Kauaiklarino

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Kauaiklarino
Myadestes myadestinus Keulemans.jpg

Kauaiklarino ( Myadestes myadestinus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Family : Thrushes (Turdidae)
Subfamily : Myadestinae
Genre : Klarinos ( Myadestes )
Type : Kauaiklarino
Scientific name
Myadestes myadestinus
( Stejneger , 1887)

The Kauaiklarino ( Myadestes myadestinus ), also known as the Great Kauai Thrush or Kāmaʻo , is an extinct species of songbird from the genus Klarinos ( Myadestes ) within the thrush family (Turdidae). It was endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i .

features

The Kauaiklarino reached a size of 18 to 20 cm. The sexes did not differ outwardly. The wing length was 103 to 107 mm in the male and 100 to 103 mm in the female. The barrel length was 33 to 34 mm and the beak length 12.5 to 14 mm.

In adult birds, the forehead up to the crown, the neck and the front back were gray-brown or pale gray or gray-olive, tinged in the carried plumage. The rest of the back, the shoulder feathers, the rump and the upper tail covers were olive to olive brown. The tail was brown. The tail feathers and the bases of the outer tail feathers were lighter or olive brown, the four outer tail feathers were yellow-brown and the outermost had a small white spot at the top. The middle arm covers were colored like the shoulder feathers or lined more vividly olive brown. The large arm covers were brown with light yellow-brown seams. Inside, the large wing covers were olive brown. The alula was dark brown. The hand covers were also dark brown, but with fine olive brown hems on the outer flags. The wings of the hand and arm were brown with narrow, bright, vivid brown hems on the inside of the hand covers. The arm covers were broader, sandy brown. They formed a field on the folded wing. The umbrella feathers were dark brown with light olive brown edges and tips. On the inside of the hand and arm covers was a light field with orange-brown or rust-brown bases. The under wing-coverts were silvery-white with a light yellow-brown tint at the bases of the hand and arm wings. The reins, the cheeks and the ear covers were olive or olive brown with fine light yellow brown spots or strands.

habitat

The habitat were dense mountain forests and forest edges. From the 1980s onwards, the species was only found in the moist mountain forest in the Alakai Swamp Reserve, where rainfall amounts to over 6000 mm per year. Unconfirmed sightings are said to have occurred from the Pihea Ridge Trail above the Kalalau Valley. In the past, the Kauaiklarino was found in forests at sea level, in mountain forests in deep, steep-walled gorges or on mountain ridges with moderately moist or humid forests.

Way of life

The Kauaiklarino was trusting and easy to approach. He sat upright and shook his wings and tail in an excited manner. However, he also spent long periods of time motionless. He looked for food in trees and bushes. It was mainly a fruit eater and its diet consisted of the berries of Cheirodendron trigynum , Metrosideros polymorpha , Broussaisia ​​arguta , Vaccinium reticulatum , Astelia menziesiana , Leptecophylla tameiameiae , Myrsine lanaiensis , Pipturus albidus , from the fruits of the lobelite berries , as well as the flowers of the lobelia berries Coprosma and Freycinetia . In addition, invertebrates such as spiders, beetles and their larvae, dragonflies and caterpillars enriched the food supply. Nothing is known about the reproductive behavior.

status

At the end of the 19th century, the kauaiklarino was still very common and widespread. In the mid-1930s, it was still fairly common, at least in parts of its range. A sharp decline began in the mid-1940s. Between 1968 and 1973 200 specimens were counted, in 1981 fewer than 20 individuals. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the observations have become increasingly rare. The last documented sighting was in 1992, but there is supposed to have been a possible evidence in January 1996. In 1994 the Kauaiklarino was classified by the IUCN in the category " critically endangered ". In 2004 it was added to the list of extinct bird species. The reasons for the species' disappearance are not well known. Mosquitoes, which spread avian malaria, are believed to be the main culprit.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kauaiklarino ( Myadestes myadestinus )  - collection of images, videos and audio files