Gerdt Hardorff

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Portrait of Gerd Hardorff the Elder by Franz Heesche (detail), 1856, Hamburger Kunsthalle (black and white illustration)
Christ on the Cross , St. Severini , loan from the main church of St. Jacobi
The Last Supper , St. Severini, on loan from the main church of St. Jacobi
Two sturgeons , around 1795, Hamburger Kunsthalle
"Gerdt Hardorff the Elder. Ae. ”Collective grave painter , Ohlsdorf cemetery

Gerdt Hardorff the Elder (born May 11, 1769 in Steinkirchen ( Altes Land ), † May 19, 1864 in Hamburg ) was a German painter , graphic artist , art collector and pioneering drawing teacher for many Hamburg painters.

Life

Gerdt Hardorff was born the son of the shipper and grain trader Gerd Hardorff (* 1732) and his wife Alheit, née Dreyer, in Steinkirchen in the Altes Land . Shortly before 1780 the father moved with his family to Hamburg. Gerdt Hardorff had a total of seven siblings. He received his first drawing lessons from 1783 from Johann Anton Tischbein at the Johanneum . He then attended the drawing school of the Patriotic Society , which was awarded a silver medal in 1784 .

From 1788 to 1794 he studied portrait and history painting with Giovanni Battista Casanova at the Dresden Art Academy with a grant from the Patriotic Society . During his studies, some painters gathered around him with whom he founded a private academy that met in his room, including Philipp Veith , Johann Christian Klengel and Johann Heinrich Menken . People drew nudes based on living models and, unlike academics, pursued studies in nature. In March 1794, Hardorff won first prize with his painting Cain after the fratricide at the academy exhibition. In the same year it was also exhibited in Hamburg. In addition to studying art, he studied old literary classics, supported by his brother Johann, who worked in Dresden as a professor for oriental languages. Another brother, Hinrich Andreas Hardorff (* approx. 1780) also became a painter and draftsman, but remained quite unknown. It is recorded in the Hamburg address book from 1816 to 1819. During Gerd Hardorff's time in Dresden, he also met Friedrich Schiller , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Johann Gottfried Herder and Hanns Moritz von Brühl . Brühl tried to win Hardorff to accompany his son Carl von Brühl to Italy , but Hardorff refused.

In the summer of 1794 Gerdt Hardorff returned to Hamburg. In 1795 he painted the altar paintings Christ on the Cross and The Last Supper for the Marien Magdalenen Church . Both oil paintings were later bought by the elder Hermann Flügge for the main church Sankt Jacobi and have been on loan in the St. Severini church in Hamburg-Kirchwerder since 1988 . In 1796 Hardorff portrayed Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock . This drawing served him in 1819 as a template for a custom built by him lithography . In 1827 the French envoy in Hamburg, Jean Baptiste Gaspard Roux de Rochelle , commissioned Hardorff to paint a portrait of Klopstock, for which the drawing or the print served as a template. The oil painting is now in the collection of the Palace of Versailles . The lithograph or the painting served other lithographers, copper or steel engravers as a template, such as Friedrich Theodor Müller, Johann Friedrich Bolt and François Pigeot.

Hardorff became a Hamburg citizen on January 16, 1797, and on January 19 he married his childhood sweetheart Juliane Mielck, the daughter of a Hamburg merchant. In 1797 he was listed for the first time in the Hamburg address book , as a portrait painter in Neustädter Fuhlentwiete 102. In 1798 he moved to Bleichengang 107 in Hamburg-Altstadt , in 1802 to Bleichengang 133. On Goethe's recommendation, he was elected drawing teacher at the Johanneum in 1802. On January 1, 1803, he began the service. In the Hamburg address book of 1804 he was listed as a drawing teacher at the Johanneum in Neustädter Fuhlentwiete 119. As a drawing teacher, he also worked partially parallel 1796–1822 at the drawing school of the Patriotic Society , 1798–1812 and 1818–1822 at the Paßmann's school for the poor on Sägerplatz (today Ludwig-Erhard-Straße ) and from 1834 at the secondary school, which is now separated from the Johanneum of the Johanneum. His pupils included the painters Louis Asher , Johann Wilhelm David Bantelmann , Johann Hieronymus Barckhan , Karl Theodor Boehme , Peter Nikolaus Buson (1783 – after 1830), Theodor Bülau , Ferdinand Theodor Dose , Johann Gottfried Eiffe , Günther Gensler , Jacob Gensler , Georg Haeselich , his sons Gerdt Hardorff the Younger (1800–1834) and Rudolf Hardorff (1816–1907), who became painters, his son Julius Theodor Hardorff (1818–1898), who became a painter and architect, and the painter Franz Heesche , Hermann Kauffmann , Henri Lehmann , Carl Julius Milde , Julius Oldach , Philipp Otto Runge , Karl Schlesinger , Emil Gottlieb Schuback , Hermann Wilhelm Soltau , Erwin Speckter , Otto Speckter , Hermann Steinfurth , Heinrich Stuhlmann and Friedrich Wasmann .

