Frank Michler Chapman

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Frank Michler Chapman

Frank Michler Chapman (born June 12, 1864 in what is now West Englewood , Teaneck district , New Jersey , † November 15, 1945 in New York City ) was an American ornithologist , author and banker .

Life

education

Chapman's father was named Lebbeus Chapman, Jr. and worked in a New York law firm and as an advisor to a large bank. During the civil war , the father served as a veteran . Due to his banking training, his father wrote Chapman's tables of interest . His mother Mary Augusta Chapman b. Parkhurst loved flowers and was an extraordinarily gifted musician. Chapman grew up on the property his grandfather had bought in 1863. The natural environment, as well as the musical training by his mother, encouraged the young Chapman to be interested in birds . He attended school in Englewood for ten years. At the Englewood Academy she received a solid musical education. When he graduated there at the age of sixteen, he decided against college education because he questioned the practice of nature in such a degree. Instead, he started at the American Exchange National Bank in 1880 , the bank his father advised. On the train to work he met Frederick J. Dixon , who shared with him a love of ornithology and taught him many things about the world of birds. Another important person was Clarence B. Riker , who is in the art of bird preparation versed. In 1884, still working at the bank, he took part in a volunteer survey on bird migration for the first time. In the course of this recording he offered his help to Dr. Albert Kenrick Fisher of the American Ornithologists' Union . This step was very important for his future life. Chapman called Fisher an ornithological godfather and was thus his great role model. For bird registration he collected 103 species, which he passed on to Fisher.

Ornithology

He continued to work for the bank until 1886, but repeatedly took part in campaigns and the like. a. for the National Audubon Society . When he was promoted from the bank, he realized that there was going to be a conflict between his job at the bank and his passion . He drew the consequences and resigned from the bank. His new freedom he used to to May 1887 in Florida on Alachua Lake to collect 581 birds. On his return to Englewood, he brought the specimens to the American Museum of Natural History for identification . Together with George Burritt Sennett (1840–1900), who owned a considerable collection of Texas birds, they examined their collections. When this work was done, Chapman helped Dr. Joel Asaph Allen , the curator at the time , to invitarize 3000 birds from the Lawrence collection that he had collected in Central and South America . In 1888 he published his first document in The Auk . The paper was presented at the AOU and was recognized as the best among two hundred others. In 1888 he was out on Lake Okeechobee with Charles Barney Cory when he received a letter from Dr. Allen who offered him a job at the American Museum of Natural History. Chapman did not hesitate a second and left immediately. At first he cataloged and further identified bird collections. Then he became the deputy of Dr. Everyone who taught him loads of new things. After a while he gave popular lectures on birds, which he highlighted with his own pictures. In the winter months he went on many field assignments. So he was in Florida, Texas, Trinidad , British West Indies , Yucatán , Veracruz and many other South American countries. In February 1898 he married Fannie Bates Embury. Together they had a son, Frank Michler Chapman, Jr., who was born in 1900. Fannie died a year before Frank in September 1944. From 1898 to 1910, together with John Lambert Cadwalader, he developed a concept for exhibitions by presenting the birds in their natural habitat . Of the many artists who accompanied Chapman into the field, he was particularly connected to Louis Agassiz Fuertes . Fuertes accompanied Chapman to the Andes . He therefore dedicated the taxon of the Fuertes parrot ( Hapalopsittaca fuertesi ) to his friend and wrote the commemorative article In memoriam: Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927) in The Auk . Together with Malcolm Sutherland Mackay (1881–1934), Graham Sumner, George Bowen Case and Daniel Eleazar Pomeroy , he roamed the Andean countries for six years, always on the lookout for new and known bird species. So they moved mainly in Colombia and Ecuador . In addition to his scientific activities, Chapman and his wife worked for the American Red Cross . Here he became director of publications. As part of this activity, Chapman traveled to Cuba , Panama , Peru , Chile , Bolivia , Argentina , Uruguay , Venezuela and Brazil .

Honors

In 1921 he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences . The latter had awarded him the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal in 1917 . He was also awarded the Linnaeus Medal by the Linnaen Society of New York , the William Brewster Medal for his Handbook of birds of eastern North America by the AOU, the John Burroughs Medal, and the Theodore Roosevelt Island National Memorial Medal . In 1913 Brown University awarded him the title of Doctor of Science . He was also an honorary member of the British Ornithologists' Union , the German Ornithologists Society , the Club van Nederlandsche Vogekundigen , the Asociación Ornitológica del Plata and the New York Zoological Society . Chapman was a member and president of the AOU, president of the Linnaen Society of New York, and editor of The Auk. Carl Eduard Hellmayr named the Chapman sailor ( Chaetura chapmani ) after him in 1907 . In 1940 Ernest Thomas Gilliard gave the olive-cap leaf tyrant the scientific name ( Phylloscartes chapmani ) in honor of Chapman. There are also the following subspecies dedicated to Chapman:

In addition, the name Chapman was received by the English common name Chapman's Antshrike ( Thamnophilus zarumae ), Chapman's Ground Warbler ( Xenoligea montana ), Chapman's Tyrannulet ( Phylloscartes chapmani ), Chapman's Antshrike ( Dysithamnus occidentalis ), Chapman's Conure ( Aratinga mitrata ), Chapman's Swift ( Chaetura chapmani ) and Chapman's Trogon ( Trogon massena australis ). However, this is not always the common English name. For example, Xenoligea montana is commonly referred to as a white-winged warbler .

Initial descriptions

Chapman was the first author of many genera , species, and subspecies.

Genera

Chapman described the following genera:

Bird species

Chapman described the following new bird species:

Mammals

In addition to the birds, Chapman described the Florida mouse ( Podomys floridanus ) in 1889 , a species of long-tailed hatias named Mysateles gundlachi in 1901 and, together with Dr. All a kind of Neotropical swimmers named Nectomys palmipes and Marmosops carri a kind of marmosops .

Fonts

  • Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds , D. Appleton & Company, 1897
  • Descriptions of five apparently new birds from Venezuela . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 12 , no. 9 , 1899, pp. 153–156 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 309 kB ]).
  • The warblers of North America , D. Appleton & Company, 1907
  • Camps and cruises of an ornithologist , D. Appleton & Company, 1908
  • Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 31 , no. 16 , 1912, pp. 139-166 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 33 , no. 12 , 1914, pp. 167–192 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • Descriptions of a new genus and species of birds from Venezuela . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 33 , no. 13 , 1914, pp. 193–197 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 446 kB ]).
  • Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 33 , no. 23 , 1914, pp. 317–322 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 592 kB ]).
  • Daniel Giraud Elliot . In: The Auk . tape 34 , no. 1 , 1917, p. 1–10 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 529 kB ]).
  • The distribution of bird-life in Colombia: a contribution to a biological survey of South America . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 36 , 1917, pp. 1-729 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF]).
  • Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 41 , no. 5 , 1919, pp. 323–333 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 10.8 MB ]).
  • What bird is that? A pocket museum of the land birds of the east , D. Appleton, 1920
  • The distribution of bird life in the Urubamba valley of Peru; a report on the birds collected by the Yale University-National Geographic Society's expeditions , GPO, 1921
  • The distribution of the swallows of the genus Pygochelidon . In: American Museum novitates . No. 30 , 1922, pp. 1-15 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 67 , 1923, pp. 1–12 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1,3 MB ]).
  • Descriptions of proposed new birds from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile . In: American Museum novitates . No. 96 , 1923, pp. 1–12 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  • Descriptions of new flycatchers from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru . In: American Museum novitates . No. 118 , 1924, pp. 1–11 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.1 MB ]).
  • Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru . In: American Museum novitates . No. 138 , 1924, pp. 1–16 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  • Descriptions of new birds from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 143 , 1924, pp. 1–11 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  • with Ludlow Griscom: The house wrens of the genus Troglodytes . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 50 , no. 5 , 1924, pp. 279–304 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  • In memoriam: Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927) . In: The Auk . tape 45 , no. 1 , 1928, pp. 1–26 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1,3 MB ]).
  • Autobiography of a bird-lover , Appleton-Century, 1935
  • Color Key to North American Birds , BiblioBazaar, 2009, ISBN 978-1-110-34660-8
  • Handbook of birds of eastern North America , General Books LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4588-3264-1
  • Further Notes On Trinidad Birds: With A Description Of A New Species Of Synallaxis , Kessinger Publishing , LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-1-120-28502-7
  • Our winter birds , General Books LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-0-217-52708-8
  • The Economic Value Of Birds To The State , Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-1-120-19119-9
  • Description Of Two New Races Of Mammals From Florida , Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-1-120-18790-1
  • Bird Studies With a Camera: With Introductory Chapters on the Outfit and Methods of the Bird Photographer , Cornell University Library, 2009, ISBN 978-1-112-33270-8

literature

  • Robert Cushman Murphy : Frank Michler Chapman, 1864-1945 . In: The Auk . tape 67 , no. 3 , 1950, p. 307-315 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 568 kB ]).
  • William King Gregory : Biographical memoir of Frank Michler Chapman 1864-1945 . In: National Academy of Science . 1947, p. 110–145 ( nasonline.org [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Obituary: Frank Michler Chapman . In: The American Naturalist . tape 80 , no. 793 , 1946, pp. 476-481 , JSTOR : 2458190 .
  • Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins: Whose Bird? Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate. Yale University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-300-10359-X , pp. 81 ff .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ National Academy of Science Article (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  2. ↑ The Auk, Vol. 45, No. 1, 1928 In memoriam: Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927) (English; PDF; 1.3 MB) Original article
  3. ↑ The Auk article (PDF; 581 kB)
  4. ^ Member History: Frank M. Chapman. American Philosophical Society, accessed June 17, 2018 .
  5. ^ Member Directory: Frank M. Chapman. National Academy of Sciences, accessed June 17, 2018 .
  6. ↑ The Auk, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1934 The semi-centennial meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union November 13-16, 1933 (PDF; 736 kB) Original article
personal data
SURNAME Chapman, Frank Michler
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American ornithologist, author and banker
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH West Englewood
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1945
Place of death New York City