Idrisids of Asir

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Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi

The Idrisiden or the Adarisa of Asir (from Arabic إدريسي, DMG Idrīsī , pl.أدارسة / Adārisa ) were a religiously and politically influential dynasty in Asir in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century . They established the Imamate of Asir in 1908 and ruled it until it was annexed by Saudi Arabia in 1934.

The founder of the Asir Idrisid dynasty was the Islamic scholar Ahmad bin Idris . He was born between 1750 and 1760 in Maysur (near Fès ) and belonged to the Idrisid dynasty . In Fez he received religious training at the Qarawiyyin Madrasa . He completed his Hajj by 1800 at the latest and changed his place of residence between Mecca and Upper Egypt over the next few years . Ahmad preached his doctrine of Sufism (called Idrisiyya or Ahmadiyya ). His most important students included Muhammad bin Ali al-Sanusi , the founder of the Senussi order , Muhammad Uthman al-Mirghani , the founder of the Khatmiyya order , and Ibrahim al-Rashid , the founder of the Rashidiyya order . With some students Ahmad left Mecca in 1827/28 and settled first in Zabid and in 1830 in Sabya , where he died on October 21, 1837.

After Ahmad's death, his eldest son Muhammad al-Qutb (* 1803/04 - † March 25, 1889) became head of the family and after his death his eldest son Ali (* 1834/35 - February 2, 1907). Both led a withdrawn life. The dissemination of Ahmad's teaching took place mainly in Sudan and Upper Egypt: Ahmad's younger son Abd al-Al († 1878) settled in Zayniyya (near Luxor ), where he founded the order ( Tariqa ) Muhammadiyya Ahmadiyya Idrisiyya and the Egyptian line of the Idrisids established by Asir. He was missionary in Upper Egypt and Sudan to spread the teachings of his father.

Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi tried first in alliance with the Yemeni imam Yahya ibn Muhammad (1904-1948), then against him , to drive out the Ottomans , who had ruled Yemen and Asir again since the end of the 19th century. The uprising was put down by Ottoman troops , but Muhammad was able to achieve de facto independence with the support of Italy during the Italo-Ottoman War . After the beginning of the First World War , Muhammad (1911–1923) was also recognized by Great Britain . With British help, the Idrisids occupied the Yemeni port city of al-Hudaida in 1916 and, after the surrender of the Ottomans in 1918, also Abha .

However, after 1923 his son al-Hassan could not prevent the outbreak of dynastic power struggles, which led to interventions by Yemen and the Saudis. So Yemen recaptured al-Hudaida, while Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud secured the protectorate over the mountain tribes in 1926 . After armed conflicts between Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Asir finally came to Saudi Arabia in the Taif Agreement (1934) .

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