1437

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1437
James II becomes King of Scotland .	Henry the Navigator fails in his attempt to take Tangier .
Jan van Eyck paints the Marien Altar in Dresden .
1437 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	885/886 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1429/30
Aztec calendar	9. Feuerstein - Chicuhnahui Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 8th pipes - Chicuei Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	1980/81 (southern Buddhism); 1979/80 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the Fire Snake丁巳 ( at the beginning of the year Fire Dragon 丙辰)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	799/800 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	815/816
Islamic calendar	840/841 (turn of the year 4th / 5th July)
Jewish calendar	5197/98 (August 30/31)
Coptic calendar	1153/54
Malayalam calendar	612/613
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1747/48 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1748/49 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1475
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1493/94 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Scotland

• February 21 : After the murder of James I by Scottish nobles under the leadership of Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl , his son James II becomes King of Scotland . Numerous conspirators were executed at the end of March.

Holy Roman Empire

• December 9th : Emperor Sigismund , last ruler of the House of Luxembourg , dies in Znojmo . The Habsburg Duke Albrecht V from the House of Habsburg was elected his successor by the Hungarian estates on December 18 . In Bohemia , the pro-Austrian side, led by Ulrich II von Rosenberg and Meinhard von Neuhaus , also proposed Albrecht as king on December 30th, but met with strong opposition.

• Troops of the Upper Lusatian Six- Cities League conquer and destroy the Kelchburg in Bohemia .
• Florence conquered Montecarlo in Tuscany from Lucca .

Rhodes

Grandmaster's coat of arms Jeans de Lastic

• October 29th : Antonio Fluvian de la Riviere , 35th Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Rhodes , dies. Jean de Lastic was elected as his successor in absentia . As the Grand Prior of the Auvergne tongue, he is currently in Bourganeuf , from where he is on his way to Rhodes.

Portugal / Morocco

• An attempt by King Edward of Portugal to conquer the city of Tangier in North Africa from the Merinids ends in disaster: his brother Heinrich the Navigator , who commands the Tangier campaign, has to surrender to the overwhelming Arab forces. Part of the surrender provisions is that Portugal should return the exclave of Ceuta to the Merinids under Abdalhaqq II . To vouch for this provision, Prince Ferdinand von Avis , another of the king's younger brothers , must be held hostage by the Moors . Since Eduard dies the following year and the Cortes , the Portuguese aristocratic parliament, refuses to give up Ceuta, Ferdinand remains in Arab captivity for the rest of his life.

Eastern Europe

• May 2nd : When Prince Gjon Kastrioti I dies, the Ottomans hastily prepare a campaign to Albania to conquer the Principality of Kastrioti . Gjon's son Skanderbeg from the Kastrioti family was held hostage at the court of Sultan Murad II.

City rights and first documentary mentions

Malmö receives its city ​​coat of arms

• Archlebov receives town charter .

Culture

• Jan van Eyck paints the Marien Altar in Dresden . The small-format triptych is now in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden.
• Fra Angelico paints from the life of St. Nicholas of Bari .

From the life of St. Nicholas of Bari

• around 1437: Elisabeth of Lorraine produces the late medieval chivalric novel Hug Schapler , one of four prose translations of French chansons de geste about the life of Hugo Capet . In the same year, the novel Loher and Maller was written .

religion

Christianity

• April 24th : The foundation of the Bentlage monastery in Rheine is confirmed by Pope Eugene IV .

• The construction of the Olomouc Charterhouse begins as a replacement for the Dolein Charterhouse that was destroyed during the Hussite Wars .

Islam

• Under Sultan Abdalhaqq II the grave of Idris II is rediscovered in Fez . Under the Merinids , the tomb of Idrisiden quickly developed into an important place of pilgrimage.

Born

Date of birth saved

• March 7th : Anna of Saxony , German noblewoman, Electress of Brandenburg († 1512 )
• April 3 : Pierre de Blarru , French canon, humanist († 1510 )

• May 2 : Filippo Buonaccorsi , Italian humanist and statesman († 1497 )
• October 4 : Johann IV. , German nobleman, Duke of Bavaria-Munich († 1463 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Georg Altdorfer , German bishop of Chiemsee († 1495 )
• Isabelle de Bourbon , French noblewoman, Duchess of Burgundy († 1465 )
• Elisabeth von Habsburg , Austrian nobleman, Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania († 1505 )
• Jan z Rabštejna , Bohemian priest, diplomat († 1473 )
• Isaak Abrabanel , Jewish politician and financier in the service of the kings of Portugal, Spain, Naples and the Doges of Venice († 1508 )

Born around 1437

• Giovanni Bellini , Venetian painter († 1516 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 3 : Catherine de Valois , French noblewoman, Queen of England (* 1401 )
• February 3 : Niccolò Niccoli , Italian businessman and humanist (* 1365 )
• February 21 : James I , King of Scotland (* 1394 )

• March 22nd : Johann III. von Diepholz , Bishop of Osnabrück
• March 24th : Jean de Rochetaillée , French Patriarch of Constantinople, Bishop of Geneva and Paris, Archbishop of Rouen
• March 26 : Walter Stewart , Scottish nobleman, 1st Earl of Atholl (* around 1360 )

• May 2 : Gjon Kastrioti I , Albanian prince (* 1380 )
• May 6th : Bolko IV , Silesian nobleman, robber baron, Duke of Falkenberg and Strehlitz (* between 1363 and 1367 )
• May 18 : Conrad VII von Soest , Bishop of Regensburg (* around 1370 )
• May 22 : Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam , French nobleman, Marshal of France (* 1384 )

Second half of the year

• July 9th : Joan of Navarre , French noblewoman, Duchess of Brittany, Queen of England (* 1370 )
• July 14th : Adolf VII , German nobleman, Duke von Berg and Jülich

• August 28 : Ulrich Putsch , German Bishop of Brixen
• September 9 : Jan Roháč z Dubé , Bohemian Hussite captain

• October 14 : Simon von Utrecht , Hamburg ship captain from the Netherlands (* 1400 )
• October 24th : Johann V , German nobleman, Count von Sponheim (* around 1359 )
• October 29th : Antonio Fluvian de la Riviere , Aragonese nobleman, 35th Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Rhodes
• October: William Douglas , Scottish nobleman, 2nd Earl of Angus (* 1398 )

Emperor Sigismund

• December 9 : Sigismund of Luxembourg , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and King of Hungary (* 1368 )
• December 23 : Antongaleazzo I. Bentivoglio , Italian nobleman, condottiere and for a short time lord of Bologna (* around 1385 )
• December: Heinrich von Böckenförde , German nobleman, landmaster of the Teutonic Order in Livonia

Exact date of death unknown

• Lorenz von Brösau , Czech writer and chronicler (* around 1370 )
• Diviš Bořek z Miletínka , Bohemian field captain
• Hans von Polenz , German nobleman, governor (* between 1380 and 1385 )
• Johann von Quitzow , German robber baron (* 1370 )
• Ulrich von Richental , German historiographer (* around 1360 )

Died around 1437

• Guy III. de Pontailler , Burgundian military and diplomat

Web links

Commons : 1437  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files