Idrisids
The Idrisids ( Arabic الأدارسة, DMG al-Adārisa ; Tifinagh script ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ) ruled between 789 and 985 as one of the first local Islamic-Arabic dynasties in the western Maghreb , today's Morocco .
history
Idris I.
The founder of the dynasty was the descendant of the Prophet Idris ibn Abdallah (789-791), a great-grandson of Imam Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib . He was appointed as Alide by the Abbasids persecuted and fled 786 in the outer Maghreb, where he of Zanata - Berbers was taken up in Oualila , the Roman Volubilis , settled. The rule of the caliphate in North Africa had been badly shaken since the Maysara uprising . With the founding of the empire by Idris I , one of the first independent Islamic states emerged in today's Morocco; the western Maghreb slipped out of control of the Abbasids.
Idris II
Idris II. (791–828) expanded the military camp in Fez , which his father had set up, into a residence and the new imperial center. Through the settlement of refugees from Kairuan and al-Andalus (818), the city quickly developed into an important center of Islamization and Arabization in North Africa. The Idrisid Empire was also expanded through campaigns in the High Atlas and against Tlemcen , so that the Idrisids - before the principalities of the Bargawata , the Salihids and the Miknasa and Magrawa of Sidschilmasa - rose to become the most important power in the region.
Last Idrisids in Morocco
Under Muhammad (828-836), the empire was divided between the twelve sons of Idris II, creating several rival principalities, the most important in the Rif Mountains among the Ghumara Berbers. This fragmentation led to increased power struggles and to the weakening of the dynasty, which was becoming less important. Yahya IV (905-919) was first expelled from Fez in 920 by the Miknasa Masala ibn Habus, a governor of the Fatimids , who was under the supervision of Musa ibn Abi l-Afiya from 922 onwards. Under this Miknasa chief, who was initially loyal to Fatimid, all Idrisids were hunted down and the dynasty finally expelled from their capital, Fez, in 927. The other lines, such as that of Tétouan , now got into the changeable battle that the Fatimids subsequently fought with the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba for supremacy over the outer Maghreb. After the victorious campaign of the Fatimid military leader Dschauhar as-Siqillī (958-960), for example, several Idrisid princes were brought to the court of al-Mansuriya as hostages, presented by al-Muizz and sent back to Morocco as loyal vassals. In 974 al-Hasan, the last Idrisiden-Emir of Hajar an-Nasr, had to go back to Abd ar-Rahman III. subjugate and come with me to Cordoba ; after his return with Fatimid support he was killed in 985 by the Umayyads.
Last Idrisids in Cordoba
Between 1014 and 1025 - beginning with Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir - descendants of the Idrisids temporarily gained power in the Caliphate of Cordoba; these Hammudids ruled over the Taifa kingdoms of Malaga , Algeciras and Ceuta . At the beginning of the 20th century there was also a sideline of the Idrisids in the southwestern Arabian city of Asir (see: Idrisids of Asir ). The main importance of the dynasty, however, is that it laid the foundations for Moroccan statehood.
Ruler list
- Idris I ibn Abdallah (789-791)
- Idris II. Ibn Idris I (791-828)
- Muhammad ibn Idris II (828-836)
- Ali I. Haydara ibn Muhammad (836-849)
- Yahya I ibn Muhammad (849-863)
- Yahya II. Ibn Yahya I (863-866)
- Ali II. Ibn Umar (866-?)
- Yahya III. ibn al-Qasim (? -905)
- Yahya IV. Ibn Idris (905-919)
- Fatimid rule (922-925)
- al-Hasan I ibn Muhammed (925-927)
- Fatimid rule (927-938)
- al-Qasim Gannun ibn Muhammed (937-948)
- Ahmad ibn al-Qasim (948-954)
- al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim (954–974, first reign)
- Umayyad rule (974-985)
- al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim (985, second reign)
literature
- Clifford Edmund Bosworth: The New Islamic Dynasties. A Chronological and Genealogical Manual . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2004, ISBN 0-7486-2137-7 .
- Ulrich Haarmann : History of the Arab World. Edited by Heinz Halm . 4th revised and expanded edition. CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 ( Beck's historical library ).
- Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .
