Freycinetia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Freycinetia
Freycinetia banksii on a Kohekohe tree in New Zealand

Freycinetia banksii on a Kohekohe tree in New Zealand

Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Screw tree-like (Pandanales)
Family : Screw tree plants (Pandanaceae)
Genre : Freycinetia
Scientific name
Freycinetia
Gaudich.

Freycinetia is a genus of plants in the screw tree family(Pandanaceae).

description

Appearance and leaves

Freycinetia species usually grow as lianas , rarely as perennial herbaceous plants . They usually have long, climbing or climbing shoot axes and form aerial roots.

The leaves are more or less close together in a spiral to two rows. The simple leaf blades are relatively long and linear or lanceolate. There are clear leaf sheaths with membranous, more or less rapidly fading edges.

Inflorescences and fruit clusters, flowers, fruits and seeds

Freycinetia species are mostly dioecious ( dioecious ); some Australian species are also monoecious ( monoecious ) segregated. Usually short, dold- like or racemose total inflorescences are formed terminally or laterally , which contain single or usually two to five simple, piston-shaped partial inflorescences (spadix) standing on inflorescence shafts. The total inflorescence contains green or conspicuously colored bracts (spathe) standing together in three rows , which initially envelop the partial inflorescences and then slowly wither.

The flowers are mostly unisexual and rarely hermaphroditic (for example Freycinetia reineckei ). There are no bracts . The stamens are close together on the rachis . The ovaries are close together on the rachis and are often surrounded by tiny staminodes . The unicameral ovary contains many ovules . There are two or more stigmas in each female or hermaphrodite flower.

Many berries stand together in the piston-shaped fruit stands (sometimes referred to as fruit clusters ) . The berries contain many seeds. The endosperm is starchy.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Freycinetia was established in 1824 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré in Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris) , Volume 3, page 509. The generic name Freycinetia honors the French naval officer and geologist Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet (1779–1842). In 1967, Freycinetia arborea Gaudich became the lectotype species . by Benjamin Clemens Stone in Gardens' Bulletin. Straits Settlements. Singapore , Volume 22, Page 129. Synonyms for Freycinetia Gaudich. are Jezabel Banks ex Salisb. and Victoriperrea Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne.

For some time in 1867 it also became its own subfamily Freycinetioideae Kurz , Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London , Volume 5, Page 94 (Freycinetieae) and in 1868 even a Freycinetiaceae Brongn family of their own . ex Le Maout & Decne. , Traité Général Bot. , Page 624. Today the genus Freycinetia is assigned to the family Pandanaceae .

Freycinetia species are found from Sri Lanka to Southeast Asia , in Australia , New Zealand and on Pacific islands. Most of the species are found in New Guinea.

Illustration from Rumphia, sive, Commentationes botanicæ¦ imprimis de plantis Indiæ¦ Orientalis by Freycinetia angustifolia
Freycinetia arborea , the bulb-shaped partial inflorescences are initially covered by the bracts
Freycinetia arborea , the piston-shaped partial inflorescences with the conspicuous bracts
Freycinetia arborea , a few bulb-shaped fruit clusters stand together.
Illustration of Freycinetia banksii
Immature piston-shaped fruit clusters of Freycinetia banksii
Whole inflorescence with white bracts and bulb-shaped partial inflorescences of Freycinetia beccarii
Habit of Freycinetia cumingiana
Axis with leaves and ripe fruits of Freycinetia excelsa
Piston-shaped pods of Freycinetia formosana
Illustration from Rumphia, sive, Commentationes botanicæ¦ imprimis de plantis Indiæ¦ Orientalis from Freycinetia funicularis
Habit of Freycinetia insignis
Deciduous leaves and budding whole inflorescence with conspicuous bracts of Freycinetia luzonensis
Freycinetia multiflora
Freycinetia multiflora
Freycinetia scandens

There are 175 to 180 species of Freycinetia :

use

The sweet fruits and the juicy bracts of the inflorescences of some species can be eaten. The leaves were widely used for braiding and weaving, although the wider leaves of New Zealand flax were preferred. Mats and baskets were made for storing food. The aerial roots were collected as binding material and to make fish traps and sandals.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Kun Sun, Robert A. DeFilipps: Pandanaceae : In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 . Freycinetia , p. 127 - online with the same text as the printed work .
  2. ^ Paul Alan Cox: Bisexuality in the Pandanaceae: New Findings in the Genus Freycinetia. In: Biotropica , Volume 13, Issue 3, 1981, pp. 195-198.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  4. ↑ Freycinetia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on 17-03-2020.
  5. ↑ Freycinetia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Freycinetia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved on 20-05-2020.
  7. ^ Benjamin C. Stone: A New Species and New Section of the Genus Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from New Caledonia. In: Pacific Science , Volume 33, 1979, Issue 2. PDF .

Web links

Commons : Freycinetia  - collection of images, videos and audio files