In 1815 Hardorff published his first portfolio with etchings . In 1825 he portrayed the painter Andreas Borum . The oil painting is now part of the collection of the Museum of Hamburg History . In the 1820s he created portraits of Johann Gottfried Gurlitt (1827) and Karl Friedrich Hipp for the Johanneum . In 1828/1829 he painted a portrait of the Johanneum founder Johannes Bugenhagen , which the mayor Martin Garlieb Sillem (1769–1835) commissioned and donated to the Johanneum in 1829 for its triple centenary . The oil painting was restored with 14 others between 1997 and 1999 and is now hanging in the humanist gallery in the Rector's corridor in the Johanneum. In the same corridor, Hardorff's oil painting Expulsion of the Dominicans from the Johannis Monastery hangs , which he also painted on the occasion of the triple centenary . Hardorff's blind son Gerdt died on May 16, 1834. At a late age he gradually became blind himself, so that in the first few months of 1849 he could no longer practice the profession of drawing teacher at the two schools of the Johanneum and had to apply for his retirement, which he was granted with full salary. Hardorff's addresses in the Hamburg address book changed frequently. From 1841 to 1849 he had two addresses each. From 1850 only one, and there is no longer any job title in the address book. From then until his death he lived at Drehbahn 44 in Hamburg-Neustadt. His son Rudolf Hardorff also had two addresses for a while, but from 1845 he shared one of them with him, most recently the address Drehbahn 44.

Gerd Hardorff was a founding member of the Kunstverein in Hamburg , which was founded in January 1822 . In 1852 the Hamburg Artists' Association awarded him honorary membership. In 1856 Franz Heesche portrayed Gerd Hardorff. The Hamburg Artists' Association donated the Hardorff oil painting in honor of the Kunstverein's public picture gallery in Hamburg , which was located under the stock exchange arcades of the Chamber of Commerce on Adolphsplatz . The collection of the Gemäldegalerie and the collections of Georg Ernst Harzen and Johann Matthias Commeter later formed the basis of the collection of the Hamburger Kunsthalle . Gerdt Hardorff died on May 19, 1864 and was buried in a crypt on May 23 in the cemetery of the main church Sankt Petri of the Dammtorfriedhöfe . His wife Juliane died five years before him. In addition to his work, Hardorff left behind his collection of old masters and his collection of around 5,000 drawings and graphics, both of which were auctioned in 1864 and 1867.

Works by Gerdt Hardorff can be found in the collections of the Hamburger Kunsthalle, the Museum for Hamburg History, the Schleswig-Holstein State Library , the Hamburg Johanneum, the Heine'schen Wohnstift of the Hartwig-Hesse Foundation , the main church Sankt Jacobi (two paintings are on loan from St. Severini's Church), the Palace of Versailles and the Philadelphia Museum of Art .

In the area of ​​the Althamburg Memorial Cemetery of the Ohlsdorf Cemetery , the collective grave of Maler commemorates Gerdt Hardorff, among others.

In 1927 the Hardorffsweg in Hamburg-Barmbek-Nord was named after him.

