Carl Eduard Hellmayr

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Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1878–1944)

Carl Eduard Hellmayr (born January 29, 1878 Vienna ; † February 24, 1944 in Orselina ) was an Austrian ornithologist , curator and author .

Life

From an early age he observed birds in the vicinity of the Seitenstetten Abbey . He finally passed his Matura at the monastery in 1897 . His first publication appeared in 1898: Muscicapa parva in the Vienna Woods . In 1894 at the age of 16 he began researching his second publication, Contributions to the Ornithology of Lower Austria , which appeared in the Ornithological Yearbook in 1899 and in which he thanked Victor Ritter von Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen (1847-1924) for his help . In the years 1899 and 1900 wrote it in Berlin a. He also studied in Vienna, but never got an academic degree. Nevertheless, he got during his time at the Bavarian National Museum in Munich the honorary doctorate awarded.

At a meeting of the German Ornithological Society in Leipzig in 1900 , Hellmayr first met Count Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch . It became an intimate friendship in which Berlepsch became an important mentor . Hellmayr wrote an obituary in the Journal for Ornithology for the death of his friend Berlepsch in 1915 . In 1903 he was assigned the task of setting up an ornithological department for the National Museum at the Zoological Institute in Munich. Here he became a curator . He was soon studying the birds of Brazil , which had been collected by Johann Baptist von Spix . The result appeared in 1905 under the title Revision of Spix's Types of Brazilian Birds . In 1905 he went to the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum in Tring . Here he met his next sponsor Ernst Hartert . In 1908 he returned to Munich, where he stayed until September 1922. During this time he became general secretary of the Ornithological Society in Bavaria . In addition, he cataloged and sorted the Wiedemann Archive for Zoology and Zootomy . For the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle he has been analyzing birds that Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny had collected in South America since 1904 . In 1922 he turned his back on Europe and moved to the United States . Since Charles Barney Cory of the Field Museum of Natural History had just died, he took over the work he had begun on the monumental multi-volume catalog Catalog of the Birds of the America in October 1922 . The catalog became one of his most important works.

In June 1931 he returned to Europe. After the National Socialists came to power in Austria in 1938, he was arrested. The background to the arrest is unclear. While in detention, he became seriously ill and was transferred to a hospital. But the serious abuse and interrogation continued. After his release he managed to escape to Switzerland , where he stayed until the end of his life. After he had recovered briefly from the rigors of captivity, he traveled for a short time to study at the Natural History Museum in London , but soon returned to Geneva . The war had left its mark and Hellmayr had to go to the hospital in Chur for an operation in 1942 . In 1943 he moved to Orselina with his wife Katherina. He also dedicated a subspecies of the green tangar to it , Tangara gyrola catharinae Hellmayr, 1911 (originally Calospiza gyroloides catharinae ). In addition to birds, he and his wife were also passionate lovers of orchids .

Honors

In 1903 Hellmayr became a Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union . In 1911 he was made an honorary fellow. In 1929 he was awarded the William Brewster Medal for his services to the Catalog of the Birds of the America . He joined the German Ornithological Society in 1901, but left it again in 1908.

Dedication names

The entomologist William Albert Schulz described in 1904 a grave wasps - Art ( Ampulex hellmayri ) in honor Hell Mayr. With the Hellmayrpieper ( Anthus hellmayri ) Hartert paid his respects to Hellmayr in 1909. In English this type is called Hellmayr's Pipit . Also Outram Bangs devoted Hellmayr with the Santa Marta tree panties ( Cranioleuca hellmayri ) 1907 a new way. Custos Otmar Reiser gave him in 1905 with the Rotschulter thicket panties ( Gyalophylax hellmayri ). In 1907, his friend Berlepsch named a taxon after him: Mecocerculus hellmayri , the pale bandage tachurean . Jean Stanislaus Stolzmann even dedicated his own genus to Hellmayr in his Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis in 1926, called Hellmayrea .

Other authors named subspecies in honor of Hellmayr:

Initial descriptions

Hellmayr was the first author of many genera , species and subspecies.

Genera

Hellmayr has described the following genera:

Bird species

He described many species alone, but he also worked with Henry Boardman Conover , Josef Graf von Seilern and Henri Auguste Ménégaux . With Conover he wrote the Catalog of Birds of the Americas . With Ménégaux he published Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux . The following taxa were u. a. First described by Hellmayr:

Works

  • Muscicapa parva in the Vienna Woods. Ornithological Yearbook, IX. 1898.
  • Contributions to the ornithology of Lower Austria. Ornithological Yearbook, X, 1901.
  • Some observations on gray tits. Ornithological Yearbook, XI, 1900.
  • About a new tit, P. nigriloris. Monthly Ornithological Reports, 8, 1900.
  • Remarks on the New World genus Polioptila and a description of a new subspecies from Peru. Novitates Zoologicae, Vol 7, 1900.
  • A new gray tit shape from Italy. Unknown, 1901.
  • About some species of the genus Thryophilus . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . tape 51 , 1901, pp. 767-776 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • A few more words about Thryophilus. Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society, 1902.
  • Description of two new Brazilian birds. Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society, 1902.
  • The forms of Passer Petronius. Ornithological Yearbook, Volume XIII. 1902.
  • Investigations on some Palearctic birds. Ornithological Yearbook, XIII, 1902.
  • A few more remarks about Polioptila. Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society, 1903.
  • Paridae, Sittidae and Certhiidae. R. Friedländer and Son, Volume 18, 1903.
  • Notes on Neotropical Birds . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 51 , no. 4 , 1903, pp. 527-539 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • About new and little known fringillids in Brazil. Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society, 1904.
  • Revision of the Spixian types of Brazilian birds. KB Academy of Sciences, 1905.
  • Description of two new birds discovered by Mr. OT Baron in Northern Peru. Novitates Zoologicae, Vol 12, 1905, pp. 503-504.
  • Auguste Ménégaux, Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Étude des espèces critiques et des types du groupe des Passereaux. Impr. Dejussieu, 1906.
  • On the Birds of the Island of Trinidad. .Novitates Zoologiae, Vol XIII, No1, 1906, pp. 1-60.
  • Auguste Ménégaux, Carl Eduard Hellmayr: The Supposed Types in the Lafresnaye Collection. The Auk, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1906, pp. 480-483.
  • Mr CE Hellmayr described and exhibited the following new South American birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 19 , no. 128 , 1906, pp. 8-9 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Overview of the South American species of the genus Chaetura. Negotiation of the Ornithological Society in Bavaria, 1907
  • Another contribution to the ornithology of the Lower Amazons. Novitates zoologicae, Volume 14, 1907
  • On a collection of birds from Teffé, Rio Solimões, Brazil. Novitates zoologicae, Volume 14, 1907
  • Critical Notes on the Types of little-known Species of Neotropical Birds. Novitates zoologicae, Volume 14, 1907
  • Mr CE Hellmayr exhibited specimens of a new Humming-bird from Goyaz, Central Brazil and described it as follows . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 21 , no. 138 , 1907, pp. 27-28 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Emile Oustalet. Ornithological monthly reports, XIV, 1907.
  • Ludwig Lorenz (Knight of Liburnau.), Carl Eduard Hellmayr: A contribution to the Ornis of South Arabia. KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1907
  • with Eugène Simon: Notes critique sur quelques Trochilidae . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 15 , no. 1 , 1908, p. 1-12 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • An account of the birds collected by Mons. GA Baer in the state of Goyaz, Brazil . In: Novitates zoologicae a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum. tape 15 , no. 1 , 1908, p. 13-102 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr, Philogène Auguste Galilée Wytsman: Genera Avium. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, 1910.
  • Lorenz Müller, Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Zoological results of a trip to the mouth of the Amazon. Publishing house of the Royal Bavarian Academy, Volume 2, 1912,
  • The Avifauna of Timor: With a color chart. Nägele, 1914.
  • together with Julius von Madarász : Description of a new Formicarian-bird from Columbia . In: Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici . tape 12 , 1914, pp. 88 ( online [PDF; 86 kB ; accessed on February 16, 2013]).
  • Hans Graf von Berlepsch - A sketch of life. Journal of Ornithology, Volume 63, Number 4, 1915.
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr, A. Laubmann: Nomenclature of birds in Bavaria. G. Fischer, 1916.
  • Mr. CE Hellmayr describes 12 new forms from the neotropical area . In: Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern . tape 1 , no. 4 , 1921, pp. 25-32 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Mr. CE Hellmayr describes two new neotropical bird forms . In: Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft in Bayern . tape 1 , no. 5 , 1921, pp. 41-42 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr, Charles Barney Cory, Boardman Conover: Catalog of Birds of the Americas and the Adjacent Islands. Field Museum of Natural History, 1918, 1925. 1938, 1942, 1948, 1949 (various volumes).
  • A contribution to the ornithology of northeastern Brazil. Field Museum of Natural History, 1929.
  • Birds of the James Simpson-Roosevelts Asiatic expedition. Field Museum of Natural History, 1929.
  • On two undescribed Neotropical birds . In: Novitates zoologicae: a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum . tape 35 , no. 4 , 1930, p. 265-267 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • The birds of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, 1932.
  • together with Jakob Schenk : Obituary - Julius von Madarász . In: The Ibis . tape 74 , no. 3 , 1932, p. 532-533 ( onlinelibrary.wiley.com [PDF]).
  • Catalog of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History and including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Galapagos Archipelago, and other islands which may properly be included on account of their faunal affinities . In: Field Museum Natural History Publications (=  Zoological Series ). tape 13 , no. 7 , 1934 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

literature

  • John Todd Zimmer : In Memoriam-Carl Eduard Hellmayr . In: The Auk . tape 61 , no. 4 , 1944, pp. 616–622 ( unm.edu [PDF; 454 kB ; accessed on July 26, 2011]).
  • Norman Boyd Kinnear : Obituary Carl Eduard Hellmyer . In: IBIS . tape 87 , no. 1 , 1945, p. 110–112 ( online [PDF; accessed July 26, 2011]).
  • Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 . tape 2 . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-7001-1328-5 .
  • Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins: Whose Bird ?: Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate . Yale University Press, London 2004, ISBN 0-300-10359-X .
  • Valérie Chansignaud: The History of Ornithology . New Holland Publishers, Enfield, Middlesex 2009, ISBN 978-1-84773-433-4 .
  • Barbara Mearns, Richard Mearns: The History of Ornithology . Poyser Natural History, London 2001, ISBN 0-12-487440-1 .
  • Erwin Stresemann :  Hellmayr, Carl Eduard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 483 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Alfred Louis Laubmann in Hans War: Birds in Scientific Results of the German Gran Chaco Expedition . Strecker and Schröder, Stuttgart 1930.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 ÖBL page 263f
  2. ↑ In Memoriam - Carl Eduard Hellmayr (PDF; 454 kB) In: The Auk (English)
  3. ^ Alfred Louis Laubmann (1930), p. 198.
personal data
SURNAME Hellmayr, Carl Eduard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hellmayr, Carl; Hellmayr, Charles E.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian ornithologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 29, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH February 24, 1944
Place of death Orselina