St. Severini (Hamburg-Kirchwerder)
Coordinates: 53 ° 25 ′ 6.8 ″ N , 10 ° 11 ′ 54.4 ″ E
The Church of St. Severini is in Vierlanden , in the Hamburg district of Kirchwerder, near the southeastern course of the Gose Elbe , which was the border between the dioceses of Verden and Ratzeburg. It is the largest church in the Vierlande.
history
The core building dates from the 13th century and, according to earlier views , should have been built by the Cistercians as a monastery church. However, this assumption cannot be brought into line with the proven history of the Cistercians in northern Germany. A connection between the St. Severini Church and the Wenden Crusade of Henry the Lion (1147) can be considered. The first documents from which one can infer a church building in the village date from 1217.
The church was first mentioned directly as a stone church in 1319 . Like all four-country churches, it has been rebuilt and repaired several times over the centuries. The field stone walls were largely replaced by brick , with a previously existing entrance in the east wall being closed. In 1649 and 1650 a porch, the bridal house , was added to the north side . Between 1785 and 1791 the church was completely renovated in order to remove “superfluous traces of the horrific antiquity ”, as it was called at the time. Not only was an extension added on the south side, but a barrel vault was also installed instead of the flat ceiling that was previously installed, new windows were inserted and parts of the furnishings were renewed. The work was carried out by the master carpenter Harm Wulff from Curslack , who is said to have had good contacts with Ernst Georg Sonnin .
Renovations and repairs were always necessary. The best known were made in 1916 under the direction of Julius Faulwasser , in 1955 to isolate the masonry against rising soil moisture and in 1988 to extensively secure the masonry.
In 1470, the pastor was apparently killed by locals for no reason that is still known today. As a result, the entire village of Kirchwerder was temporarily under the great church ban .
Furnishing
The furnishings, which were influenced by the classicist style, essentially come from the late 18th century, only the north gallery, which is decorated with paintings, is older. It was built between 1672 and 1674 and extended in 1751.
The altar was already in place when it was re-consecrated in 1785 and is attributed to the Bergedorf carpenter Radefahr. The original altarpiece was a crucifixion scene by the Lübeck painter Johann Caspar Bleyel , which was replaced in 1988 by a similar depiction by Gerdt Hardorff due to its poor condition . The painting in the predella was also made by him . Both pictures initially hung in the Marien-Magdalenen-Kloster, after 1814 they came to Hamburg's main church St. Jacobi and came to Kirchwerder on permanent loan.
The confessional under the north gallery, which is now used as a sacristy , was added to the church during the major renovations in 1785. Pulpit and baptism followed later, they were made in 1806 by Neuengammer master carpenter Heinrich Busch. Two years earlier, the congregation had decided against taking over a marble pulpit from the Hamburg Mariendom, which was planned for demolition .
All galleries are decorated with a 38-part cycle of Old and New Testament scenes from the 17th and 18th centuries. Rotated columns separate the panels from each other, each with an explanation of the content and the name of the donor. The pictures in the altar gallery are also on loan from the main church of St. Jacobi. On the gallery parapet of the south wing are 12 medieval apostles, which probably belonged to an altar built around 1500 and have been in the church since 1928.
The church stalls, richly decorated with carvings and inlays , are one of the most splendid pieces of equipment . Its oldest parts date from 1638 and 1641, the newer ones from the 18th century. The many wrought-iron, ornate hat stands on the men's benches are worth seeing.
The brass chandeliers date from the 17th century and are gifts from the citizens of Kirchwerder. The church still has silver altar candlesticks, which were made in 1722 by the Hamburg silversmith Johannes Grünow.
Bell tower and bells
As is often found in the four-country churches, the bell tower is not attached to the nave , but is a little apart and offset to the south-west. The wooden structure was probably built around 1600. It first appears in the church registers in 1634, with the dates 1604 and 1664 on its beams. In 1771 the current spire was added. The bell tower is separated into an outer structure and the inner belfry proper . When the defective outer cladding was to be replaced in 2009, however, significant damage was also found to the load-bearing wooden structure. The subsequent extensive restoration of the tower, during which it received not only a new cladding but also a completely new roof, was completed in 2012.
A well-known popular legend explains the position of the bell towers with the fact that the devil tried to throw the towers into the Elbe because he was annoyed by the ringing of the bells. However, he did not get a good grip on the towers and had to put them down again. Then God told him "You are only going to lose Eenmol", whereupon the tower stopped at this point.
The following bronze bells are located in the tower:
| Casting year |
Diameter (cm) |
Height (cm) |
Chime |
inscription |
Bell caster |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1656 | 138 | 115 | AT THE TIMES OF ANNO MDCLVI ON JUNE 27TH M. JACOBI / MULLERS PASTORIS IN THE KIRCHWÄRDER CLAUS EGGERS / VOGET AND HARMEN OTTEN DITMER KÖNCKS CLAUS / TIMMEN JOCHIM RYKEN CHURCH SWORN THIS / BELL TO THE NICE OF GOD / HONORING THE BELL OF GOD MASTER PAUL VOSS IN LUNEBURG. | Paul Voss | |
| 1695 | 99 | 81 | ANNO CHRISTI 1695 M. AUGUSTO / BEY ZEITEN H: JOHANNIS REIMBOLD / PRAEF. BERGEDORF / ALBERTI BALEMANN PAST / IM KIRCH WERDER / HEIN WÖRMERS LANDVOIGTS / VND HEIN LUTKEN DIDERICH GLADIATOR / CARSTEN JOHANNSEN VND JOCHIM WITTHÜFT / KIRCH-SCHORENEN IS THIS BELL IN THE GUNTO OF THE GOD OF THE GOD. | Otto Struve | |
| 1739 | 123 | 108 | I BEAT THE BUSZ AND BETHGLOCK AT THE HEART OF GOD / EVERYONE VOTES THE END LET YOURSELF / DUTY TO GOD AND HIS NEXT COURT. | Johann Andreas Bieber |
organ
The organ has 20 stops on two manuals and a pedal . It goes back to an instrument by Hinrich Speter from 1641, perhaps as early as 1628, who took over some heavy hammered lead registers from the previous organ. Repairs were carried out in 1681 by Arp Schnitger , Otto Diedrich Richborn (1727–1729), Reinerus Caspary (around 1734) and Johann Dietrich Busch (1752). A major extension was made between 1784 and 1786 by Johann Paul Geycke and his son-in-law Balthasar Wohlien, who created the prospectus .
In 1904 the organ was rebuilt by Paul Rother , but six registers from Speter and several from 1785 were preserved. The last major renovation, which also included changes to the layout, was carried out by Rudolf von Beckerath organ building in 1959. Since then, the disposition has been (alternate register names listed in the literature are in brackets):
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- Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
- Remarks
- (S) = Register at least partially from 1641
- (G) = Register at least partially from 1785
- (S, G) = Register partly from 1641, partly from 1785
inner space
Interior seen from the gallery
Parts of the gallery pictures
Cheeks with inlays
One of the chandeliers
Hat stands on the benches
graveyard
In the cemetery there are over 90 grave slabs made of sandstone from the 16th to 19th centuries. A population of this size is very rare in northern Germany. The most valuable pieces are now in the bridal house, but the majority are on the edge of the modern cemetery. Inscriptions from the period before 1640 are in Low German , all plates are carefully crafted and show coats of arms, Christian scenes, some portraits of the deceased or depictions of children in costume .
The elaborate processing and the unusual material are evidence of the prosperity of the four-country farmers at that time. When the use of grave slabs went out of fashion after the 18th century, some of the old slabs found new uses in courtyards as door sills and curbstones. The families viewed them as their own property and did not hesitate to break them up for other purposes. There is also a stepping stone from an old grave slab in front of the door on the south wall of the church.
literature
- Ralf Lange : Architecture in Hamburg . Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-88506-586-9 , p. 329 .
- Gerd Hoffmann, Konrad Lindemann: Churches in town and country . Hower Verlag, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-922995-90-X , p. 25, 64 ff .
- Barbara Leisner, Norbert Fischer : The cemetery guide . Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-7672-1215-3 , p. 161 f .
- Matthias Gretzschel : Hamburg's churches: history, architecture, offers . Axel Springer Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86370-116-1 , p. 306-311 .
- Harald Richert: Hat stand - a specialty of the four-country churches. In: Lichtwark booklet . No. 69. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf 2004, ISSN 1862-3549 .
- On the restoration of the bell tower: Dorothee Reimann: No second chance for the devil . In: German Foundation for Monument Protection (Hrsg.): Monuments . No. 1 , 2012, ISSN 0941-7125 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Article "800 years of St. Severini" ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the homepage of the municipality. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ↑ Standard German: "You can only try once."
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Church history and furnishings, sections 1.5.8 to 1.5.11. ) Retrieved on August 28, 2013.
- ↑ Joachim Gerhardt: The old organs in the churches of the Vier- und Marschlande. In: Lichtwark . No. 12. Ed. Bergedorf District Office, Bergedorf 1955. See now: Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf. ISSN 1862-3549
- ↑ Gustav Fock : Arp Schnitger and his school. A contribution to the history of organ building in the North and Baltic Sea coast areas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1974, ISBN 3-7618-0261-7 , p. 36f.
- ↑ Entry in the organ database orgbase.nl . Retrieved February 21, 2013.
Web links
- Homepage of the parish
- Information on the parish cemetery
- Information leaflet about the grave slabs
- ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: history of the church ) on the homepage of the Vier- und Marschlande.