Gold-headed Wood Warbler

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Gold-headed Wood Warbler
Golden-crowned warbler of the subspecies Myiothlypis c. castaneiceps in Ecuador

Golden-crowned warbler of the subspecies Myiothlypis c. castaneiceps in Ecuador

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Passeroidea
Family : Wood Warbler (Parulidae)
Genre : Myiothlypis
Type : Gold-headed Wood Warbler
Scientific name
Myiothlypis coronata
( Tschudi , 1844)

The golden-crowned wood warbler ( Myiothlypis coronata , Syn .: Basileuterus coronatus ) is a small songbird from the genus Myiothlypis in the family of the wood warbler (Parulidae). The species is closely related to the gray-throated wood warbler ( Myiothlypis cinereicollis ) and the red-headed wood warbler ( Myiothlypis conspicillata ). The distribution area is in the Andes of Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN lists the species as "not endangered" (least concern).

features

The gold-headed wood warbler reaches a body length of 14 centimeters. The wing length is 6.2 to 7.5 centimeters in the males, 6.4 to 7.0 centimeters in the females. Adult birds of the nominate form and young birds from the first year on have black side stripes on the crown that run to the nape of the neck, a black forehead, a rich orange-reddish stripe on the crown and a blackish eye stripe that extends to the back of the ear covers. The rest of the head plumage is medium gray and the central nape is olive gray. The upper side plumage is olive with a faint bronze tint, especially on the rump . The dark brown wings have bronze olive feather edges. The throat plumage and the lower beard area are pale gray, the belly area light yellow and the rest of the underside plumage yellow with heavily olive-washed areas on the chest, on the flanks, on the lower abdomen and on the lower tail covers. The tail is dull brown with bronze olive feather edges, the bill is blackish-gray and the legs are pale orange-flesh-colored.

In juvenile birds of the nominate form, the head, chest and upper side plumage are olive-brown and the reins and ear-covers are slightly gray. They have cinnamon-brown wing bands on their wings.

Occurrence, nutrition and reproduction

The local gold-crowned warbler inhabit moist mountain forests, cloud forests, forest edges and well-developed vegetation with a lot of undergrowth at heights of 1300 to 2500 meters. Sometimes they occur up to an altitude of 3100 meters. They look for their food in the lower and middle regions of the vegetation, usually at heights of 1 to 6 meters, often very inconspicuous and hardly visible in the dense scrub and branches. Sometimes they can be seen looking for food at heights of up to 10 meters. They can usually be seen in pairs or in small groups, often associated with other bird species.

The arched nest is placed well hidden on the ground. Reproductive birds have been observed in Colombia from February to October, mostly in the months of May and June. Furthermore, there were sightings of adult birds with young animals from May to October in Colombia. In the same area, fledglings have just fledged in May, June, September and October and juveniles have been seen in February and August in central Peru.

Systematics and distribution

Eight subspecies are recognized, which are divided into two groups. The white-bellied group separates the yellow-bellied group geographically into two subgroups:

The yellow-bellied group ( yellow-bellied )

  • Myiothlypis c. coronata ( Tschudi , 1844) - Occurs on slopes in the eastern Andes from La Paz in western Bolivia and to the northwest into central Peru.
  • Myiothlypis c. notia Todd , 1929 - Occurs on slopes in the eastern Andes of Cochabamba in central Bolivia. Similar to the subspecies Myiothlypis c. inaequalis . This subspecies is narrower than the nominate form and it lacks the bronze tint of the upper plumage. The upper side plumage is darker and the lower side plumage is more rich yellow.
  • Myiothlypis c. inaequalis Zimmer , 1949 - Occurs in the Cordillera Central mountain range in the central Andes of the Amazon region and of San Martín in northern Peru. This subspecies is slightly narrower than the nominate form and the upper side plumage with the lack of bronze tint is more olive green.

The following subspecies are geographically separated from the other subspecies of the yellow-bellied group by the white-bellied group:

  • Myiothlypis c. elata Todd, 1929 - Inhabits the western Andes of Ecuador and Nariño in the southwest of Colombia. This subspecies is similar to the nominate form. The crown stripe is more orange and the upper side plumage with a lack of bronze tint is more olive green. The throat plumage is gray and the breast olive yellow.
  • Myiothlypis c. regula Todd, 1929 - Widespread in the western and central Andes of Colombia: from Cauca to Antioquia as well as in the Bogotá region in the eastern Andes and north-east to southern Lara in northwestern Venezuela. Like the subspecies Basileuterus c. elatus has a more orange apex and, like the nominate form, a bronze tint of the upper plumage.
  • Myiothlypis c. orientalis Chapman , 1924 - Widespread on the eastern slopes of the eastern Andes of Ecuador (from Chimborazo north to Pichincha ). This subspecies is closely related to Myiothlypis c. castaneiceps from the white-bellied group and is an intermediate species in the underside plumage. The posterior underside plumage is pale yellow, the upper abdomen and chest yellowish-white, and the throat plumage greyish-white.

The weißbäuchige group ( white-bellied )

  • Myiothlypis c. castaneiceps P. L. Sclater & Salvin , 1877 - Occurs on the western slopes in the western Andes from Piura in northwest Peru and north to Azuay in southwest Ecuador. This subspecies is similar to Basileuterus c. chapmani . The upper side plumage is greyish-olive.
  • Myiothlypis c. chapmani Todd, 1929 - Inhabits the eastern embankments in the western Andes of Cajamarca in northwestern Peru. The lower side plumage is greyish-white and the upper side plumage pale bronze-olive.

swell

literature

  • Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 , pp. 82 and 214-215.

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