Humanitarian aspects of the military intervention in Yemen since 2015

The humanitarian situation in Yemen during the military intervention
data and estimates by UN specifications at
Total population : 26 million

Situation during the military intervention		before escalation
Urgent need for humanitarian aid
Affected people	24.1 million. (As of June 2020)	15.9 million (Dec. 2014)
Need for humanitarian aid with water, sanitary and hygienic conditions (WASH)
Affected persons who cannot meet basic WASH needs	19.3-20.4 million (75% of the population) (including around 10 million children) (As of March 2016)	9.5 million to 13.4 million
Food security
Endangered supply with regard to nutrition	14.4 million (including 7.7 million children) (As of March 2016)	10.6 million
Severely endangered with regard to nutrition	7.6 million (as of November 2015)
Malnutrition
Malnourished people	2.1 million (as of November 2015)
including children under 5 years	1.3 million (as of November 2015)	690,000 to 850,000
Moderately acutely malnourished children (MAM)	1 million (as of November 2015)
Severely acutely malnourished children (SAM)	320,000 (as of March 2016)
People at risk of malnutrition	3 million, including 33.5% MAM and 10.7% SAM (children under 5 years of age), 26.1% pregnant and breastfeeding women with MAM and 29.7% preventive cases (children under 2 years at risk of malnutrition) ( Status: March 2016)	1.8 million (end of 2014)
Children at risk of malnutrition	1.8 million (as of November 2015)
Children at risk of severe acute malnutrition	850,000 (as of August 2015, with an expectation of an increase to 1.2 million within a few weeks)
Children under 5 years at risk of severe acute malnutrition	537,000 (every eighth) (as of October 2015)	160,000
Need for basic health care
Affected people	14.1–15.2 million (thereof 8.3 million children)	8.4 million
including pregnant women	522,000 (of whom complications are expected at delivery in 15% of cases) (as of November 2015)
Training security
School-age children who do not attend school	3.4 million (47% of all school-age children) (as of March 2016)	1.6 million
Schools closed since the end of March 2015 due to the conflict	3584 (every fourth) (as of November 2015)
Internal evictions Not all districts were included. High numbers of unreported cases are possible.
Internally displaced persons	2.8 million (displaced since March 26, 2015) (including around 800,000 children) (As of April 2016)	334,000 (Dec. 2014) to 584,000
Flight and migration from Yemen (since the end of March 2015) Only cases registered with UNHCR are considered. High numbers of unreported cases are possible.
Refugees from Yemen	173,000 (as of March 2016)
Escape to Yemen
Total refugees from abroad living in Yemen	264,000 (including 250,000 Somali) (as of October 2015)	250,000
including refugees in Yemen since March 2015	90,000 or more (mainly from Ethiopia and Somalia) (as of March 2016)
Victims of civilians as a result of the direct violence of the conflict (since March 26, 2015) Conservative information (verified cases). High numbers of unreported cases are possible.
Civilians killed	4,667 (until August 9, 2018)
Injured civilians	10,470 (until August 9, 2018)
Killed children	2,398 (until June 2018)
Injured children	3,652 (until June 2018)

The humanitarian aspects of the military intervention in Yemen since 2015 deal with the humanitarian effects, the damage to historical cultural property and infrastructure , the allegations of violations of international humanitarian law and other international conventions as well as the humanitarian aid measures and the like. a. during and as a result of the military intervention in Yemen since 2015. In April 2018, UN Secretary-General António Guterres described the situation in Yemen as “the worst humanitarian crisis in the world”.

According to the United Nations and Handicap International , more than 24 million Yemenis (80% of the population) are in need of humanitarian aid as of June 2020 .

introduction

The Saudi-led military coalition and the United Nations imposed the strong imports dependent Yemen during the military intervention one as arms embargo established, almost total de facto - blockade of the country, the nation's to critical shortages and huge price increases in the electricity and fuel supply led. The nationwide shortage of fuel then led to the spread of disease and hardship in arid Yemen, where access to water usually depends on fuel-powered pumps and where over 20 million people - 80 percent of the population - relied on outside help. Human rights organizations criticized the Saudi-led military coalition for its sea blockade of Yemen, which had brought the country to the brink of famine . At the end of February 2016, the European Parliament (EP) called for an arms embargo against Saudi Arabia by resolution due to the destabilizing effects of the air strikes and sea blockade against Yemen.

On July 1, 2015, the United Nations (UN) declared a level 3 emergency (level 3 emergency) for Yemen, the UN's highest level of emergency, for a pre-announced period of six months . Aid organizations such as Oxfam compared the humanitarian situation in Yemen a few months after the start of the military intervention with the situation in Syria after several years of war and described it as “currently the world's largest humanitarian crisis” according to the figures.

On July 2, 2015, UNESCO declared two World Heritage Sites in Yemen, the old town of Sanaa and the fortress city of Shibam , to be threatened due to the armed conflict in Yemen, after the UNESCO Director General in May the destruction of the air strikes in the old town of Sanaa and others condemned densely populated areas and warned the UN in June 2015 that its significant archaeological and historical heritage was in danger since a wave of air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition in Old Sana'a.

According to the UN , the number of people displaced by the armed conflict in Yemen since the beginning of the military intervention rose to around 2.8 million (over 10 percent of the total population) by April 2016 . More than 168,000 people had fled Yemen to Saudi Arabia, Djibouti , Somalia , Ethiopia , Sudan and Oman by the end of 2015 , and over 23,000 foreign citizens were evacuated from Yemen.

Human rights groups have repeatedly accused the Saudi-led military coalition of killing civilians and destroying health facilities and other infrastructure with its air strikes. At the end of October 2015, the UN and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) lamented in their first such joint appeal to the world community that "the world", in view of the inaction of politics against suffering of seldom seen proportions, in conflicts such as Yemen at one "Turning point" stand. In the conflict in Yemen, as in the conflicts in Afghanistan , Iraq , Nigeria , South Sudan and Syria, the most elementary rules of humanity are violated and the civilian population is by no means adequately protected. Human rights activists in turn accused the UN Security Council itself and the US of inaction in relation to the failure to investigate possibly illegal air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance. Despite widespread criticism of the high death toll among civilians, the US State Department approved a multi-billion dollar arms deal in November 2015 for around 20,000 laser-guided bombs (smart bombs) to "replenish" the Saudi air force arsenal. In November 2015, the human rights organization Human Rights Watch called the United States a party to the conflict and in December 2015 accused the UN Security Council of having given the Saudi-led military alliance a “carte blanche”, for which it cited financial dependence on Saudi Arabia as a possible motive. At the same time, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights criticized the warfare of the Saudi-led military coalition in the face of the numerous civilians killed, and portrayed their months-long air strikes as mainly and disproportionately responsible for the destruction of civil infrastructure, including hospitals and schools Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) reported on allegations of cluster bombs being used by the Saudi-led military coalition and the Hadi government had declared the UNHCHR representatives to be persona non grata , the UN Secretary-General condemned the expulsion of the UNHCHR representative in early January 2016 the Hadi government as a step that might prevent the return to stability.

Humanitarian impact and consequences of the conflict

→ Main article : Military intervention in Yemen 2015

See also : Section “Development of the humanitarian situation” in “Operation Decisive Storm” , Section “Humanitarian impact” in “Operation Decisive Storm” and Section “Development of the humanitarian situation” in “Operation Restoring Hope”

After Yemen was already exposed to an enormous need for humanitarian aid at the end of 2014, the escalation of the conflict and an increase in attacks on civil and economic infrastructure since March 2015 have brought basic social services close to collapse and the economy to a standstill. This has significantly exacerbated the humanitarian emergency. Since March 26, 2015, in addition to the air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition, there has also been escalating fighting between opposing groups in Yemen, which has affected large parts of the population. Civilians are disproportionately hard hit by the fighting and account for over half of the deaths in Yemen. The number of people who, according to the UN, had been forced to leave their homes as internally displaced persons since the beginning of the military intervention rose to over a million by the end of May, to over 1.4 million by the beginning of August and to 2.3 million by mid-October by December 2015 to 2.5 million. The main driving forces behind the displacement of the people were related to the conflict: ongoing air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition, ground attacks and an increasingly unpredictable security environment. The need for humanitarian aid, on the other hand, arose from the crisis in Yemen that existed before the military intervention, with poverty, underdevelopment, weak state authority and the rule of law.

The Saudi bombing and sea blockade against the Houthi militias from the end of March 2015 exacerbated the humanitarian situation in Yemen and led to a dramatic deterioration in the supply situation for the population in the first weeks and months of the military intervention. According to UNICEF data and media reports from June 2015, the sharp rise in the proportion of the population dependent on aid by 5 million people within a week underscored the fact that the air and sea blockade by the Saudi-led military coalition not only provided food, but also fuel for pumps that the arid Yemen relied on to provide water for drinking and hygiene. As early as June 2015, over 20 million people in Yemen were affected by a complex crisis that resulted in the ongoing conflict and strict embargo on the import of many essential goods.

The air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance reportedly hit not only Houthi military targets, but also schools, hospitals and food stores, causing extensive damage to civil infrastructure and endangering the lives of civilians. The armed conflict in the southern cities, including Aden and Shabwa, has escalated since April 2, 2015, with civilian infrastructure and international aid workers being targeted by both Houthis and forces loyal to Hadi. According to a report by Human Rights Watch , the internationally banned cluster bombs were also used in the Saudi-led air strikes . In the course of the military intervention, the Houthis were accused of indiscriminately bombarding civilian areas and firing snipers at civilians. Heavy bombing by the Saudi-led military coalition's air force and ground operations have led to a dramatic increase in the number of child victims in Yemen since the end of March 2015 and had a devastating impact on access to education in an already highly precarious environment. Almost all parties to the conflict engaged in extensive recruitment of children, which in the six months from March to September 2015, according to UN estimates, quadrupled the figures for all of 2014.

Yemen is heavily dependent on industrial imports of food and fuel. Since before the conflict 90 percent of food and most of the fuel in Yemen was imported from abroad , the blockade of all imports via airports and seaports hit the food supply particularly hard during the military intervention, and according to the UN, had "dramatic effects" people's access to food and led to widespread shortages and steep increases in the price of food, fuel, water and other basic goods for the civilian population. Import restrictions resulting from the conflict exacerbated the humanitarian situation in 2015 and brought the economy close to collapse. In mid-June 2015, the head of the Doctors Without Borders mission in Yemen, Andre Heller-Perache, said the situation was far beyond the ability of the international aid system to cope with it. According to the UN, there was an acute emergency in 19 of the 22 provinces. "The armed conflict and the lack of food and petrol are driving Yemen into a total collapse in supplies," it said.

As of January 2016, Yemen was experiencing severe shortages of elementary goods, including water, electricity, medicine and fuel. Half of the estimated 21.1 million people affected were children and over 10 percent were internally displaced persons. In addition, poverty and malnutrition among the least protected groups have been exacerbated by the sharp rise in food prices coupled with job losses and an almond of job opportunities. Jamie McGoldrick , UN Emergency Aid Coordinator in Yemen since December 2015 and also representative of the UN Development Program (UNDP), in January 2016 after a visit to Taizz, which has been under siege for months, demanded unhindered access by aid organizations to all those in need and said that they were in Yemen four out of eleven million people in urgent need of help are unreachable for aid organizations.

The regions in Yemen hardest hit by the conflict are (as of January 2016) Sa'da, Hajjah, Abyan, ad-Dali ', Lahij, Ta'izz, Adan and Sanaa. Half of the 2.5 million internally displaced people at the time came from the provinces of Sa'da, Ta'izz and Sanaa (Amanat Al Asimah). At the beginning of March 2016, the UN counted Ta'izz, Sa'da, Hajjah and Aden among the hardest-hit provinces and Ta'izz, Sa'da, Hajjah and al-Baida 'among the provinces with the most difficult humanitarian access. Examples of the situation in different regions:

Aden: According to the media, the infrastructure of Aden, which was once a million inhabitants, was systematically destroyed by the ground fighting and air strikes. Grain silos were bombed at the port of Aden because they were used as hiding places for the Houthi rebels, so that the town's bakeries ran out of flour. Other bombings targeted hotels, schools and the main shopping center because the Houthis used them as collection points.

Sa'da: Since the Saudi-led military coalition began air strikes in late March 2015, the Sa'da has been one of the hardest hit provinces. According to the Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED) in August 2015, the crisis there placed "immeasurably high tariffs on civilians in this poor, rural governorate and caused death, injury and multiple damage and destruction of the infrastructure". Thousands fled to nearby provinces and rural areas while trying to get to safety. The enormous amount of suffering in the entire Sa'da province has been exacerbated since March by the ongoing import restrictions. As a result, Sa'da was ranked one of ten provinces in Yemen one notch from famine. Michael Seawright, a project coordinator for Doctors Without Borders, reported in January 2016 on the situation in Sa'da from his experience in the Shiara Hospital, which was operated by Doctors Without Borders and partially destroyed in an air raid in January 2016, as practically the only hospital with capacity for Emergency surgery in most of North Yemen that the extent of the wounds in number and severity as well as the destruction caused by the almost daily air strikes exceeded anything he had seen in his more than ten years of work in some of the worst conflicts such as Syria.

Ta'izz: The third largest Yemeni city Ta'izz was considered the center of resistance against the state authorities during the so-called Arab Spring. It was besieged by rebels in November and has been the scene of fierce fighting between rebels and pro-government Hadi troops for months. Hardly any clinic was still open to the sick and wounded. The pro-government Hadi troops launched an offensive to recapture the province in mid-November with the support of the Arab military coalition led by Saudi Arabia. On November 24, 2015, UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O'Brien declared in a statement that he was “deeply concerned” about the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the city, where around 200,000 “endangered civilians” lived in a “de facto state of siege”. After months of fighting, large parts of the city were destroyed at the end of 2015 and many of its residents had fled.

Hadramaut: The port city of al-Mukalla , controlled by the AQAP and other Salafist groups , which, like the entire "AQAP emirate" of Hadramaut province, has not been attacked by the Royal Saudi Air Force or its partners in the military coalition since the beginning of the war in Yemen According to a report in the Young World from the beginning of May 2015, they were not affected by the crisis associated with an extreme shortage of food, gasoline and heating oil caused by the land, sea and inland blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia on Yemen Air had been aggravated along with the ongoing fighting. Al-Mukalla, located in the southeast, where the AQAP took power at the beginning of April, was therefore well supplied by sea with the toleration of the Saudis. According to UN information from mid-June 2015, the sea blockade also extended to the port of al-Mukalla, where aid deliveries and commercial goods were prevented from free access due to the presence of the AQAP.

Initial humanitarian situation before the military intervention

Internal displacement before the conflict escalates
(photos by UNICEF head in Yemen, Julien Harneis: April 2013)

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Harad District

IDP boy in Harad district

IDP girls in school

Even before the conflict escalated, over 300,000 IDPs were living in Yemen as a result of the internal displacement since 2008. Many of the IDPs, mainly from Sa'da , lived in the Harad district near the border, where even before they arrived there was a high rate of malnutrition, diarrhea and malaria.

Malnutrition before the conflict escalates
(Photos by UNICEF head in Yemen, Julien Harneis: April 2014)

Protocols developed by UNICEF and the government to help health centers treat malnutrition.

Folic acid and medicine were used as an additive to Plumpy'nut as a therapeutic ready-made food for the treatment of malnutrition in Yemen.

See also : Section “Prehistory” in “Military intervention in Yemen 2015”  and Houthi conflict

Even before the conflict escalated, Yemen was the economically weakest country in the Middle East with enormous humanitarian challenges after years of hardship, underdevelopment, environmental damage, interim conflicts, weak rule of law and widespread human rights violations. Even before the military intervention, the supply of millions of people was inadequate in terms of food supply, water supply and medical care. In addition, according to the UN, there were 250,000 refugees and over 300,000 internally displaced persons in Yemen. There were also considerable deficits in terms of education, with 1.6 million school-age children not attending school even before the conflict escalated.

Water scarcity in comparison to less developed countries Source: FAO AQUASTAT
Country:				%:
Yemen			169
Sudan			71
Afghanistan			31
Somalia			22nd
East Timor			14th
Mauritania			12
Haiti			9
Eritrea			8th
Malawi			8th
Legend: Fresh water consumption as a percentage of total renewable water resources

Blockade and war effects on the supply situation

The Saudi-led military coalition imposed maritime controls in the form of a sea blockade that prevented imports from reaching Yemen. Before the crisis, Yemen obtained 90% of its food through imports. As a result, imports fell to 15% of the pre-crisis level. In addition, the Saudi military coalition imposed incoming goods controls on land and from the air, thus preventing aid deliveries.

The UN condemned the sea blockade and called on the Saudi-led military coalition to end their sea blockade in view of the humanitarian emergency in Yemen.

According to the UN, land transport costs have increased by 500 percent since the escalation of violence in March to early July 2015. The water supply and other basic public services collapsed, which in particular had an impact on essential services and medical care. The health system collapsed completely in 2017 as many hospitals had been destroyed or closed, those that were still open were overcrowded and forced to operate without even the most basic medical supplies. Much of the water, sanitation and sanitation infrastructure was damaged, increasing the risk of epidemics.

Government agencies estimate that GDP per capita has shrunk by about 35 percent since the conflict escalated, while inflation rose by 30 percent.

Shortage of energy sources

According to UNICEF, the de facto blockade of the Yemeni ports, despite a slight subsequent easing, resulted in no fuel entering the country in June 2015, which is why the mechanized pumps could not work and 20 million people had no access to clean water .

Since the UN had also brought its foreign employees out of the country in the first days of the conflict, the supply network threatened to become even more inadequate in April. The lack of fuel was a major obstacle to meeting humanitarian needs. Like the supply of electricity, the water supply deteriorated daily at the beginning of April 2015 and there was a lack of medical supplies and fuel. The lack of diesel fuel meant that imported grain could not be ground and consumed, power generators in hospitals could not be operated, and the water supplies of millions of people were threatened. As of July 2015, the lack of fuel led to a decline in industrial production and service industries by 69%. Numerous companies stopped their activities completely or reduced their working hours by up to 50%. Some flour mills stopped operating or continued to operate at a very low level, causing the price of grind to skyrocket. The interruption of the irrigation operation as well as the transport and marketing of agricultural and animal products led to high cost and price increases. Ice production and fish storage facilities suffered, making the distribution of fish products difficult and fish production declining with rising prices.

Power supply

The lack of fuel had an impact on all supply, especially in hospitals.

The main power plant in Aden was attacked on June 11, 2015 and no longer operational. In Sanaa, electricity was only available for 30 to 40 minutes a day. According to the UN, from the beginning of August 2015, people there had 15 minutes of electricity at best once or twice a week.

Water supply

The war massively exacerbated the water shortage due to the lack of electricity and fuel. According to UN figures, 13.4 million people in Yemen lacked access to clean water in mid-May 2015. According to information from aid organizations, the fighting in May 2015 resulted in a total of 16 million people (two thirds of the total population) lacking access to clean drinking water. The water supply deteriorated dramatically after the destruction of water pipes. People were forced to drink water, which was a massive health hazard. Millions of people dug unprotected wells or had to lean on water brought in by truck, which was no longer available to most Yemenis and whose price almost tripled in several provinces, according to aid organizations. According to an expert from the Yemeni Ministry of Water and Environment, the average Yemenis now have over 30 percent of their income, the highest proportion of their income in the world just for drawing water into their homes. The only alternative for owners of water trucks was therefore to queue up three to four days to buy cheaper gasoline at gas stations.

The water supply infrastructure for at least 900,000 people was either damaged or destroyed by air strikes, artillery and missiles.

According to Handicap International , around 18 million Yemenis will have no access to drinking water in 2020.

Food supply

Development of wheat flour prices compared to the pre-crisis level Change in the nationwide average price for wheat flour in% Source: Yemen Weekly Market Situation Update, WFP (August: only first weeks considered)
Month:				%:
02.2015			0
04.2015			+44
05.2015			+55
06.2015			+36
07.2015			+37
08.2015			+15

Hunger Threat (2017) Number of people in millions at risk of hunger on the IPC scale of 3 or higher (selected countries) Source: Famine Early Warning Systems Network
17th	2.9	4.9	5.1
Yemen	Somalia	South Sudan	Nigeria

The almost complete land, sea and air blockade of Yemen imposed by Saudi Arabia and its allies prevented the aid supplies from being distributed in time. Due to the lack of energy sources such as diesel fuel and the unsafe situation, according to UN reports from the beginning of June, over 250,000 tons of grain could not be processed, transported or cooked in storage warehouses. High prices and limited availability of wheat affected poor and vulnerable people.

According to a joint study by FAO , WFP and MoPIC (Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Yemen) in June 2015, the number of people reported as being at risk of supply with regard to nutrition had risen by 17% compared to the beginning of the conflict at the end of March 2015. 8 million people - 2.3 million more than in March - did not have sufficient access to food at the time, of which 6 million were classified as severely vulnerable. The nutritional emergency ( IPC phase 4) has been reached in ten provinces . In nine provinces, the food situation reached a state of crisis after the classification (IPC phase 3). This meant that half of the population was at risk for food supply.

Compared to the pre-crisis situation, commercial grain imports for the period of four months after the first three weeks of June already showed an import deficit of 400,000 tonnes since March 2015. At the end of July 2015, a price increase of up to 274 percent was reported, with many people having no income for months. Farmers were sometimes forced to sell their cattle far below their value to unscrupulous traders. According to the UN, 80 percent of the population in Saada province went hungry.

Two years after the conflict escalated, the food shortage affected 17 million> people. 6.8 million people were classified in March 2017 with the status "Emergency" (one level before famine) and another 10.2 million with the status "Crisis".

Impact on the health system

The most important cause of the emergency in the hospitals and the catastrophic situation saw the experts on site as the arms embargo imposed by the UN on the Houthi rebels in April 2015, which had led to strict import restrictions as part of an economic blockade, which civilians were also imposed Hit Yemen hard. Since then, food, water and medical supplies have rarely reached Yemen. The aid organizations were overwhelmed. At the end of June 2015, the health system reached its limits. As a result, the population's need for emergency medical care grew to such an extent that basic medical care was at risk. The effort focused on emergency medical care because of the massive number of war casualties.

As early as April 2015, a number of hospitals were destroyed in the fighting, while others, including large hospitals, were barely able to continue operating due to constant power outages and a lack of medication. The prices for important basic medicines rose by more than 300 percent, at the same time diseases such as diarrhea and measles spread , favored by the deteriorating hygiene and the lack of clean water. The number of cases of malnutrition increased , particularly among young children and women. In September 2015, the WHO estimated that almost a quarter of the country's medical facilities were no longer functional.

At the end of May 2015, according to the WHO, 8.6 million people needed “urgent medical help” for war-related injuries and for general medical reasons. After the UN had stated in May 2015 that 8.4 million people in Yemen did not have access to basic medical care in mid-May 2015, the UN increased their number to over 15 million (approx. 58 percent of the population) in June 2015 - including one million internally displaced persons - figures and an increase of 40 percent compared to the figures from March 2015.

Reported destruction of health facilities as a result of the conflict per province (as of October 2015) Raw data source : WHO

province	completely destroyed	partially destroyed	total
Ta'izz	6th	8th	14th
Amanat Al Asimah	1	11	12
Sa'da	5	6th	11
Hajjah	3	4th	7th
Adan	6th		6th
Ma'rib	1	4th	5
al-Huddaida		4th	4th
Sanaa		3	3
Lahij	2		2
Shabwa	1	1	2
ad-Dali '	1		1
Amran		1	1
total	26th	42	68

In addition, a growing number of health care facilities have lost their operational readiness. Healthcare facilities in many areas have remained closed for the long term due to fuel shortages, staff shortages, destroyed infrastructure, lack of clean water and electricity, and direct attacks and seizures by warring parties.

