Magrawa
The Magrawa (also: Maghrawa , Maghrawiden ; tamazight ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⵡⵏ Imeɣrawen ) were a Berber tribe in central and western Algeria , which later also ruled northern Morocco .
history
The Magrawa, a tribe of the Zanata Berber, were one of the first Berber tribes to submit to the Muslims in the 7th century . They supported Uqba ibn Nafi in 683 on his campaign to the Atlantic . Since the 8th century they were Kharijites and initially allied with the Idrisids and since the 10th century with the Umayyads of Cordoba . As a result, they were drawn into the Umayyad-Fatimid conflict over Morocco. A victory over the allies of the Fatimids succeeded in 924, but they soon joined them. When the Magrawa allied themselves again with the Caliphate of Cordoba , they were pushed into central Morocco by the Fatimid-loyal Zirids in 972. Around 977 the Magrawa under Chazrun ibn Falful ibn Chazar were able to drive the Midrarids ( Miknasa ) from Sidschilmasa , after which the city remained under their rule until it fell to the Almoravids in 1053/54 . Ten years later, the branch of the Banu Chazrun that ruled Sufruy was also eliminated by the Almoravids .
Under the sovereignty of the Fatimids and later the Abbasids , another line of the Banu Chazrun also ruled the area of Tripoli between 1001 and 1147 and the descendants of Chazrun also ruled in the Taifa kingdom of Arcos from 1012 until their overthrow by the Abbadids in 1067 Magrawa tribe.
Under Ziri ibn Atiya ibn Abdallah ibn Chazar (d. 1001), the Magrawa under Umayyad suzerainty were able to gain control of Fez and to expand it in the fight against the Banu Ifran . A revolt against the Umayyads was put down by Almansor , but the Magrawa rule was soon restored in Fez. Under the following princes al-Muizz (1001-1026), Hamama (1026-1039) and Dunas (1039-1060), the Magrawa principality was able to consolidate in northern and central Morocco. However, power struggles for power broke out after 1060, so that the Almoravids were able to conquer Fes in 1070 and eliminate the local Magrawa dynasty.
Ruler
In Sidschilmasa ( Banu Chazrun ; 977-1053 / 54):
- Chazrun
- Wanudin
- Masud
In Fes (987-1070):
- Ziri (987-1001)
- al-Muizz (1001-1026)
- Hamama (1026-1040)
- Dunas (1040-1060)
- al-Futuh (1060-1063)
- Muansur (1063-1068)
- Tammim (1068-1070)
In Arcos ( Banu Chazrun ; 1012-1067):
- Muhammad ibn Chazrun (1012-?)
- Abdun ibn Chazrun (? -1056)
- Muhammad ibn Abdun (1056-1066)
literature
- Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .