Apolinar wren

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Apolinar wren
Cistothorus apolinari (17186001322) .jpg

Apolinarz wren ( Cistothorus apolinari )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cistothorus
Type : Apolinar wren
Scientific name
Cistothorus apolinari
Chapman , 1914

The Apolinarzaunkönig ( Cistothorus apolinari ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), which in Colombia endemic is. The stock is on the IUCN as endangered ( Endangered estimated).

features

The Apolinarzwönig reaches a body length of about 12.0 cm. The top of the head is matte chestnut brown, the side of the face gray-brown and indistinctly patterned. The stripe behind the eyes is only indistinct and is slightly lighter than the top of the head and the ear covers. The blackish brown shoulders and back are decorated with whitish yellowish brown horizontal stripes up to the middle back. The back and rump are light reddish brown. The upper wing-coverts are medium brown with a dark brown grid pattern. The outer flags of the hand and arm wings are striped dark brown and light yellow brown. The control feathers are red-brown with blackish brown bands. The underside is pale yellow-brown to brown, lighter on the throat, darker on the chest and more reddish brown on the rear flanks. The eyes are brown, the upper bill blackish, the lower bill greyish. The legs are gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have a gray-brown head without the hind eye stripe. The back nape is yellow-brown, the back less striped than in adult birds.

Behavior and nutrition

All findings on the eating habits of the nominate form of the apolinar wince come from the excrement analyzes of captured birds. In this case dominated with 74% midges , followed by spinning , various Diptera , mosquitoes , caterpillars and the like. The largest identified prey was a dragonfly . C. a. hernandezi , well-digested insects were found in the stomach. When searching for food, it climbs up the stalks of the plants and then falls down almost to water level.

Vocalizations

The Apolinar wren's song consists of quick repetitive sequences of half a dozen harsh, sawing chirps that usually start low, go up and down, or a series of rising and falling chirp mixes of rough, harsh tones. His repertoire consists of six to seven songs. In contrast, C. a. hernandezi a wider range of at least eleven songs. Both sexes sing, with the female often initiating the vocal round. Singing in company with others is very pronounced in the subspecies. The male sings different songs antiphonically or in a duet in unison with other songs.

Reproduction

Little is known about the breeding biology of the nominate form of the Apolinarzwönigs. Males were discovered in a breeding mood in March and August, reports of eggs were made in July, and nestlings just hatched in late October. All these indicators suggest two broods per year. It could be breeding in small colonies. A nest was described as a ball about 15 cm in diameter, built from strips of cattail leaves and attached to a thick cattail about 1.5 meters above the water. The other subspecies is a cooperative breeder that takes care of the nest in groups of five to ten individuals and defends it, even if only one pair is breeding. The nest is roughly spherical with a side entrance. He weaves this from blades of grass and leaves and lays it out with woolly leaves of the genus Espeletia . A clutch consists of two white eggs, incubation is carried out exclusively by the female. The nest of the nominate form is occasionally used by the blackbird ( Molothrus bonariensis ( Gmelin, JF , 1789)) as a host's nest .

distribution and habitat

The nominate form of the Apolinarzwönigs prefers wetlands and vegetation near lakes, especially with cattails and ledges . It occurs at altitudes from 2500 to 3000 meters. Only once has it been spotted at 3015 meters. The other subspecies moves in swampy páramo , which is dominated by scrub of the species Diplostephium revolutum . You can also meet him in open páramo with Espeletia grandiflora , but also the dwarf bamboo species Chusquea tessellata , which he uses for his nest building, seems to be very important for his survival. The subspecies is at altitudes between 3800 and 3900 meters.

migration

The apolino wren is considered to be a resident bird. Individual specimens of the nominate form were discovered further away from their normal environment, which could indicate local train movements.

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Cistothorus apolinari apolinari Chapman , 1914 occurs in the Andes north of Bogotá .
  • Cistothorus apolinari hernandezi Stiles & Caycedo , 2002 is distributed in the Andes south of Bogotá . The subspecies is whitish on the underside, has no strong yellow-brown tint in the lower chest and stomach area. The wings are larger, the tail smaller and the beak more powerful than in the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the Apolinarzwönig was in 1914 by Frank Michler Chapman under the scientific name Cistothorus apolinari . The type specimen was collected by brother Apolinar Maria, born as Nicolás Seiler (1867–1949), in the Suba swamps . As early as 1850, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Cistothorus, which was new to science, for the sedge wren ( Cistothorus stellaris ( Naumann, JF , 1823)). This name is derived from "cistos κιστος " for "bush" and "thouros θουρος " for "jump, run along". The species name »apolinari« is dedicated to its collector. »Hernandezi« honors the Colombian zoologist Jorge Ignacio Hernández Camacho (1935–2002).

literature

  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Apolinar's Wren (Cistothorus apolinari) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Frank Michler Chapman: Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 33 , no. 40 , 1914, pp. 603–637 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  • Frank Garfield Stiles III, Paula Caycedo Rosales: A new subspecies of Apolinar's Wren (Cistothorus apolinari. Aves: Troglodytidae). an endangered Colombian endemic / Una nueva subespecie de soterrey de Apolinar (Cistothorus apolinari, Aves: Troglodytidae), un endemismo colombiano en peligro . In: Caldasia . tape 24 , no. 1 , June 2002, ISSN  0366-5232 , p. 191-199 ( revistas.unal.edu.co ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).

Web links

Commons : Apolinarzaunkönig ( Cistothorus apolinari )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ a b c Frank Michler Chapman, pp. 635-637
  4. ↑ a b Frank Garfield Stiles III u. a., pp. 192-195
  5. ^ Jean Louis Cabanis (1850), p. 77.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 109.