al-Huddaida

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الحديدة
Al-Hudaida
Al-Hudaida (Yemen)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 14 ° 48 '  N , 42 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 14 ° 48 '  N , 42 ° 57'  E
Basic data
Country Yemen

Governorate

al-Huddaida
ISO 3166-2 YE-HU
Residents 409,954 (2004 census)
founding 14th CenturyTemplate: Infobox location / maintenance / date
31 Hudayda (11) .jpg

Al-Hudaida (also written al-Hodaida , Hudaydah , Hodeidah or Hodêda ; Arabic الحديدة, DMG al-Ḥudaida ) is the capital of the governorate of the same name in Yemen . With over 400,000 inhabitants, it is one of the largest cities in the country in the south of the Arabian Peninsula . The city is located in western Yemen on the Red Sea coast , about 230 km southwest of the capital Sanaa . Al-Hudaida is the country's largest port city.

history

Al-Hudaida was founded at the beginning of the 14th century and had developed into an important trading center in the 15th century before it fell under Ottoman rule for the first time in the 16th century and finally in 1849 . In 1901, the German Empire, allied with the Ottoman Empire, tried just as unsuccessfully to lease al-Hudaida as a naval base, just as it tried to set up a military news station in al-Hudaida in 1916 ( Stotzingen mission ). During the First World War , French and British warships blocked the port, and after the Ottoman surrender, British troops occupied al-Hudaida in November 1918. The British handed the port city over to the Idrisids of Asir in 1921 , which initially cut off the Yemeni state of Imam Yahya from the outside world. Imam's troops conquered al-Hudaida in 1925 and incorporated it into the Kingdom of Yemen . During the war between Yemen and Saudi Arabia , Saudi troops conquered the city in 1934, but had to withdraw again in the same year after a British - French - Italian fleet demonstration in front of al-Hudaida.

With Soviet help, the port had been expanded since the early 1960s and, with Chinese help, better connected to Sanaa via a new road . From then on, the city developed rapidly and grew rapidly. During the North Yemeni civil war (1962–1970) between republicans and royalists, al-Hudaida was always firmly in the hands of the former and a stronghold of left forces ( Nasserists , Baathists ); However, sections of the army loyal to the left Republicans were disarmed by the government in March 1968 (Hudaida incident).

As part of the 2011/2012 protests in Yemen , there were repeated violent clashes between protesters who were critical of the government and those loyal to the government in al-Hudaida in 2011, and numerous people were injured or killed during the protests. At the end of 2014, al-Hudeida was captured by Houthi rebels . On April 1, 2015, fighting between the Houthi and the Saudi Arabia- led alliance fighting for the government of President Hadi , who had overthrown the Houthi , destroyed a dairy and a tank farm. At least 37 people died. It was initially unclear whether the buildings were shelled by the rebels or the Alliance.

In June 2018, coalition forces led by Saudi Arabia advanced on al-Hudaida. On June 20, after heavy fighting with Houthi militias, they captured the airport in the south of the city. The food supply for Yemen and other humanitarian aspects during the conflict were critical. On December 13, 2018, after negotiations with the UN , the parties to the conflict agreed a ceasefire in Rimbo, Sweden, for the port of al-Hudaida, which is important for supplying the population . This includes a withdrawal of government troops and rebel fighters from the city and a ceasefire for the entire region. The agreement came into force on December 18 and, according to media reports, was initially largely adhered to.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Census December 16, 2004
  2. ↑ Lothar Rathmann : History of the Arabs - from the beginnings to the present , Volume 3 (The Arab liberation movement in the fight against imperialist colonial rule 1917-1945), pages 217f and 222f. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974
  3. ↑ Protests in Yemen Again violence against demonstrators ( Memento from April 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Status: April 18, 2011, accessed on March 5, 2012
  4. ^ Yemen unrest: Dozens injured in clashes in al-Hudaida. In: BBC . March 16, 2011, accessed February 23, 2013 .
  5. ^ Yemen crisis: Hudaydah ceasefire "broken within minutes". BBC, December 18, 2018, accessed the same day
  6. ↑ Dozens of dead in the bombing of a port city on faz.net
  7. ↑ Arab coalition takes important airport in Yemen. Reuters , June 20, 2018, accessed on the same day.
  8. ^ Parties to the conflict agree on ceasefire for Hudaida on zeit.de, accessed on December 14, 2018.
  9. ^ Ceasefire in Yemen: "Tense Peace" in Hudaida. ORF , December 18, 2018, accessed on the same day.

Web links

Commons : Al Hudaydah  - collection of images, videos and audio files