There has been a drastic reduction in health services in all public and private hospitals, especially in the operating rooms and intensive care units. According to UN figures, 153 health facilities in Yemen had been closed since March 2015 due to a lack of staff and fuel by mid-May 2015, which had been helping to feed 450,000 children under the age of five until the closure. According to the UN, the closure of these health facilities resulted in, among other things, 2.6 million women of reproductive age having no access to reproductive medicine services, 257,400 pregnant women unable to give birth safely and 483 women suffering from complications during childbirth due to the absence of obstetric services may have passed away.

Accessibility and availability of health facilities

The injured and sick were often not cared for because the fighting made it impossible for them to reach a hospital. Hospitals were z. Some of them stormed by militias, which caused people to flee. Some of the patients were also kidnapped. In July 2015, health facilities that provided food to over 450,000 children under the age of 5 were closed due to lack of fuel and the absence of staff.

Sanaa : Al-Sabin Clinic
(photos of the UNICEF head in Yemen, Julien Harneis: May 16, 2015)

Pictures from the largest hospital for children and pregnant women in Sanaa, which is also a referral hospital for the whole of Yemen, which had to close at the beginning of September 2015 as a result of the de facto blockade and air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition and evacuate its patients.

At the end of August 2015, z. B. the largest hospital for children and pregnant women in Sanaa (Al-Sabin Clinic) is closed due to the blockade in Yemen. As a result of the blockade, she ran out of IV fluids, anesthetics and other essential medical supplies. 15 million people across the country were cut off from health care. On September 6, 2015, the Al-Sabin Children's Hospital closed after being badly damaged by air strikes on a nearby building. The closure of this hospital as a referral hospital in the country meant a severe blow to the health system, which was already battered.

In mid-October 2015, according to estimates by the UN partner organizations in Yemen, almost 600 health facilities were closed due to damage or a lack of fuel, employees and supplies. Numerous health facilities were hit, destroyed or damaged by bombs. Medical and humanitarian personnel were increasingly targeted or killed. This led to serious restrictions in the treatment options for sick people, people with deficiency symptoms, giving birth and in the area of ​​emergency care. The Ministry of Health's operations center in Sanaa, which managed all emergency operations across the country, was also damaged.

According to WHO information in mid-October 2015, almost 23 percent of health facilities were no longer operational. Specialized staff was scarce and almost all foreign workers previously working in the clinics had left Yemen.

Lack of medicines and medical supplies

Before the escalation of violence, Yemen had imported 80 percent of its medicines and pharmaceutical goods.

As early as April 2015, the hospitals were often no longer able to offer emergency treatment. There was a critical shortage of drugs for diabetes , high blood pressure and cancer, as well as essential supplies including first aid kits and blood .

Medicines for chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, chronic respiratory diseases and haemophilia were no longer available due to the strict embargoes that also applied to medicines and medical consumables. The shortage of medical supplies worsened as the embargo continued, affecting an increasing number of adult and underage male and female patients, most of whom were civilians who were not part of the conflict and whose right to health was endangered . According to information from October 2015, even the Ministry of Health was barely able to procure medicines and medical equipment from abroad. In the embattled city of Taizz, besieged by the Houthi rebels, the hospitals regularly ran out of oxygen, according to NGOs.

UNICEF estimated 2.5 million children under the age of five to be at immediate risk of developing diarrhea , while up to 1.3 million children were believed to have preventable diseases such as pneumonia and measles as vaccination campaigns stalled.

Malnutrition and starvation

GAM rates (August – September 2015)
Malnutrition in selected provinces
Data source: UNICEF SMART Surveys

province	General acute malnutrition [%]
al-Hudaida / coastal region	31
Hajjah / coastal region	20.9
Adan	19.3
WHO emergency threshold: 15% (Acceptable: <= 5%) GAM assessments for other regions have not yet been completed since the beginning of the crisis

The UN classified the situation in Yemen during the military intervention with the highest possible degree of humanitarian crisis and 80 percent of the population as on the verge of famine. The work of aid organizations has been severely restricted. According to the UN, 850,000 children were acutely malnourished in May 2015. At the beginning of June 2015 UNICEF reported that 15,000 children and a total of 2.5 million people in Yemen with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) had been affected by the closure of 158 outpatient therapeutic programs (OTPs). By mid-June there was an increase in admissions of cases of malnutrition in hospitals of 150% since March 2015. According to UNICEF, restrictions on the import of fuel and fuel were largely responsible for the rapid deterioration in the situation to which the children were exposed in Yemen Food. A combination of food shortages, rising levels of diarrhea from polluted water and malnourished mothers led to a steep rise in malnutrition among children.

The aid organization Oxfam reported at the end of July 2015 that almost half of the approximately 26 million inhabitants in Yemen did not have enough to eat and half of them were on the verge of starvation. The number of people without access to sufficient food has risen by 2.3 million since March 2015. In mid-November 2015, the number of malnourished people in Yemen had risen to 2.1 or 3.0 million, according to UN figures, with at least 1.3 million children. s

Aid deliveries were severely restricted. According to UNICEF, 192 centers for the treatment of malnutrition were closed in February 2016 due to, among other things, fighting or air strikes. At the beginning of March 2016 it was reported that the aid organizations were restricted in their freedom of movement and that the employees were being threatened and arrested. Most of the 2.5 million internally displaced people did not live in camps but in areas where their security was increased but their care was insufficient. In 2017, UNHCR in Geneva drew attention to the increasing risk of "mass death" from starvation. In 2017, large sections of the population were confronted with a crisis (IPC phase 3) or emergency (IPC phase 4) of acute food insecurity with an increased risk of mortality. Internally displaced persons and poor households in conflict zones have probably experienced the most difficult food security situations.

Communicable Diseases

Sanaa , May 16, 2015: Because garbage collection was not carried out for weeks, garbage piled up on the streets and posed a health hazard. After some fuel had arrived, garbage trucks started working again.

The collapse of water supplies and sanitation and health systems posed a significant risk of the spread of communicable diseases, particularly outbreaks of polio and measles . As early as April 2015, the cold chain for vaccines was interrupted due to power outages and a lack of fuel . Children could not be vaccinated because health centers either did not have the electricity or fuel to keep the vaccines cool and distribute them, or because parents feared the fighting prevented parents from getting their children vaccinated. This often resulted in a fatal course of diseases such as measles and pneumonia , which would have been avoidable under normal conditions. According to UNICEF, the vaccine interruption put an estimated 2.6 million children under the age of 15 at risk of contracting measles, a potentially fatal disease that spreads rapidly in times of conflict and internal displacement. The number of children exposed to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) has been estimated at around 1.3 million.

The accumulation of rubbish in cities also encouraged the spread of disease. The unsanitary conditions led to an outbreak of dengue fever with over 8,000 cases and nearly 600 deaths within a few weeks. The number of fatal cases of this disease rose rapidly.

AWD / cholera

Cholera diseases per 10,000 inhabitants in the individual governorates of Yemen since April 24, 2017, as of April 30, 2019

→ Main article : Cholera in Yemen since 2016

The Ministry of Health reported the outbreak of cholera in early October 2016. The number of suspected and confirmed cases of cholera, as well as the number of affected provinces, continued to rise in the period that followed, with a peak in December 2016. Cholera and acute watery diarrhea (AWD) continued to spread in 2017.

After a significant decrease in cholera cases, a second wave of the AWD / cholera outbreak began at the end of April 2017, with a drastic increase in suspected cases and spread to 18 provinces, so that the health system was barely able to cope with the care of the people. The spread of the epidemic was facilitated by the restricted functionality of the drinking and sewage pipes due to the war. The blockade of all imports, including humanitarian aid and medical goods, made it difficult to import medical goods, food and fuel. As a result of the bottlenecks, only 45 percent of health facilities were up and running. At least six of the 22 provinces did not have a functioning health system, and most of the people could not be treated. It mainly affected the west of the country, where the fighting was concentrated. The health system was no longer able to contain the infectious disease and the state of emergency was declared. Large parts of the population were dependent on the often contaminated wells as well as on motor pumps due to a lack of drinking water supply, which often resulted in mixing with sewage. In addition, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which causes the cholera infection, could also be transmitted through contaminated food. Many clinics were also affected by air strikes.

Around 22 million people lived in districts at high risk of the disease. The mortality rate was 1.2 percent with 3,000 new cases reported daily. The disease was also transmitted from person to person in numerous areas. Due to the lack of power supply, water pumps failed, which is why only contaminated drinking water was available to the people.

At the end of 2017, the cholera epidemic with a million suspected cases during the military intervention was described as the largest cholera outbreak ever recorded in the world.

Conflict impact on the school system

Destruction of the Al-Anfal school in Sanaa after an air raid on April 20, 2015

The education system in Yemen was eight months after the conflict escalated, according to UN figures from November 2015, "on the verge of collapse". As of January 2016, ongoing conflict in Yemen (similar to Syria, Iraq and Libya) had erased years of educational achievement and created a state of inequality in educational opportunities.

Children who do not go to school in a comparison of different conflict countries (2015)
Country:				[Million]:
Sudan			3.1
Iraq			3.0
Yemen			2.9
Syria			2.4
Libya			2.0
Legend: Number of school-age children in millions who do not attend school

In mid-April 2015, the reported number of children who no longer attended school due to the ongoing crisis had almost doubled to 1.85 million within a week. In May and June 2015, around 3,600 schools (21 percent of schools in Yemen) remained closed due to the conflict, so that by the beginning of June 2015 around 1.83 million children had no access to schooling for a period of two months. In the five southern provinces, 87 percent of schools were closed at the beginning of June 2015. In mid-July 2015, 70 percent of the 5,148 schools in Yemen were closed before the end of the school year, and 1.84 million children were affected. After four months of war, 250 schools were damaged, another 270 in use to house internally displaced persons, and 68 occupied by armed groups. More than 1.8 million children have been out of school for more than two months due to the conflict. Class transfers and the exams of over 200,000 high school students were at risk.

The number of school-age children who did not attend school had risen to 3.4 million by November 2015 (corresponds to 47% of all school children in Yemen). In November 2015, according to media reports, representatives of the education sector estimated that over 1,300 schools had been destroyed and hundreds more converted into shelters as a result of the war. Since parts of the population fled their homes and there were no formal camps, internally displaced persons were housed in 260 schools. In the provinces where schools remained operational, school enrollment and attendance were low (between 30 and 70 percent) due to safety issues. Sometimes schools remained closed due to a lack of teachers.

The UN Permanent Representative in Yemen spoke about the UN's helplessness in the face of attacks on schools by all parties to the conflict. The Yemen Ministry of Education put the number of children affected by these restrictions at 6.5 million. The Ministry of Education was unable to provide teaching materials because there was a lack of paper for printing school books and imports were not possible. The development of a black market for school supplies was also reported.

Consequences for the economy, infrastructure and cultural assets

According to the UN, the Yemeni economy was deliberately destroyed. According to preliminary estimates by the disaster needs assessment, the damage to the infrastructure together with other losses amounted to USD 19 billion according to UN figures in November 2016, about half of Yemen’s 2013 gross domestic product.

Economic development and poverty rate

According to the World Bank from January 2016, the economic output of Yemen fell by a quarter as a result of the war and the lack of basic services aggravated the plight of the people. The situation in Yemen remained extremely fragile. Despite a temporary ceasefire announced at the beginning of December 2015, the war led to an almost complete cessation of oil and gas production while at the same time being almost exclusively dependent on oil export income. The poor supply situation doubled the inflation rate and drove it to over 20 percent in 2015. International reserves hit a record low of $ 3 billion and a further drop to $ 2.2 billion was expected in 2016. The budgetary and foreign trade position worsened, and public debt was estimated to be 74 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2015 , 20 percentage points above the 2014 figure.

In addition to the loss of economic income due to the trade interruption and the shift in production factors, the war in Yemen also directly damaged the country's physical capital , but damage to infrastructure facilities was caused by the war in Yemen (similar to the wars in Syria, Iraq and Libya) according to the World Bank Difficult to measure, as access to the damaged facilities as well as to data and information was limited due to the ongoing conflict, the situation changed frequently and methodological errors were possible. The World Bank, in cooperation with UN authorities and non-governmental organizations, launched an investigation into Yemen to assess the impact of the conflict, which was unfolding in Yemen after March 2015. A preliminary estimate based on data from January 2016 showed that the damage in the four cities of Sanaa, Aden, Taizz and Zindschibar - based on the six sectors of education, energy, health, housing, transport, and water and sewage - ranged from 4 to Moved 5 billion US dollars. The sector most affected was housing, and serious damage was also observed in health facilities.

