Schmätzerwald warbler

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Schmätzerwald warbler
Juvenile Black Warbler (Myiothlypis fulvicauda)

Juvenile Black Warbler ( Myiothlypis fulvicauda )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Passeroidea
Family : Wood Warbler (Parulidae)
Genre : Myiothlypis
Type : Schmätzerwald warbler
Scientific name
Myiothlypis fulvicauda
( Spix , 1825)

The Schmätzerwaldsänger ( Myiothlypis fulvicauda , syn .: Phaeothlypis fulvicauda ) is a small songbird in the genus Myiothlypis from the family of the wood warbler (Parulidae). This species forms a superspecies with the river warbler ( Myiothlypis rivularis ) . The distribution area is in Central and South America . The IUCN lists the bird species as "not endangered" (least concern).

features

Appearance

The Schmätzerwald warbler reaches a body length of 13.5 centimeters and an average weight of 14.9 grams. The wing length is 5.7 to 6.7 centimeters for the males and 5.6 to 6.6 centimeters for the females. In adult animals and one-year-old young birds of the nominate form , the vertex is slate gray, the upper eye stripe yellow-brown, the blurred eye stripe dark gray and the lower eye ring beige. The grayish-olive ear covers are striped with light yellow-brown. The neck plumage and the sides of the neck are olive gray and the coat, shoulder plumage, the back and most of the rump are dark grayish-olive.

The most striking feature is the yellow-brown coloration of the basal half of the tail feathers , the upper tail-coverts and the lower rump; the rest of the control springs are dark olive brown. The wings are dark brown with olive hems. The throat is whitish in color, the upper breast is yellow-brown with olive-washed breasts and the whitish belly area is pale yellow-brown. The back of the abdomen and the underside of the tail are strong yellow-brown, the flanks washed beige-olive. The beak is blackish and the legs are pale yellowish-flesh-colored.

When young, the head and top plumage is fairly evenly dark brown with blackish feather tips. The light beige-olive feathers on the middle and large arm covers form two indistinct wing bands. At the base of the tail, the plumage is light yellow-brown, with the exception of the upper tail-coverts, which, like the coat, are evenly colored dark brown. The throat and breast plumage are spotted dark brown and olive; the posterior underside plumage is pale yellow-brown.

Voice and singing

The voice is a pronounced "chick". They are reminiscent of those of the riparian forest warbler ( Seiurus noveboracensis ). Only the metallic property is missing.

The singing begins with a short trill and runs into a haunting tone sequence of eight to nine sounds, consisting of sounding "chew" tones. The females usually respond to the males with a gentle trill.

Habitat, Nutrition and Reproduction

Schmätzerwald warbler are resident birds and occur on rivers and streams as well as on swamps in tree-rich regions in lowlands and in lower mountain forest regions up to a height of 1500 meters. In South America, the occurrences are sometimes limited to altitudes below 1000 meters.

Black Warbler feed on insects and other invertebrates . They look for their food by hopping on the ground, on dead wood, along streams and river banks or in moist areas on the forest floor. Sometimes they catch their prey in flight from the ground. Especially in the rainy season you can watch the animals on the edges of puddles and pools or on wet forest paths, from which they take refuge on a low branch when they are frightened. During their search, the broad tail swings continuously back and forth, bobbing up and down.

The misshapen arched or tubular nest with a side entrance is built on embankments near waterways or paths. Both parents participate in building the nest. Various plants are used as nesting material and the nest is lined with fine plant fibers and dried leaf fragments. The only records of the breeding season are from Costa Rica from April to August about clutches consisting of two eggs. The incubation period is 16 to 17 days, occasionally 19 days; the nestling period 13 to 14 days. In addition, animals ready for reproduction were spotted in Colombia before February .

Systematics and distribution

Distribution area of ​​the Schmätzerwald warbler

Six recognized subspecies are described:

  • Myiothlypis f. fulvicauda ( Spix , 1825) - Found in the Amazon basin in southwest Colombia, east Ecuador , northeast Peru , northwest Brazil, and northern Bolivia .
  • Myiothlypis f. leucopygia ( PL Sclater & Salvin , 1873) - Common in Central America. From north-central Honduras south through Nicaragua and Costa Rica (except the extreme southwest) to the Caribbean area of Veraguas in the west of Panama . The base of the tail, the upper tail-coverts and the lower rump are light straw-yellow to light yellow-brown and the breast plumage and the flanks are clearly spotted olive. The upper side plumage is more dark and more brownish-olive.
  • Myiothlypis f. semicervina ( PL Sclater, 1860) - The range extends from Darién in Panama south through the foothills of the western Andes to Tumbes and the extreme north of Piura in northwest Peru. This subspecies resembles the nominate form in appearance. The base of the tail, the upper tail-coverts and the lower rump are more yellow-brown and the gray crown plumage is darker. The underside plumage is more rich yellow-brown, except for the light beige-white throat.
  • Myiothlypis f. veraguensis ( Sharpe , 1885) - Found in the Pacific area of ​​southern Central America (from southwest Costa Rica to the Panama Canal Zone in central Panama). Similar to the subspecies Phaeothlypis f. leucopygia . The plumage over the chest is spotted olive.
  • Myiothlypis f. Significans ( Zimmer , 1949) - Widespread in the Amazon basin in southeastern Peru at the tributaries of the Río Inambari and the Rio Tambopata. The base of the tail, the upper tail-coverts and the lower rump are less yellow-brown than in the other subspecies and the upper side plumage is lighter and more greenish-olive than in the nominate form. Apparently this subspecies resembles more P. r. boliviana - a subspecies of the sister species Phaeothlypis rivularis - especially in the tail pattern.
  • Myiothlypis f. motacilla ( AH Miller , 1952) - Occurrence limited to higher regions in the Magdalena department of Colombia. Specially resembles the subspecies Phaeothlypis f. semicervina ; however, the plumage is lighter straw yellow. The upper side plumage is lighter and more greenish and the lower side plumage more white.

swell

literature

  • Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 , pp. 90 and 227-228.

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