Wood warbler
| Wood warbler | ||||||||||||
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Tiger Wood Warbler ( Setophaga tigrina ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Parulidae | ||||||||||||
| Wetmore , 1947 |
The wood warbler (Parulidae) are a species-rich family in the order of the passerine birds (Passeriformes). The family comprises 18 genera.
distribution
Wood warblers occur exclusively in the New World . They live in different habitats, such as bushland, swamps, deciduous forests, coniferous forests and mangrove forests , from Canada to South America and mostly inhabit the upper regions of the trees. Only a few species live on or near the ground. Most of the species that live and breed in the tropical areas are resident birds . The species that are widespread in the north and have their breeding areas there are migratory birds .
features
The body length of the wood warbler ranges from 10 centimeters to 15 centimeters, the weight is between 6 g and 25 g. In earlier systematics, the yellow-breasted warbler ( Icteria virens ) made an exception with 19 centimeters and a weight of up to 33 g; however, the species is no longer counted among the wood warblers today. The largest species of the family is now the Pieperwood Warbler .
The narrow, pointed beak is characteristic of the small, slender wood warblers. The plumage has an extensive range of colors. From light to dark brown, light gray to dark gray, olive brown to a rich, bright red, yellow or blue. The brood plumage in particular is colorful. The sexes of the species in the tropical areas are colored the same and often have brightly colored plumage all year round. In the case of the northern wood warbler, the male in the resting dress is colored similarly to the female. When they reach their wintering areas in the south in autumn, the male changes the breeding dress against the resting dress . Before they leave their wintering areas in the south and fly north, they put on their breeding dress again.
Your singing skills are not particularly pronounced or impressive. However, when they sing it is brought up with great perseverance. Your voice has a high and delicate sound.
nutrition
The wood warbler feed on many different insects such as beetles , caterpillars , butterflies and flies . Also spiders and snails . Furthermore, of fruits and parts of plants. The insects are picked from the leaves or trees or they are captured in flight. The treecreeper also finds its prey in the crevices of the trees.
Reproduction
With the wood warbler in the north, the nest is mainly built by the female. The males only participate occasionally. The nests have different shapes and vary like the nest position from species to species. On the trees you can usually see cup-shaped nests that are either open at the top or are closed and have a side entrance. Some species also refer to abandoned woodpecker holes or nest boxes. The clutch consists of four to five eggs, which the female alone hatches.
In the tropical warbler species, the nests are often close to the ground vegetation. The clutch consists of two to three eggs. The males are more involved in nest building and brood care.
Genera and species
As things stand today (2018), the IOU family contains 119 species in 18 genera:
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literature
- Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 .
- Joseph Forshaw (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Birds. 1999, ISBN 3-8289-1557-4 .
Web links
- Videos about wood warbler at Internet Bird Collection