Exhibitions (selection)

  • 2019: Hamburg School - The 19th Century Rediscovered (April 12 to July 14), Hamburger Kunsthalle - Two Sturgeons , around 1795, oil on canvas, 24.5 × 13.5 cm (Hamburger Kunsthalle, Inv.-No . HK-2749)

literature

Web links

Commons : Gerdt Hardorff  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Friedrich Stammann: Gerdt Hardorff (obituary). In: Hamburger Nachrichten , June 15, 1864, p. 1 ( digitized version )
  2. ↑ a b Genealogy Hardorff
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Hardorff: Gerdt Hardorff. A forgotten Hamburg artist . In: Das Johanneum - Announcements of the Association of Former Students of the Scholars School of the Johanneum , Issue 33, December 1, 1935, pp. 224–226 ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ a b c Gerrit Walczak: The portrait of the founder of the Johanneum by Gerdt Hardorff the Elder. In: Das Johanneum - Announcements of the Association of Former Students of the Scholars School of the Johanneum , Heft 1, 2000, pp. 40, 42–49 ( digitized version )
  5. ↑ All old sources under literature that give a year, up to and including Thieme-Becker . (In the Neuen Rump 1789. There also wrongly as the date of death May 22nd.)
  6. ↑ a b c d Maike Bruhns : Hardorff, Gerdt d. Ä. In: The new rump. Lexicon of the visual artists of Hamburg . Ed .: Rump family. Revised new edition of Ernst Rump's dictionary . Supplemented and revised by Maike Bruhns, Wachholtz, Neumünster 2013, ISBN 978-3-529-02792-5 , p. 176
  7. ^ Maike Bruhns: Hardorff, Hinrich Andreas . In: The new rump. Lexicon of the visual artists of Hamburg . Ed .: Rump family. Revised new edition of Ernst Rump's dictionary. Supplemented and revised by Maike Bruhns, Wachholtz, Neumünster 2013, ISBN 978-3-529-02792-5 , p. 176
  8. ↑ Hardorff, back. Andr. in the Hamburg address book from 1817
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Victor Dirksen : Hardorff, Hamburg artist family . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 16 : Hansen – Heubach . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1923, p. 29-30 .
  10. ↑ Year of manufacture Christ on the Cross 1795 at bildindex.de
  11. ↑ Year of production The Last Supper 1795 at bildindex.de
  12. ↑ (upper age 1814). The main church of St. Jacobi . In: Hamburg address book from 1908, Section V, p. 7
  13. ↑ Gerd Hoffmann: Die Vierländer Church St. Severini zu Kirchwerder , 1990, PDF file from bergedorf-chronik.de , p. 4
  14. ↑ 1964 Klopstock (Friedrich Gottlieb) . In: Hans Schröder: Lexicon of the Hamburg writers up to the present , Volume 4: Klincker - Lyser . Continued by Friedrich August Cropp and Carl Rudolph Wilhelm Klose , Association for Hamburg History (eds.), W. Maukes Sons , Hamburg 1866, p. 13 (last line) and 14 ( digitized version )
  15. ↑ Staats und Gelehre Zeitung of the Hamburg impartial correspondent , 1819, p. 217
  16. ↑ Hamburg Address Book 1797, p. 91
  17. ↑ a b c Obituary for Gerdt Hardorff in: Schulnachrichten . In: To the public dismissal ... will take place in the auditorium of the Johanneum, invites all teachers in the name of all teachers ... , Hamburg 1865, p. 39-40 ( digitized version )
  18. ^ The portfolio at the Philadelphia Museum of Art
  19. ^ Hardorff, Gerdt, senior . In: Hamburgisches Künstler-Lexikon , edited by the Association for Hamburg History . Hoffmann and Campe , Hamburg 1854, pp. 126–127 ( digitized version )
  20. ↑ Protocol book of the Kunstverein 1822–1842 on kunstverein.de , PDF-S. 53
  21. ↑ Hamburg's merchants and art on the website of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce
  22. ↑ Mentioned in the third section in Heritage Day on 09 September 2012: Heine'sches Wohnstift, Holstenwall 18, Hamburg on the site of the memorial association Hamburg
  23. ↑ Rita Bake : A Memory of the City. Streets, squares, bridges named after women and men , Volume 3, as of December 2017, p. 633 ( PDF file )
personal data
SURNAME Hardorff, Gerdt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1769
PLACE OF BIRTH Steinkirchen (Altes Land)
DATE OF DEATH May 19, 1864
Place of death Hamburg