mr. Fraser exhibited and pointed out the characters of the following new species of birds from the collection of the Earl of Derby . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 8 , 1840, p. 59-60 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Giant Thrush ( Turdus fuscater ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Turdus fuscater inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2016 ..
BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Great Thrush ( Turdus fuscater ) . Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Videos, photos and sound recordings for Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater) in the Internet Bird Collection
Giant Thrush ( Turdus fuscater ) at Avibase; accessed on August 17, 2016.
Turdus fuscater in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Great Thrush ( Turdus fuscater )

gallery

Turdus Fuscater, male
Turdus Fuscater, female

Individual evidence

↑ [1] Turdus fuscater in the IUCN Red List, accessed on August 14, 2016.
^ IOC World Bird List Thrushes
^ Outram Bangs, p. 181.
^ William H. Phelps et al. a., p. 9.
↑ Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny u. a., p. 16.
^ Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 315.
↑ Louis Fraser, p. 59. Even if the volume shows 1840, it did not appear until 1841.
↑ Carl Eduard Hellmayr, p. 91.
↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 1.

[1] [1] Turdus fuscater in the IUCN Red List, accessed on August 14, 2016.

[2] IOC World Bird List Thrushes

[bangs181-3] Outram Bangs, p. 181.

[phelps9-4] William H. Phelps et al. a., p. 9.

[d’orbigny16-5] Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny u. a., p. 16.

[cabanis315-6] Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 315.

[fraser59-7] Louis Fraser, p. 59. Even if the volume shows 1840, it did not appear until 1841.

[hellmayr91-8] Carl Eduard Hellmayr, p. 91.

[chapman1-9] Frank Michler Chapman, p. 1.