Yemen faced a mounting poverty crisis during the military intervention. According to the World Bank, the proportion of Yemenis living below the poverty line (living in extreme poverty with less than 1.90 US dollars per day) ( poverty rate ) has increased by around 50 percent (12 million people) before the war since the fighting escalated in April 2015 by 30 percent by January 2016 to over 80 percent (20 of 24 million people), of whom over 15 million had no access to health facilities and medical care.

According to UN estimates for 2015, the negative impact on human capital in the conflict in Yemen was 1.6 billion US dollars (with 21.1 million people in need) below the amount needed in Syria (3rd , $ 18 billion out of 13.5 million needy) and above that of Iraq ($ 704 million out of 8.2 million needy people) and Libya ($ 166 million out of 2.44 million needy people).

Civil infrastructure

Bombing of Yemeni villages

Residents of the village of Hidrhan search the ruins of their village mosque, which had been bombed two days earlier

Villagers search the ruins of Hajar Aukaish village for belongings that were scattered in the bombing in April 2015 (Photo: A. Mojalli / VOA)

Factory bombing in Sanaa Province
Photos by: Almigdad Mojalli / VOA

The bombing of a textile factory in July 2015 resulted in over 1,300 people losing their jobs and still looking for work as day laborers months later . According to observers, rising unemployment exacerbated the crisis and made some former workers more willing to fight in war to secure their food. Within a few months, dozens of factories shut down in Sanaa province after air strikes destroyed equipment or buildings, according to former workers and managers.

According to the UN, civil infrastructure, including residential buildings, has been severely damaged in many areas of Yemen since March 26, 2015, with devastating consequences for the development of the country, particularly in the provinces of Aden, Dhalea and Taizz. In many cities, the infrastructure was systematically destroyed by the ground fighting and air strikes. The destruction of the central logistical infrastructure including airports, seaports, bridges and roads had serious consequences for the civilian population in particular, although the attacks did not spare civilians and civil infrastructure, including depots of aid organizations and UN agencies. The UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen and aid organizations called for an end to the bombing of the two airports in Sanaa and Hodeida as the central logistical infrastructure by the Saudi-led military coalition. The extensive damage to civil infrastructure also contributed to the fact that various armed groups occupied schools and health facilities.

As a result of the fighting, markets, buildings, roads and bridges along with private homes and businesses, public infrastructure and public facilities had been completely or partially destroyed. The airports in Sanaa, Aden and Sa'da and the main port in Aden were damaged. The bombings brought everyday life to an almost complete standstill. In large parts of the cities there was no electricity, internet or landline phone service. Most of the shops were closed, drinking water was scarce and mobility was hardly possible due to the lack of fuel.

Numerous incidents have been recorded of health facilities being attacked or damaged by fighting, shell fire or air strikes. Schools and medical staff were under attack even though the execution of attacks against civilians and civil infrastructure constituted a serious violation of international humanitarian law. In June 2015, for example, the operations center of the Ministry of Health in Sanaa, which managed all emergency operations across the country and played a crucial role in the emergency health measures, was damaged, but was able to be put back into operation a short time later.

Bombing of the port facilities in al-Huddaida

Cranes in the port of al-Hudaida in April 2015, a few months before the critical infrastructure was destroyed by air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance on August 18

In June 2015, the OCHA assessed the condition of almost all access roads in Yemen as inaccessible or difficult or difficult to assess. The roads were too unsafe to move goods within the country. UN humanitarian partner organizations were also at risk when attempting to reach the population. Many airports were damaged or inoperable. The airports of Sanaa and Taizz and the helicopter airport of Haradh, which was limited in capacity and not suitable for handling goods, were still functional. The ports were partially operational, but also partially unsafe or of limited capacity.

In August 2015, the Saudi-led military alliance bombed the only port in al-Hudaida through which humanitarian aid reached North Yemen, bringing port operations to a virtual standstill. All cranes were rendered inoperative and could not be repaired, so that shiploads could hardly be unloaded.

According to study results by Handicap International , around a quarter of the road network in Yemen will be partially or completely destroyed by 2020. As of 2020, over half of the medical facilities in Yemen are no longer functioning. According to the United Nations , Yemeni hospitals have barely any beds and medical equipment, as well as few staff and medicine.

Historical cultural asset

Yemen is considered an important place in human development. Archaeologists found traces of prehistoric cultures in Yemen that were widespread 8,000 years ago in the region of the Red and Arabian Seas . In Arab folklore, Yemen is also considered the cradle of the Arab peoples. In 1984, UNESCO started an international campaign to protect the old town of Sanaa, had the city wall rebuilt, renovated numerous buildings and rebuilt bridges and passages in the old town true to the original. Several Yemeni cities have since received World Heritage status: Shibam in Hadramaut Province (1982), Sanaa (1986), Zabid (1993) and the island of Soqotra (2008).

The security situation in Yemen was already poor before the fighting broke out, but has deteriorated dramatically since the intervention of Saudi Arabia. Yemeni cultural assets have been particularly hard hit by the fighting since the Saudi Arabian coalition intervened and the subsequent air strikes on Yemen in March 2015. During the Saudi-led military intervention, the ancient cultural heritage was destroyed by the bombing of the Arab states of the Saudi-led military alliance. According to UNESCO, historical houses, monuments, museums, archaeological and cult sites were not spared from the destruction.

Archaeologists increasingly noted that the archaeological sites from the early first millennium BC. Were destroyed in the course of these fighting. It is true that the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) and international colleagues put together a list of all archaeological sites and museums in Yemen at an early stage, which the Saudi Arabian-led military coalition from UNESCO immediately submitted with the urgent request not to attack these sites But according to the head of the branch of the Orient Department of the DAI in Sanaa, the Saudi-led military coalition did not take the cultural sites into consideration when weighing political goals. In the city of Dhamar , a relatively new museum was completely destroyed by an air raid, with well over 10,000 objects irreversibly destroyed.

In addition, especially in South Yemen, in the Hadramaut province, religiously motivated destruction of saints' graves was observed, which does not correspond to the radical Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Some of the graves of the saints had already been damaged before the war, but their targeted and complete destruction took place during the military intervention, as state control no longer existed in the affected regions or extremists had taken power. Furthermore, it came - also by al-Qaeda and other jihadist groups locally - the looting of the museums, especially the Zinjibar was affected proven. The number and intensity of this destruction have increased significantly since the beginning of the military conflict.

In addition to the destruction of archaeological sites, there were also massive air strikes on residential areas with unique medieval architecture and, in some cases, historical settlement ensembles that have barely been reformed, such as the old town of Sanaa, which is a UNESCO cultural heritage, or the old town of Saada, which was on the UNESCO tentative list however, was completely destroyed by Saudi air strikes during the military intervention. Saada, for which an entry on the list of world cultural heritage was planned, was taken as a stronghold of the Houthis by the Saudi-led military coalition under heavy fire from the air, so that a later inclusion as a world cultural heritage was already in June 2015 as questionable.

Since the war began at the end of March 2015 under the name Operation Decisive Storm , all warring parties - including the fighter jets of the Saudi-led military coalition, the Houthis and the “popular resistance” - have also targeted Yemeni cultural assets. According to Muhannad Al-Sayani, the head of the Yemeni Antiquities Authority, dozens of ancient sites had been affected by the war by mid-June 2015, but in many cases it was initially not possible to verify the damage on site. According to media reports from November 2015, Saudi-led air strikes had resulted in the destruction of 23 archaeological sites, including six ancient cities, six castles, three museums, two mosques, four palaces and several other archaeological sites in Yemen. The director of the General Organization of Antiquities and Museums in Yemen, Mohannad al-Sayani, stated that almost two dozen sights and monuments have suffered serious damage since the Saudi air strikes on Yemen. The Yemeni antiquities administration and civil society groups that strive to preserve historical sites, as well as scientists, appealed to the conflicting parties to stay away from historical places and to spare them in order to save the remaining civilized cultural heritage of Yemen, which is also a human heritage . The destruction of cultural sites is prohibited by a number of international treaties or agreements, including the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954. According to international agreements and the Hague Convention of 1954, as well as the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Antiquities from 1972, UNESCO was informed about damage to outstanding cultural sites in Yemen.

The UN warned in June 2015 that the vast archaeological and historical heritage was in danger after a wave of Air Force bombing in Old Sanaa. According to UNESCO, important cultural heritage sites were damaged in the air raids on Sanaa and the rebel stronghold of Sa'da. The UNESCO warned both sides not to engage historical sites in the war. UNESCO Director General Irina Georgieva Bokova condemned the destruction and called on all parties to the conflict to protect the cultural heritage. On May 12, 2015, Bokova said, “I am particularly shocked by news regarding air strikes on densely populated areas such as the cities of Sanaa and Sa'da. In addition to the terrible human suffering these attacks cause, they destroy the unique cultural heritage of Yemen which is the repository of identity, history and memory of the people and an extraordinary testimony to the achievements of Islamic civilization ”.

The destruction of historical sites and mosques in Yemen that were considered to be Shiite already had a history at the time of the military intervention, since according to the Bahrain Center for Human Rights , the Saudi military coalition partner Bahrain was considered Shiite during the political uprisings against the rule of the Sunni minority in 2011 destroyed or damaged current mosques with Saudi support.

Old town of Sanaa , World Heritage Site since 1986 , on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger since July 2015

On July 2nd, 2015 the World Heritage Committee put two UNESCO World Heritage sites, the old town of Sanaa and the fortress town of Shibam (old town surrounded by a historical city wall) on the red list of endangered world heritage sites at the 39th session of the committee in Bonn , chaired by Maria Böhmer :

• The World Heritage Committee justified its step to declare the world cultural heritage of the old town of Sanaa threatened with the considerable damage that Sanaa had already suffered in the conflict. It specifically highlighted the particularly severe damage in the Kassimi district near the famous city garden of Miqshamat al-Qasimi as well as the al-Mahdi mosque with surrounding houses, which was also affected, and the majority of the colored, decorated doors and window panes that are characteristic of the local city architecture and have been shattered or damaged.

Shibam , UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1982 and on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger since July 2015

• For the decision to declare the world cultural heritage of the fortress city of Shibam in the province of Hadramaut as threatened, the World Heritage Committee stated that the fortress city with its centuries-old high-rise buildings made of clay was potentially threatened by the armed conflict. The decision of the committee should help to strengthen the international mobilization of protective measures for the site. The city of Shibam, which is surrounded by a fortified wall and built in the 16th century, is one of the oldest and best examples of urban planning based on the principle of vertical constructions. The tower-like structures described as imposing rise up from a rock and have given the city the nickname “the Manhattan of the desert”. The largest examples of the “first skyscrapers of mankind” in the city have nine floors and reach almost 20 meters, according to structural engineers the maximum possible height with the building material adobe and wood. Tourists stopped visiting the cultural heritage of humanity in the Hadramaut a few years before the military intervention, as the risk of being attacked or kidnapped by extremists was considered too great. The site was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982.

Examples of the destruction of historical cultural assets are:

• In the densely built-up old town of Sanaa , according to UNESCO on May 12, 2015, during "massive air strikes" by the Arab military coalition on the night of May 11, 2015, historic buildings such as old mud houses, mosques and hammams dating from before the 11th Century, "badly damaged". Marco Livadiotti, advisor to the Yemeni Ministry of Tourism and Environment, warned that there was a "significant risk" that the old town of Sanaa "will be lost to humanity". Direct bombing of the old town from the air and the shocks resulting from bombings in its vicinity resulted, according to him, in almost irreparable structural damage in addition to damage in peacetime.

Sanaa has a special meaning in Islam and culturally. The old town of Sanaa has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 and was the Arab cultural capital of 2004. The city, built in a mountain valley at an altitude of 2200 meters and inhabited for over 2,500 years, was an important center for the spread of the Islam. Mohammed , venerated as a prophet in Islam, is said to have commissioned the construction of the first mosque in the city himself in 628, which according to an old legend names Noah's son Sem as the founder. As a testimony to the special religious and political heritage, the old town has 103 mosques, 14 hammams and around 6,000 houses, including tower and mud houses, all of which were built before the 11th century. The upper floors of the multi-storey houses, which were seated on stone ground floors, were built of rammed clay and fired bricks and decorated with geometric patterns made of fired bricks and white plaster, based on traditional Islamic art. The old town was restored during a major project initiated by UNESCO in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the help of numerous states and the efforts of the Yemeni population and government.

After the old town had already been damaged by air strikes on nearby targets - including the Ministry of Defense -, according to media reports, on June 12, 2015 - shortly before the announced Yemen peace talks in Geneva - an air strike by the Saudi-led military alliance on the old town district of al-Kassimi in Sanaa, which borders an urban garden, several multi-story UNESCO World Heritage sites, killing six people including a woman and a child. Surrounding buildings, which were firmly connected to one another, were also damaged by the rocket, according to media reports, so that an entire section of the old town threatened to collapse. Residents posted photos of the damaged houses on the Internet. According to local residents, the damage allegedly caused by the launch of a rocket by a fighter plane represented the first direct attack on the old town of Sanaa since the bombing began in late March. According to an AFP journalist, the rocket hit the kassimi without exploding - Neighborhood that featured thousands of houses built before the 11th century and demolished three houses there. UNESCO Director General Bokova condemned the alleged air strike on the historic area, which she described as "one of the world's oldest jewels" of Islamic culture, and called on the warring parties to respect Yemen's cultural heritage. According to UNESCO, the destroyed houses were a “great complex of traditional houses”. Bokova said she was "shocked by the images of these magnificent multi-story tower houses" and the beautiful gardens that have "been shattered". The historical value and the preserved memory of these sites have been irreversibly damaged or destroyed. The head of the Yemeni General Organization for the Conservation of Yemeni Historic Sites, Naji Saleh Thawaba, also condemned the attack, saying he never imagined that one day the site could become a target for air strikes, even if hostile positions existed there should have been.

According to media reports, it was said in the Saudi Arabian capital, Riyadh, that a textile factory in the old town of Sanaa that was used by the Houthis as an arsenal had been attacked. The Saudi-led military coalition denied responsibility. The spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition, Ahmed al-Assiri, vehemently denied that there had been an attack on the old town: “We know that these sites are very important,” said al-Assiri. “We certainly have no operation whatsoever undertaken by the city itself. ”The pilots were instructed not to attack civilian targets. Al-Assiri suggested that the destruction could be due to gun and ammunition stashes in the neighborhood. It could have happened a few days earlier when an explosion occurred in such a camp. According to media reports, international observers considered the claim by the Saudi-led military coalition to be untrustworthy.

The “weapon castle” (Qasr al-Silah) in Sanaa, which is said to be built on the ruins of the legendary Ghamdan Palace - a presumed “marvel” of architecture - was also bombed from the air. The Ghamdan Palace was mentioned in the 10th century in the Iklil work of the Yemeni chronicler al-Hamdānī . According to him, King Seif bin dhi Yazan, the last Himyarite ruler in the 6th century, resided there.

• On June 9, 2015, according to UNESCO, the historic Al-Owrdhi complex, which dates back to the Ottoman era and is located directly outside the old town wall of Sanaa, was badly damaged.
• In Sa'da, the entire old town of Sa'da , listed on the World Heritage Tentative List of Yemen, came under fire from the air and, according to UNESCO information, was damaged on May 12, 2015. Air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance on May 9, 2015 in Sa'da partially destroyed the Imam-al-Hadi or Hadi mosque, which dates from the beginning of the 10th or 12th century depending on the source (Mosque of Al-Hadi ilal-Haqq Yahya bin al-Hussein bin al-Qasim), which is considered the oldest and most important mosque in the city, the third oldest mosque in Yemen and the oldest seat of Shiite education on the Arabian Peninsula. Depending on the source, the mosque was badly damaged or completely destroyed. According to media reports, the approximately 1,000-year-old mosque had to be closed for the first time in its history. Saudi Arabia subsequently confirmed that the mosque had been attacked, justifying this by saying that rebels had sought refuge in it. After the air strike, the pro-Houthi television channel Al-Masira broadcast broadcast a video report that showed the mosque, which had been bombed into ruins, and its entrance area completely destroyed.
• Historic stucco building in the Medieval coffee trading port on the Red Sea since 1993 as a World Heritage Site since 2000 by UNESCO on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger guided Old Town of Zabid had been destroyed, while pro-Saudi tribesmen and Houthis in central Yemen clashes near of a shrine that is said to have been built by the biblical legendary figure of the Queen of Sheba .
• In early June 2015, UNESCO Director General, Irina Bokova, condemned the air strikes on the ancient city of Marib and the May 31, 2015 attack on the Marib Dam . Marib is home to several important cultural sites such as the Bar'an Temple, the Awam Temple with the necropolis, the Wadi Ghufaina settlement and al-Mabna dam as well as the great dam of Marib, which are also listed (as the “Archaeological site of Marib”) on the tentative list of Yemen. Bokova expressed “deep concern” about the damage to the great Ma'rib dam, which she described as one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula and as a testimony to the history and values ​​that humanity has in common Has. The dam of Marib, which dates back at least to the 8th century BC and is considered a "miracle of technical engineering" or "one of the greatest technical wonders of the ancient world" and is also mentioned in a verse of the Koran , was according to local news reports and archaeological experts Damaged in an air raid on the night of May 31, 2015. Iris Gerlach , head of the Sanaa branch of the Orient Department of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), confirmed that the air attack had apparently hit the better-preserved area of ​​the dam. According to reports, the ancient Sabaean inscriptions on the dam walls could also be affected by the bombing. The remains of the dam are considered to be the most important ancient site in Yemen. From the 8th century BC to the 5th or 6th century AD, the dam provided the basis of life in the desert around the city of Marib, the largest city in ancient southern Arabia. Confirming the first reports of the dam's destruction on May 31, 2015 in social media and local news sources was initially difficult for international archaeologists due to the far-reaching communication problems in Yemen. Yemeni authorities blamed the Saudi Arabian coalition forces for the air strike. The General Authority for Antiquities and Museums in Yemen condemned the attack and threatened an appeal against the Saudi government.
• The excavation site of the fortified pre-Islamic city of Baraqish (al-Jauf province, near Marib ), which historically had been the capital of an empire from which Arab incense was supplied for the ancient Greek and Roman temples, was bombed and damaged when the The Saudi-led military alliance tried in vain to reverse the Houthis' land gains. Large parts of the city wall of Baraqish (5th century BC) were broken.
• According to Yemeni sources, the Sabaean site of Sirwah , 35 kilometers west of Marib, is said to have suffered significant damage from fighting due to its proximity to the local governor's palace. Large parts of the temple complex and the wall got cracks. The temple dates back to Sabaean times and was excavated by a German mission. In 2005, the largest known Sabaean inscription to date was found there. It is dated to the 7th century BC.
• The Ottoman fortress Qahira made of white stone on a rock head strategically overlooking the city of Taizz was shot at continuously for several days in May 2015 after the Houthis had holed up there. On May 11, 2015, Saudi pilots attacked the historic fort. On June 4, 2015, the local Yemen Post stated that the fortress had been hit by an air strike and "destroyed", but the extent of the damage was initially unclear.

The Qahira Castle, which was badly damaged by the war in 2015, was built in the 10th century B. Built in the 13th century AD and restored by the Muslim dynasty of the Ayyubids and built by the Sulaihids in the 10th or 11th to 12th centuries. It formed the nucleus of the settlement of the city of Taizz, had an important defensive function in history, and was the residence of the Ayyubids while they ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454. According to some estimates, the first construction of the fortress goes back to the 7th century AD.

• On May 21, 2015, a Saudi air strike completely destroyed the Dhamar Regional Museum, the main museum of Dhamar province 110 kilometers south of Sanaa and 145 kilometers southwest of Marib. The museum was the repository for over 150 ancient South Arabian inscriptions, including the oldest known inscriptions in the Yemeni hill country. It contained around 12,500 artifacts attesting to the region's rich cultural heritage. Dhamar, which like Sanna is an old center of Arab-Islamic culture, is the hometown of Ali Abdullah Salih, who supports the rebels.
• According to a report by Rasd24, on May 24, 2015, two Saudi air strikes attacked the ancient Al-Shareef citadel in the city of Bajel (Hodeida province).
• In Sinhan (province of Sanaa) the burial mosque of Abdarrazzak ibn Hammam as-San'ani from the 9th century was completely or partially destroyed.
• In Dhalea, the Dar al-Hassan in Damt from pre-Islamic times was completely or partially destroyed.
• In Aden, the third floor of the Aden National Museum , the building of which goes back to Sultan Fadhl bin Ali al-Abdali (1912), as well as the Jauhara mosque and the Sira fortress, which were also bombed, were partially or completely destroyed . Sira, which was built in the 11th century, is one of the most important castles in Aden.

• Gallery: Affected historical cultural property in Yemen
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  Old town of Sanaa , World Heritage, World Heritage endangered by the conflict since July 2015

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  al-Mahdi mosque in Sanaa

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  The old town of Sa'da with the al-Hadi mosque listed on the World Heritage Tentative List of Yemen

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  Al-Hadi Mosque in Sa'da

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  Historic stucco in Zabid , endangered world heritage

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  Ruins of the Great Dam of Marib , listed under “Archaeological site of Marib” on the tentative list of Yemen

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  Largely abandoned old part of the city of Marib

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  Sirwah

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  al-Qāhira fortress in Taizz

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  Aden National Museum

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  Sira fortress in Aden

Revoked reports of destruction:

• Unconfirmed reports on social media dated June 4, 2015 that Dar al-Hajar , the former summer palace of the Yemeni royal family from the 18th century near Sanaa, was hit by an air strike, were hit by an air strike in later reports on social media, after which the building was just missed, revoked.

Displacement and population movements

In December 2015, the number of internally displaced persons in Yemen had increased fivefold to over 2.5 million since the conflict broke out in March 2015 and thus amounted to 10 percent of the population. Most IDPs originated from Aden, Most IDPs originated from Aden, ad-Dali 'and Sa'da. According to UN figures, ten percent of the total population in Yemen (2.3 million people) had already been displaced internally by the conflict in October 2015, while Yemen was also hosting over 264,000 refugees from abroad. At the beginning of July 2015, the number of internally displaced persons was still given as 1.2 million, while the number of additional refugees was put at 244,000. Many IDPs in Yemen have been difficult for humanitarian organizations to reach. The refugees hosted in the country came mainly from Somalia and Ethiopia. Internal conflicts, including clashes between tribes, continued to lead to further displacement.

At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of refugees leaving Yemen since the crisis. The escalation of violence in Yemen reversed the decade-long refugee trend from the Horn of Africa across the Gulf of Aden to Yemen. While people from Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia had previously fled via Yemen to get to Saudi Arabia, the process was reversed and people from Yemen fled to the Horn of Africa. In the first four months since the conflict began in late March 2015, almost 100,000 people from Yemen fled abroad. Over three quarters of Yemeni refugees fled to Oman, Saudi Arabia and Djibouti.

Internal displacement caused by conflict

In the first 23 months since March 2015, according to UN figures, 11.3% of the Yemeni population experienced internal displacement as a result of the conflict.

Development of the internal refugee crisis in Yemen (January 2010 to June 2018)

Provinces with the most internal displacement
(as far as the origin is known)

#	Province of origin (with number of displaced persons) Status:
	May 31, 2015	July 6, 2015	October 14, 2015	December 10, 2015	February 29, 2016	5th April 2016	June 1, 2017	1st September 2017
1.	Sanaa (109,775)	Adan (256,674)	Adan (512,427)	Ta'izz (507,403)	Ta'izz (733,584)	Ta'izz (869,721)	Ta'izz (524,178)	Ta'izz (550,416)
2.	ad-Dali ' (97.419)	ad-Dali ' (97.238)	Ta'izz (349,458)	Sa'da (500,794)	Sa'da (561,979)	Sa'da (638,044)	Hajjah (374,898)	Hajjah (375,048)
3.	Adan (77,159)	Al houta (45,782)	Abyan (172,353)	At the. Al Asimah (281,529)	At the. Al Asimah (327,925)	At the. Al Asimah (340,352)	Sa'da (293,814)	Sa'da (294,072)
4th	Sa'da (49,494)	Sanaa (35,518)	Sa'da (151,878)	Adan (239,946)	Hajjah (320,352)	Hajjah (337,331)	At the. Al Asimah (272844)	At the. Al Asimah (272,676)
5.	Al houta (46,391)	Shabva (30.096)	Al houta (129,041)	Sanaa (175,973)	Sanaa (192,513)	Sanaa (204,184)	Sanaa (93,420)	Sanaa (93,276)

484,554 23,148 25,566 33,246 27,654 113,488 33,354 49,588 1,878 295,620 118,477 3,798 367.007 111.384 52,866 95,869 43,074 245,897 8,514 620.934

Distribution of around 2.8 million internally displaced persons in Yemen since March 26, 2015 Legend :: Provinces of origin of most of the internal displacements (as of April 5, 2016) Number of internally displaced persons in the respective destination province (as of April 5, 2016) ::> 400,000 : 300,000 - 400,000 : 200,000 - 300,000 : 100,000 - 200,000 : 50,000 - 100,000 : 10,000 - 50,000 : 1,000 - 10,000 : <1,000

Number of returnees
per province of return
(as of February 29, 2016)

Return province	Returnees	percent
Abyan	9,942	2
Adan	300,912	71
al-Baida '	6,528	2
ad-Dali '	16,104	4th
Hadramaut	876	0
Ibb	3,108	1
Lahij	63,510	15th
Shabwa	20.184	5
total	421.164	100

Development of internal displacement: Even before mid-April 2015, the UNHCR expressed concerns about the security of the 330,000 internally displaced persons and the 250,000 mostly Somali refugees in Yemen. He called on the international community to take in refugees from Yemen.

According to UN estimates, the number of internally displaced persons more than doubled to over 300,000 people in the period from April 17 to 28, 2015. The number of internally displaced persons continued to rise rapidly in the following period, according to UN data, the Task Force on Population Movement (TFPM) had put the number of internally displaced persons at over a million as of May 31, 2015 and, as provinces, from the people mainly fled, Sanaa, ad-Dali 'and Adan indicated. Shortly before, the UN media reports from the beginning of June 2015 had assumed that half a million people were homeless in Yemen . According to UN figures, the number of internally displaced persons reached 1,439,118 (245,919 households) at the beginning of August 2015. According to the UN, most of the internally displaced people found refuge in the provinces of Hajjah, ad-Dali 'and Adan. From August 2015, the front lines and hotspots of the conflict shifted, shifting and expanding the places of violence. In mid-October 2015, the UN recorded 2.3 million internally displaced persons, around 10 percent of the total population. The fifth report of the Task Force on Population Movement (TFPM) cited the use of a significantly improved methodology for tracking and profiling refugees as the main reason for the increase in the number of internally displaced persons .

The 7th TFPM report published in February 2016 validated a total of over 2.4 million internally displaced persons. There was a general increase in the internally displaced population in the northern and northwest areas and a decrease in the southern and southeast areas. This analysis reflected an increasing number of households that had returned to some southern areas of Yemen. The various organizations gave different information about the actual number; the UN stated the number as 2.7 million people.

As of April 1, 2017, the 14th TFPM report indicated 2 million conflict-related internally displaced persons and 0.9 million returnees in the country. 75% of the internally displaced were from the four provinces of Ta'izz, Hajjah, Sa'da and Amanat Al Asimah and 81% of the internally displaced had been displaced for more than a year.

Living conditions of internally displaced persons: Many of the more than one million people who had fled in neighboring provinces were housed in public spaces, where living conditions were overcrowded and often cramped and unsanitary. Some of the areas receiving the most internally displaced persons were also the areas with the least food security prior to the crisis. This increased the burden on the local population, especially in the provinces of Hajjah, al-Dali 'and Lahij. The communities were not able to cope with the large number of people to be taken in, so the refugees were housed in public buildings, schools and universities or lived outdoors. According to the UN, most of the internally displaced were living with relatives or friends and were a significant burden for families who were already at risk. However, many of the refugees - especially in the less developed and rural areas - had to go under trees, in caves and in unfinished buildings or even live in sewers and have been exposed to safety risks. The onset of the rainy season also posed a risk of flooding in some areas. The UN Aid Shelter / CCCM / NFI cluster maintained its strategy of not distributing tents in order to prevent the formation of camps or camp-like settlements, but had to temporarily give up this stance in June due to the further deteriorating situation and increasing inquiries . According to UN figures from July 2015, 80 percent of the approximately 800,000 displaced persons were housed with host families.

Figures: The UN figures for the number of internally displaced persons only included internally displaced persons who were registered since March 26, 2015, while internally displaced persons who were registered from March 26, 2015 before the escalation of the conflict were not counted. However, the UN assumed that a significant proportion of the pre-crisis internal refugees had been displaced again during the Saudi-led military intervention and were therefore included in the UN's information. According to the UN assessment, the UN figures for the number of internally displaced persons were lower than the actual number of internally displaced persons due to the existing assessments in some areas such as in the provinces of Aden, Sanaa and Sa'da due to limited means of telecommunications and the lack of access in some areas prevented partners working with the UN from carrying out comprehensive assessments.

Escape and evacuation from Yemen

Monthly arrival of returnees from Yemen in Somalia Source: UNHCR (as of 10 August 2015)
Month:				Number:
03.2015			39
04.2015			3,498
05.2015			8,683
06.2015			6.276
07.2015			9,864

Somali refugees return from Yemen by ship

Thousands of Somali refugees and Yemeni IDPs who fell victim to the 2015 conflict were housed in an abandoned university in al-Mukalla

A ship sent by the Somali business community with the help of international aid organizations brings over 2,500 Somali back to Somalia

Population movement from Yemen to neighboring countries since the end of March 2015
Total: 173,753 (as of March 2016)
Sources: UNHCR, IOM, partners

Movement from / to	Africa (Horn of Africa and Sudan)				Arabian Peninsula
	Djibouti	Somalia	Ethiopia	Sudan	Oman	Saudi Arabia
Yemenis	18,952	3,846	1,289	1106	5,000	30,000
Somali	297	27,657	2,515	42	46,000	9,880
Other nationalities	12,130	258	171	1,301
National returnees	1.961	0	7,548	3,800
total	33,340	31,761	11,523	6,249	51,000	39,880

According to estimates, 250,000 refugees and one million migrants, mainly Somali and Ethiopians, were still in precarious conditions in camps and reception centers or lived in poverty in urban areas in Yemen in May 2015. For months since the start of the military intervention in 2015, there have been no landings or take-offs of commercial flights in Yemen, where thousands of people were stranded. Mobility within Yemen was also difficult due to the lack of fuel and the checkpoints, and reduced opportunities for people stuck in Yemen.

The conflict and the difficult humanitarian emergency in Yemen forced around 20,000 people at risk to flee Yemen to the Horn of Africa in the first two months alone . They included refugees from Somalia, migrant workers from third countries and Yemeni civilians. Many refugees came to Djibouti by boat over the narrow strait or by charter flights ; destinations for refugees were also Somalia , Somaliland and Puntland . According to press reports, most of the refugees were unable to flee to the neighboring states of Saudi Arabia or Oman.

Observers estimate the situation in such a way that there would be no mass migration or flight to Europe. The reasons for this were the limited possibility of obtaining visas as well as financial and geographical conditions. Few people reached Greece. The way to Libya and thus to the more dangerous alternative route across the Mediterranean was also very difficult from Yemen. Members of the upper and middle classes used the flight connection to Amman in Jordan , which was associated with long waiting times and high costs and was only possible through payment in US dollars.

By the beginning of 2015, the population movement from Yemen registered by UNHCR and IOM comprised over 120,000 "displaced people", including around 55,000 Yemenis, 29,000 Somali, 14,000 national returnees and 23,000 people of other nationalities. With regard to the number of refugees, however, it is assumed that the number of unreported cases is high.

Composition and development of the population movement

This 25-year-old, according to the speaker of the Yemeni refugees in Somaliland , Nabil Salem received as at least 1,500 more refugees from Yemen not needed help from aid agencies, showered himself in petrol and sat down in front of the UNHCR -Büro in Hargeysa in Fire (October 2015).

By April 30, 2015, according to the IOM, around 12,300 people had fled Yemen across the Red Sea to the Horn of Africa, 8,896 of them to Djibouti, 2,285 to Puntland and 1,125 to Somaliland . According to the IOM, hundreds of people left Yemen during the so-called "humanitarian pause" from May 12 to 17, 2015 by boat across the Red Sea to Djibouti or across the Gulf of Aden to Somalia. By May 15, 2015, according to the UN, more than 28,700 Yemenis and TCNs had left Yemen since the conflict escalated in mid-March 2015 and were registered in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. According to the UNHCR as of May 22, 2015, the population movement from Yemen came to Djibouti, 7,800 to Saudi Arabia, 7,300 to Somalia, 500 to Oman and 300 to other neighboring countries. By June 10, 2015, 18,129 people from Yemen had arrived in Djibouti (including 8,883 Yemenis, 7,433 TCNs and 1,813 citizens of Djibouti) and 14,524 people in Somalia (19,485 in Puntland, 3,944 in Somaliland and 95 in the Central South) by June 10, 2015 ). By the end of July 2015, almost 100,000 people from Yemen had fled abroad, of which around 54,000 were registered as refugees with the UNHCR and government agencies for various kinds of aid. The UNHCR warned on August 4, 2015 that its regional forces in support of the refugee receiving countries suffered from severe financial shortages. According to the UNHCR, more than 100,000 people had fled Yemen since the beginning of the military intervention at the end of September, including only 40,000 Yemenis and the majority of them East Africans who returned to their homeland. By October 2015, 106,776 Yemenis, refugees and third country nationals (TCN) s had fled Yemen since the end of March and had reached countries in the Horn of Africa and the Persian Gulf (49,477 Yemenis and around 28,640 Somali).

According to the UN, by the end of October 2015, a total of 166,658 people had left Yemen since the start of the fighting, including 44 percent TCNs, 31 percent Yemenis and 17 percent Somali. Oman had informed in October that since March 2015 it had provided travel, accommodation and flight tickets for 51,000 TCNs from 27 different nations and that 500 Yemenis had arrived in Oman between May and July 2015, who at that time were still in Oman stayed. 39,880 people from Yemen had arrived in Saudi Arabia, and 75,778 others had arrived in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan.

Evacuation of foreign citizens

Evacuation by Indian military (Operation Rahat )

Evacuated before embarking on INS Sumitra

Evacuated while embarking on INS Mumbai

Evacuated while embarking on the INS Tarkash in the port of al-Hudaida on April 7, 2015

The INS Sumitra evacuated 959 citizens of Indian and 662 other nationalities from Aden , al-Hudaida and al-Shihr to Djibouti between March 31 and April 15, 2015 , the INS Mumbai on April 2 and 6, 728 citizens of Indian and 187 other nationalities and the INS Tarkash on April 7 and 10, 96 citizens of India and 442 of other nationalities.

Numerous states such as China, India, Turkey, Russia, France and Germany brought their compatriots as well as citizens of other nations from Yemen to safety with the help of their armed forces, among other things with ships and airplanes mostly under difficult conditions, as airports were bombed. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) was also involved in the evacuation measures.

According to the IOM, a total of 23,741 people had been evacuated from Yemen by the end of October 2015.

Escape to Yemen and human trafficking

Registered refugees and asylum seekers in Yemen
(as of October 31, 2015)

Country of origin	refugees	Asylum seekers	total
Somalia	251,468	-	251,468
Ethiopia	6,082	7,561	13,643
Iraq	3,397	127	3,524
Syria	2,988	614	3,602
Other	1,898	844	2,742
total	265.833	9,146	274.979

New arrivals in Yemen year on year

year	Country of origin				Dead or missing
	Somalia	Ethiopia	Other	total
2010	18,855	34,422	105	53,382	k. A.
2011	27,350	75,651	153	103.154	k. A.
2012	23,086	84,376	70	107,532	k. A.
2013	11,045	54,213	61	65,319	5
2014	19,640	71.907	45	91,592	246
2015	10.162	82,268	16	92,446	95
Jan. - March 2016	4,343	24,372	2	28,717	27

Yemen serves as a historical hub for population movements of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants on the way from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. Although it was the economically weakest country among the Gulf States, Yemen stood out in the region for its freedom of movement for refugees. It was the only state in the Arabian Peninsula that had signed the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugees .

Migration in and through Yemen was seen as a “back door” for migrants and asylum seekers from the Horn of Africa to get to Saudi Arabia and was life-threatening even before the military intervention and took place under inhuman treatment. The crossings in Yemen are considered very dangerous and have resulted in numerous deaths since the beginning of 2015. The war that had been going on for years since 2015 limited the capacity of Yemen to provide adequate aid and adequate protection for the refugees.

Despite the increasing flow of refugees from Yemen to the Horn of Africa, according to UNHCR information from April 2015, hundreds of asylum seekers, mostly from Somalia and Ethiopia, were registered by the Yemeni Red Crescent, who continued to arrive in the opposite direction on the coasts of Yemen and who either did not know the Situation in Yemen or under the control of refugee smugglers. Due to the difficult access to certain regions, it was not possible to bring newcomers to the centers within the country and to support them with appropriate humanitarian aid. In addition, reception centers could no longer be used after they were attacked, looted and refugees and members of aid organizations were killed.

While the main arrival point in 2013 and 2014 was on the Red Sea with Taizz, from 2015 it relocated to the Arabian Sea with Hadramaut Due to the conflict, the freedom of movement of these people in Yemen was restricted. The earning potential and available services were reduced by the situation and organized gangs and smugglers operated in the coastal area of ​​the Red Sea.

Human traffickers exploited migrants and smuggled thousands of people from the Horn of Africa into Yemen by boat. Many refugees were held by people smugglers believing that the conflict in Yemen was over and that the situation was safe again. The risks associated with sea crossings in addition to war included abduction, assault, drowning, exploitation and sexual violence. Hundreds of refugees are reported to have been abducted both at sea and upon arrival on the Yemeni coasts.

According to an estimate by the UNHCR in October 2015, Yemen was hosting over 264,000 migrants at the time, including over 250,000 Somali. According to UNHCR, around 280,000 refugees were living in Yemen in May 2017, and the situation was deteriorating steadily. Including around 255,000 Somali refugees who had come to Yemen since the early 1990s. A growing number of them forced their return to Somalia because of the poor conditions in Yemen.

Evacuations from the Saudi Arabian border area

On February 1, 2016, the spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition, Brigadier General Ahmed al-Assiri, said, according to Reuters, the Saudi leadership had been forced to relocate a dozen villages along the Saudi-Yemeni border due to continued attacks by Huthi militias and troops loyal to Salih evacuate and relocate 7,000 people from the frontline districts, with 500 schools closed. However, according to an AFP report on February 2, Assiri said thousands of civilians had been relocated since an earlier conflict with the Houthis between 2009-2010.

Dead and injured

Civilians have so far been disproportionately affected by the military actions in Yemen and account for around half of the total death toll.

Civilian casualties in Yemen during the military intervention

Violations of fundamental children's rights
Verified number of cases according to UN figures

Type of violation	March 26 - May 22, 2015 Data source: Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM)	March 26th - end of July 2015	March 26th - end of December 2015	until March 2017	until June 2018 Source: MRM
Killing children	135	398	747	1,546	2,398
Mutilation of children	260	605	1.108	2450	3,652
Recruitment or use by armed groups	159	377	724	1,572	2,635

UN civil casualty estimates
(March 26 - June 7)
Data source: OHCHR

province	Fatalities	Injured
Adan	290	429
Sanaa	206	817
Sa'da	203	164
Ta'izz	142	554
Ibb	127	207
al-Huddaida	98	438
ad-Dali '	52	215
Hajjah	45	204
Abyan	35	28
Amran	24	62
Lahij	22nd	52
Dhamar	22nd	24
Shabwa	16	16
al-Jauf	6th	8th
Ma'rib	4th	0
al-Baida '	3	0
Hadramaut	2	9
total	1,297	3,227

According to UN figures from August 2018, 6,592 civilians have been killed and 10,470 others injured since March 26, 2015. Air strikes led by the Saudi-led military alliance were primarily responsible for this. Numerous people also died from attacks by Houthi rebels.

According to estimates by partner organizations of the UN in Yemen, over 7.3 million affected children needed protective measures in June 2015. Reports of death, injury and recruitment of children by armed groups had risen dramatically, according to the UN. The number of children recruited had doubled over the course of a year. Within just two months of the Saudi-led military intervention, 260 cases of child mutilation were verified. The number of children killed in the period was given as 135. Children were used by armed groups to guard checkpoints or to carry weapons. According to UN figures from January 2016, an estimated average of eight children were killed or mutilated every day.

The UN estimates of the number of victims understated the actual numbers, according to the UN, as they were based on data from the health facilities and many people faced extreme difficulties in gaining access to the health facilities. The UN actually assumed that the number of civilians killed and injured was far higher than recorded in its casualty statistics. Comprehensive estimates of the casualty figures in Yemen were not available during the military intervention. The collection of data on the victims encountered difficulties during the military intervention, including attacks on key facilities. The number of children recruited was also estimated by the UN as likely far higher than the number of cases verified by the UN, since most families refused to talk about recruiting their children for fear of reprisals.

Civilian casualties in Saudi Arabia

In the course of the fighting, numerous civilians were also killed and injured, particularly in the border regions of Saudi Arabia, as a result of air strikes and shell fire. Civilians are also believed to have been killed by Houthis, who had intensified their cross-border missile attacks since 2015. The Huthi militias and Salih-loyal army troops are said to have fired over 40,000 mortar shells, Katyusha rockets and other projectiles across the border since the beginning of the Saudi-led military intervention . and one police officer were killed and three others injured.

Victims and losses in the conflict since March 2015

Victims of conflict (March 19 - December 20, 2015)
according to reports from health facilities

Classification	dead	Injured	total
Women	436	809	1,239
children	449	1009	1,455
unclassified people (including women and children)	5,070	26,299	31,369
total	5,955	28,111	34,066

Health facility reporting rates
(mid-October 2015)
Data source: Ministry of Health, WHO

province	Reporting rate [%]
Amanat Al Asimah	100
al-Huddaida	100
Shabwa	100
Amran	100
Hajjah	96
Lahij	92
Hadramaut	92
Ibb	92
Sanaa	92
Dhamar	77
Adan	76
Sa'da	32
Ta'izz	12

Overall UN statistics are available that not only include fatalities that could be identified as civilians, but also include other fatalities. The recorded period for these statistics begins on March 19, 2015, i.e. one week of the events before the start of the Saudi-led military intervention.

As of January 2016, health facilities had reported a total of more than 35,000 deaths, including over 6,100 fatalities, which averaged 113 deaths per day since mid-March 2015, many of whom were civilians according to UN estimates.

While the UN put the death toll at around 5,700 people at the end of October 2015 (including at least 830 women and children if these data were explicitly incomplete), the Yemeni Civil Coalition, which observed the Saudi air strikes, already gave a death toll of almost according to media reports from November 2015 7,500 people and more than 16,000 other injuries from the air strikes since the end of March.

For the first seven months of 2015, a joint report by the United Kingdom-based non-governmental organization Action on Armed Violence (AOAV) and the UN-OCHA concluded that air strikes were responsible for 60 percent of civilian casualties. 23 percent of civil casualties were caused by explosive weapons fired from the ground and 17 percent by IEDs . 95 percent of people killed or injured by explosive weapons in populated areas were civilians. 53 percent of civilian casualties were reported in Sana'a and the surrounding districts. During this period, Yemen, 4,500 civilians, had been killed or injured more than any other country in the world. According to the AOAV and UN-OCHA, more people had been killed or injured by explosive weapons - bombs, rockets, mines, mortar grenades, booby traps - in Yemen than in Syria in the previous nine months. According to the AOAV, over 80 percent of the victims were civilians.

A significant escalation of the conflict in Yemen has taken place since March 23, 2015, when clashes between Houthi fighters and other parties intensified, mainly in the south of the country, and on March 26, air strikes began to attack military targets and the Houthis, initially in Sanaa and Sa'da and expanding to 13 of the 22 provinces by March 31. According to the WHO, 361 people were killed and 1,345 others injured in the period from March 23 to March 31, 2015. Many of the victims were civilians. According to UN figures, 549 people killed and 1,707 injured in the violence in Yemen between March 19 and April 3, 2015 included at least 217 killed and 516 injured civilians, many of whom were victims of attacks against two Zaidi mosques in Sanaa on March 20, 2015, in which suicide bombers killed 140 people and wounded 350 during prayers, according to UN figures, and for which the Yemeni branch of IS had declared itself responsible.

According to UN estimates, civilians accounted for around half of the deaths in the fighting and bombing in Yemen. As of July 10, of the 3,260 people killed and 15,911 injured at that time, 187 and 426 verified cases, respectively, were children. According to the WHO, of the 1,849 fatalities, 67 women and 103 children and of the 7,394 injured 132 women and 225 children were among the cases reported to the UN by health institutions up to May 17, 2015. Of the 103 children that the Yemeni health facilities reported to the WHO as dead in the conflict in Yemen at that time, around 45 percent were in Sa'da province, around 20 percent in Sanaa province, around 11 percent, according to UN figures in the province of Ibb and another 9 percent in the city of Sanaa (province: Amanat Al Asimah). Of the 2,288 fatalities and 9,755 injuries as of June 9, 2015, 279 and 402, respectively, were children, according to UNICEF.

From March 2015 to September 2016, 13 health workers were killed in Yemen and another 31 injured, according to WHO information.

According to the Yemeni health system, over 2,800 people were killed and around 12,500 injured in the conflict between March 19 and June 15, 2015. Among the 3,261 dead and 15,811 injured who the conflict had claimed from March 19 to July 1, according to the health institutions, there were at least 216 children and 182 women killed and at least 556 children injured and 409 women injured.

Figures: The UN victim statistics only took into account the victims reported by the health facilities and were considered "very conservative". The UN wrote about their estimates of the number of victims that the actual numbers are likely to be much higher. For the UN reports on the number of victims, OCHA expressly pointed out that reports of loss often underestimate the actual number of victims. According to the UN, the figures given by the UN were also far lower than the actual ones due to reporting gaps. The UN estimates of civilian casualties were often underestimates because many people did not have the means to seek hospital treatment and families were allowed to bury their dead before reports of deaths could be collected. Many of the wounded and killed were not taken to health facilities and went unreported. According to official figures from the Yemeni government, the proportion of women was limited to two percent of the total number of reported victims, but the UN assumed that the number of women affected was significantly higher. UNICEF also pointed out that the verifications of the data ran into difficulties given the difficulties surrounding access and that the actual numbers were therefore likely to be much higher. At the end of September 2015, the media also commented that the information on the number of dead and wounded, cited by the UN, was backed by Yemeni authorities, which, however, could hardly function effectively, so that the number of dead and wounded in reality “much higher” (Daniel Steinvorth / NZZ). In 2017, UN sources pointed out that the actual number of victims was incompletely recorded due to the reduced reporting quality after 19 months of war and therefore in reality significantly higher than in their information, as a large number of health facilities were not or only partially operational as a result of the conflict many people would have no access to healthcare at all.

Allegations and criticism

See also : Section “Criticism of Resolution 2216 of the UN Security Council”  and Section “Criticism of Western arms deliveries for Saudi Arabia and other Gulf States” in “Military intervention in Yemen 2015/2016”

Violations of international law and human rights

During the military intervention, the Saudi-led military coalition was accused of using cluster bombs, of neglecting civilian victims in its air strikes and of attacking hospitals. The Saudi-led military coalition's sea blockade across the country was blamed for acute supply problems for the population, 80 percent of whom were dependent on humanitarian aid, the distribution of which was hampered by the blockades and ruthless warfare.

There were also serious allegations against the pro-Houthi forces that they set up a Houthi siege ring around Taizz, obstructed aid deliveries, attacked hospitals, and disappeared political opponents in Sanaa, such as unpleasant activists and journalists with ties to the Islah party, which is close to Saudi Arabia let heavy weapons fire on areas that were also inhabited during fighting.

The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) verified 8,875 reports of human rights violations since March 26, 2015, and calculated an average of 43 human rights violations per day for this period. The OHCHR referred to credible reports of violations by all parties to the conflict against international humanitarian law and international human rights law, some of which could be war crimes.

Attacks were condemned that did not ignore civilians and refugees, civil infrastructure and facilities of aid organizations, in particular on residential areas, hospitals and various health facilities as well as schools, airports and ports. The rejection of responsibility by Saudi Arabia and the expulsion of UN human rights envoys were also sharply criticized. Ill-treatment of civilians and detained fighters was also criticized.

On the part of the aid organizations, investigative committees of the UN Security Council have been called on several times to investigate possible attacks contrary to international law. Human rights activists have repeatedly accused the UN Security Council of inaction regarding the use of investigative committees.

Air strikes by the Saudi-led and US-backed military coalition

Air strikes apparently violating international law (selection)
HRW - Investigation of 10 air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition between April 11 and August 30, 2015,
in which HRW either failed to identify a military target or the attack failed to differentiate between civilians and military objects

date	Place / Province	Hit object	Civilians killed (minimum information)				Injured civilians (minimum)
			Men	Women	children	total
April 11, 2015	Amran / ʿAmrān	Residential buildings in the city	1	2	1	4th	1
May 12, 2015	Abs / Hajjah	Abs / Kholan Prison and other buildings in the city	21st	1	3	25th	18th
May 12, 2015	Zabid / al-Hudaida	Shagia market and lemon grove in town	39	13	8th	60	155
4th July 2015	Muthalith Ahim / Hajjah	Market square in the village	?	?	3	65	105
July 6, 2015	ʿAmrān	1. Bawn Market between Amran and Raydah; 2. Jawb Market outside Amran City	13	1	15th	29	20th
July 12, 2015	Sanaa -Sawan / Sanaa	Muhamasheen residential area with residential buildings	2	7th	14th	23	31 people
19th July 2015	Yarīm / Ibb	Residential buildings and buildings in the city	4th	3	9	16	16
July 24, 2015	Mocha / Ta'izz	Housing complexes of the Mokka steam power plant	42	13	10	65	55
August 8, 2015	Shara'a / Ibb	Residential buildings in the village (Radhma district)	2	3	3	8th	2
August 30, 2015	Abs / Hajjah	Al-Sham bottled water factory on the outskirts of the city	11		3	14th	11
Total civil casualties in the 10 attacks investigated by HRW for the November 26, 2015 report (minimum)			309				414

Apparently unlawful and unpunished air strikes on residential areas in Sanaa in September and October 2015 (selection)
HRW -Investigation of 6 air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition,
in which HRW either could not identify a military target or the attack did not differentiate between civilians and military objects

date	Place / Province	Hit object	Civilians killed (minimum information)				Injured civilians (minimum)
			Men	Women	children	total
4th September 2015	Sanaa- hadda	Residential buildings in the neighborhood	0	1	2	3
18th September 2015	Sanaa	Buildings on Marib Street	3	1	1	5	8th
18th September 2015	Sanaa Old City	Buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage Old Town	4th	2	7th	13	12
September 21, 2015	Sanaa- Al-Hassaba	Building in the densely populated residential area	3	6th	11	20th	?
23rd September 2015	Sanaa- Al-Asbahi	Buildings in the residential area	7th	2	10	19th	?
October 26, 2015	Sanaa -Thabwa	Buildings in the suburb				2
Total civil casualties in the 6 attacks investigated by HRW for the December 21, 2015 report (minimum)			60				?

Apparently unlawful air strikes on residential areas in and around Sanaa in January and February 2016 (selection)
HRW -Investigation of 6 air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition,
in which 28 civilians - including 12 children - were killed and at least 13 others were injured.

date	Place / Province	Hit object	Civilians killed (minimum information)				Injured civilians (minimum)
			Men	Women	children	total
22nd January 2016	Sanaa -Bait Baws	Residential building and storage facility for clothes in the district	0	0	1	1	4th
January 25, 2016	Sanaa	House of Judge Yahya Muhammad Rubaid	2	3	0	5	1
January 28, 2016	Sanaa -Faj Attan	Residential house in the residential area	1	4th	1	6th
February 9, 2016	Sanaa -Bait Maiyad	House and school 600 m from the Presidential Palace	1	1	3	5
February 25, 2016	Sanaa- Al-Lail	Street and houses 450 m from the Presidential Palace	1	0	0	1	4th
February 27, 2016	District Nihm	Busy market in Khulqa village	5	1	4th	10	4th
Total civil casualties in the 6 attacks investigated by HRW for the report of May 4, 2016 (minimum figure)			28				13

Sanaa :
Muhamasheen as uninvolved victim of Saudi air strikes
Photos by: Almigdad Mojalli / VOA

One day after the July 12, 2015 air strike, impoverished Yemeni families saw no opportunity to rebuild their homes

Muhamasheen district, in which more than 100 buildings remained demolished months after the bombing (October 9, 2015)

According to UNICEF, the fringe group “black” Yemenis, traditionally called Akhdam (“slaves”) or more recently by human rights groups Muhamasheen (“marginalized”), is particularly hard hit by Saudi air strikes due to their poor living conditions and lack of tribal and social support mechanisms .

Human rights groups repeatedly accused the Saudi-led military coalition of killing civilians and destroying health facilities and other infrastructure with its air strikes.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) documented 36 apparently illegal, arbitrary or disproportionate air strikes between March 2015 and January 2016 that resulted in the deaths of over 500 civilians. According to information from November 2015, HRW documented numerous air strikes that unlawfully failed to differentiate between civilians and combatants or targeted places such as busy markets that were not obvious military targets and resulted in hundreds of civilian casualties. HRW stressed that the US had a direct role in coordinating the military coalition's air operations, according to US military officials. The involvement of US forces in specific attacks makes them responsible for possible violations of international martial law by the Saudi-led military coalition. More than 300 civilians were killed and over 400 injured, according to an HRW investigation of ten air strikes by the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition between April and August 2015. HRW condemned the attacks as unlawful, described it as “shocking” that the Saudi-led military coalition “is unwilling to investigate even one of the potentially unlawful attacks” and also accused the US and the UN Security Council of inaction. As early as April 10, 2015, HRW had stated in a letter to the US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter that it had documented the killing of dozens of civilians by air strikes in Yemen during the first weeks of the military campaign of the US government-backed Saudi-led military coalition that could constitute violations of international martial law .

According to information from February 2016, Amnesty International (AI) has investigated the circumstances and effects of over 30 air strikes in Sanaa, al-Hudaida, Hajjah and Sa'da since the conflict began in March 2015. Amnesty International found that the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition had continued to violate international humanitarian law, including through what appeared to be deliberate attacks on civilian properties such as hospitals, schools and factories. Amnesty International reported on April 24, 2015 that it documented eight air strikes in five densely populated areas (Sa'da, Sanaa, al-Hudaida, Hajjah and Ibb). According to AI, several of these air strikes raised concerns about compliance with international humanitarian law. According to the results of AI's investigation, at least 139 people were killed, including at least 97 civilians, of whom 33 were children, while 460 people were injured, including 157 civilians, during the air strikes. Air strikes and shell fires had also damaged or destroyed hospitals, schools, universities, air ports, mosques, food transport vehicles, factories, gas stations, telephone networks, power stations and stadiums, leaving thousands of people without electricity and suffering from food and fuel. On March 26, 2015, Amnesty International warned that the high death toll on civilians in the early morning air strikes on March 26, 2015 in Sanaa, reportedly killed 25 people, including at least six children under the age of ten had raised concerns about whether the Saudi-led air strikes were in accordance with international humanitarian law.

In a 47-page report published on June 30, 2015, based, among other things, on HRW on-site investigations and interviews with 28 victims and witnesses during the five-day "humanitarian break" in May 2015, HRW accused the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition of to have killed 59 people, including at least 35 children, who were reported to be civilians in air strikes on Sa'da city from April 6 to May 11. Apparently there were serious violations of international martial law that must be properly investigated. According to HRW, the declaration of the city of Saada as a military target by the Saudi-led military coalition, warning residents to leave the area, was a violation of international martial law because it did not distinguish between civilians and legitimate military targets. Sa'da's declaration of a military goal may also constitute a violation of the ban on issuing threats of violence with the aim of terrorizing the civilian population.

On December 11, 2015, AI accused the Saudi-led and - according to AI - "armed by the United States and Great Britain" - military alliance in a report and open letter of bombing schools in Yemen in violation of international humanitarian law thereby denying thousands of children the right to education. For the report, AI investigated five air strikes on schools between August and October 2015 in Sanaa and two other locations, in which, according to AI, at least five civilians were killed and ten adults and four children were injured. Some school buildings were bombed more than once, suggesting a targeted attack. In no case are there any indications that the schools were used for military purposes. In no case, for example, could rumors confirm that the schools had been used to store weapons. In the result of the report that the schools were not used for military purposes but as educational establishments, AI saw an indication of war crimes. Lama Fakih, AI crisis expert, said: "Deliberate attacks on schools that are not used for military purposes are a war crime." According to the on-site investigations by AI, over 6,500 children were no longer able to go to school due to the destruction. AI emphasized that in addition to the dead and injured, many other children were also among the victims of the air strikes, as their education would suffer. In the report, AI called on all states that supplied the Saudi-led military alliance with arms to stop arms deliveries "which are used to violate international law".

Air raid on the premises of the Al Noor Center
in Sanaa on January 5, 2016
Photos by: Almigdad Mojalli

Destruction in the blind center by the unexploded bomb

A blind child holds a dove of peace on a protest against the attack on the blind center (photo: January 10, 2016) "/>

Pro-Houthi killings, kidnappings and hostage-taking

On May 7, 2015, HRW reported that pro-Houthi forces in Aden shot dead two women on April 17 and 18, 2015 and held ten local aid workers hostage for periods ranging from six days to two weeks in April. The incidents may have been war crimes.

Reporters Without Borders (RSF) reported in December 2015 that Houthi rebels attacked editorial offices with heavy weapons and kidnapped politically undesirable journalists. The kidnapping of journalists had become a common occurrence in Yemen since Houthi militias took control of the city of Sanaa in September 2014, according to the RSF. With allegedly 13 professional journalists (plus a citizen journalist and a media worker) held hostage by the Houthis in December 2015, the second highest number of journalists in the world after Syria was held hostage by kidnappers. In December 2015, for example, the Yemeni journalist Salah Al Qaidi was held hostage in Yemen by the Houthis who kidnapped him on August 28, 2015 in Sanaa because he worked for a press channel that supported the Sunni al-Islah party. According to RSF's information desk, he was tortured and then taken to a detention center in Habra District, Sanaa City, in October 2015, where press facilities had been ransacked and there were few independent journalists around. RSF assessed the situation for the journalists in the hands of the Houthis as worrying on the grounds that the Houthis would disregard the Geneva Conventions in the country's devastating Yemen conflict and would safely use hostages as human shields . RSF emphasized the sharp increase in the number of cases in 2015 in Yemen, where 33 journalists kidnapped by the Houthi militia and al-Qaeda in 2015 compared with just 2 cases in the previous year.

In January 2016, HRW documented the arbitrary or improper arrest of at least 35 people by the Houthis in Sanaa for the period from August 2014 to October 2015, of whom 27 were still in custody in January. As the motive for many of the arrests, HRW assumed links between the arrested and the Islah party. Forced disappearances were presumed to have been made of seven people whose whereabouts were not known to their families. