1365

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1365
The Alma Mater Rudolphina Vindobonensis is founded.
1365 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	813/814 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1357/58
Aztec calendar	2. Feuerstein - Ome Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February 1st tubes - Ce Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	1908/09 (southern Buddhism); 1907/08 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	67th (68th) cycle Year of the wood snake乙巳 ( at the beginning of the year wood dragon 甲辰)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	727/728 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	743/744
Islamic calendar	766/767 (turn of the year 17th / 18th September)
Jewish calendar	5125/26 (September 17/18)
Coptic calendar	1081/82
Malayalam calendar	540/541
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1675/76 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1676/77 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1403
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1421/22

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire / Denmark

• June 4th : Pope Urban V crowns Emperor Charles IV in Arles as King of Burgundy .
• November 22nd : The Hanseatic League concludes the Treaty of Vordingborg with King Waldemar IV of Denmark in order to alleviate their unfavorable situation in the First Waldemark War .

• Albrecht IV becomes Archduke of Austria .

Crusades

• A fleet of crusades leaves Venice and gathers on Rhodes by the beginning of September . There the crusaders are reinforced by the fleet and army of King Peter I of Cyprus as well as by the Knights of the Hospitaller Order , who live in Rhodes . The crusade against Alexandria is the largest since the Third Crusade nearly a hundred years earlier. Only after setting off does Peter I announce the destination of the Egyptian port city of Alexandria .
• October 9th : A few days after arriving in Alexandria, the city is stormed after the crusaders managed to overcome the city wall at an unguarded point. The crusaders loot and destroy the city in the following days, the population is massacred or abducted. When a Mamluk relief army approaches on October 12th, the crusaders bring their booty and prisoners onto their ships and retreat to Cyprus.
• From Cyprus, Peter I now intends to attack Beirut , but gives up his plan after the Republic of Venice has offered him high compensation, which fears for their trade route to Damascus .

Republic of Venice

Marco Cornaro coat of arms

• August 10th : Venetian colonies : The rebellious Venetian settlers on Crete declare allegiance to the Byzantine emperor John V , but they frighten him off when they act as champions of Orthodoxy against Latin Catholicism . After their defeat last year, the rebels retreat to the mountains and start a guerrilla war.
• July 18th : Lorenzo Celsi , the Doge of Venice , dies. The 80-year-old Marco Cornaro is elected as his successor .

Balkans / Ottoman Empire

• The Battle of Adrianople , which ends in victory for the Ottoman Empire , leads to the end of the Byzantine Empire as a territorial power in the Balkans . Shortly after the battle, the Ottomans move their capital from Bursa to Adrianople . The city offers an excellent base of operations for campaigns against the weakened Serbia and Bulgaria .

Other events in Europe

• Charles V of France succeeds in getting the troops of mercenaries, who have been unemployed since 1360 and marauding through the country in gangs, to fight in Castile .
• Pope Urban V demands the arrears tribute for the papal fief of England given to King John without land in 1213 . The claim is made by the English King Edward III. and rejected by Parliament and opposed publicly by John Wyclif in a pamphlet.

First documentary mentions

• Gächliwil is first mentioned in a document.
• First written mention of Bartholomä
• The construction of the Willibaldsburg in Eichstätt is completed.

science and technology

• March 12 : Duke Rudolf IV, the founder , and his brothers Albrecht and Leopold sign the founding deed of the University of Vienna . This makes it the second oldest university in the Holy Roman Empire after Charles University in Prague and the oldest still existing university in the German-speaking area. The lectures initially take place in the St. Stephan Citizens' School .

Chapel Bridge

• around 1365: The Chapel Bridge in Lucerne is built as a battlement .

religion

• The Hildesheim bishop Johann Schadland was transferred to the diocese of Worms at his own request , as he could no longer cope with the attacks by Duke Magnus I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .
• Gerhard von Berg , previously Bishop of Verden , becomes the new bishop in Hildesheim .

Born

Date of birth saved

• April 5 : Wilhelm II , Duke of Straubing-Holland († 1417 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Jīlī , Sufi and mystic († 1424 )
• Chen Cheng , Chinese diplomat of the Ming Dynasty († 1457 )
• Elisabeth , Countess of Sponheim and Vianden († 1417 )
• Hermann II. , Count of Cilli, Ortenburg and hereditary Ban of Slavonia († 1435 )
• Niccolò Niccoli , Florentine merchant and humanist († 1437 )
• Christer Nilsson , Swedish imperial councilor, knight, governor, Drost and imperial governor († 1442 )
• Violante von Bar , Queen of Aragón († 1431 )
• Magister Wigbold , German pirate and leader of the Vitalienbrüder († 1401 )

Born around 1365

• Jakob Rodewitz , German legal scholar († around 1431 )
• John de Ros , English nobleman and politician († around 1394 )

Died

Date of death secured

• May 1st : Konrad III. , Count of Rietberg
• May 28th : Roger de Pins , Grand Master of St. John
• June 30th : Johann II. Senn von Münsingen , Bishop of Basel (* around 1308 )

• July 18th : Lorenzo Celsi , Doge of Venice
• July 25th : Friedrich I , Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
• July 27 : Rudolf IV , Duke of Austria (* 1339 )

• August 12th : Ortolf von Weißeneck , Archbishop of Salzburg
• August 22nd : Barnim IV. , Duke of Pommern-Wolgast-Rügen (* 1325 )

• September 3 : Rudolf II of Anhalt , Bishop of Schwerin
• September 13 : . John II of Lichtenberg , Bishop of Strasbourg (* 1300 / 05 )
• September 16 : Berthold von Zollern , Bishop of Eichstätt (* 1320 )

• October 12 : Beatrix of Sicily-Aragon , Princess of Sicily-Aragon and Countess Palatine near the Rhine (* 1326 )
• November 8 : Niccolò Acciaiuoli , Italian statesman (* 1310 )

• December 5th : Thomas de Lucy , English nobleman and military man
• December 8 : Nicholas II , Duke of Troppau (* around 1288 )
• December 17th : Hermann Gallin , businessman and mayor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck

Exact date of death unknown

• before January 20th: Johann , Count of Nassau-Hadamar
• January or February: Branko Mladenović , Serbian magnate and provincial governor
• after March 9th: Frederick the Strasbourg , Count of Hohenzollern
• probably March: Jean Bertrand , Bishop of Lausanne and Archbishop of Tarentaise

• Anna of Savoy , Empress of Byzantium (* around 1306 )
• Dietrich von Kothe , Bishop of Brandenburg
• Heinrich von Joinville , Count of Vaudémont (* 1327 )
• Leontius Pilatus , first professor of the Greek language in Western Europe and first translator of Homer's works into Latin (* around 1310 )
• Francesco Traini , Italian painter (* 1321 )
• Gottschalk Warendorp , merchant and councilor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck

Died around 1365

• Johann Dargetzow , Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Wismar

Web links

Commons : 1365  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files