Kingdom of Yemen
| Kingdom of Yemen المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية |
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| Official language | Arabic | ||||
| Capital | Taizz | ||||
| Form of government | Absolute Monarchy | ||||
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Head of State and Government |
King Yahya Muhammad Hamid ad-Din (1911–1948) King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962) King Muhammad al-Badr (1962) |
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| surface | 195,000 km² | ||||
| Residents | 7,000,000 (1962) | ||||
| Population density | 35.8 inhabitants / km² | ||||
| Existence period | 1911-1962 | ||||
| currency | North Yemeni rial | ||||
| Time zone | UTC + 3 | ||||
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Kingdom of Yemen , also known as the Mutawakkilitisches Kingdom of Yemen ( Arabic المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية, DMG al-Mamlaka al-Mutawakkiliyya al-Yamaniyya ), describes the phase of the monarchy in Northern Yemen after independence in 1911 until the introduction of the republican form of government in 1962 through a military coup , which culminated in the Yemeni Arab Republic .
history
After the British subjugated South Yemen in the first half of the 19th century, the Ottomans conquered Sanaa and North Yemen in 1872 and established the Vilayet Yemen . This led to several tribal uprisings among the Zaidites , so that in 1911 the Ottomans actually had to recognize the independence of northern Yemen under Imam Yahya Muhammad Hamid ad-Din (1904–1948). On October 30, 1918, the formal declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire took place. Independence was recognized by the United Kingdom in 1925 and internationally in 1926. In the same year, Yahya Muhammad Hamid ad-Din declared himself King of Yemen.
Flag of the Kingdom from 1918 to 1923
In the 1920s, Imam Yahya expanded the Yemeni sphere of influence north to the south of the Tihama and the Asir province , which led to the conflict with the Saudi king Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud des Hejaz and Najd . In the 1930s, the newly established Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recaptured the territories as far as the city of al-Hudaida in southern Thama. After the Saudi-Yemeni War of 1934, the demarcation of the boundary was laid down in the Treaty of Taif of May 20, 1934. The controversial southern border with the South Arabian Federation since Ottoman times has repeatedly led to border conflicts with the British.
The kingdom became a founding member of the Arab League on March 22, 1945 and joined the United Nations on September 30, 1947 .
In the middle of the 20th century, most of the Yemeni Jews left the kingdom and emigrated to the newly established state of Israel .
In 1948 Imam Yahya was murdered in a coup and Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962) succeeded him. His rule was marked by economic growth, the opening of the country, but also renewed conflicts with the British in South Yemen, which he fought for the establishment of a Greater Yemen . In March 1955, an attempted coup by officers and two of the king's brothers failed. Under Ahmad ibn Yahya, the opposition was pushed into exile in Aden . Imam Ahmad supported the pan-Arab policy of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's foreign policy and signed a defense pact with Egypt in April 1956. In 1958, Northern Yemen joined the United Arab Republic of Egypt and Syria , forming the United Arab States , which broke up in September 1961 in the Egyptian-Yemeni conflict.
In September 1962 Ahmad died and his son Muhammad al-Badr succeeded him. Officers trained by Egyptians, inspired by Nasser, took the capital Sanaa and founded the Yemeni Arab Republic . Egypt supported the new republic with troops while Saudi Arabia and Jordan supported the royalists, which led to the North Yemeni Civil War . The war lasted until 1967 when the Egyptian forces were defeated. After the last attempt by the royalists to take Sanaa, the conflicting parties sought a peaceful solution and Saudi Arabia finally recognized the republic in 1970.
King Yahya Muhammad Hamid ad-Din (1911–1948)
King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962)
King Muhammad al-Badr (1962)
See also
literature
- Paul Dresch: A History of Modern Yemen . Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-79482-4
- History of Arabia , Encyclopædia Britannica (Macropædia Vol. 1). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1979. 1043-1051. (English)
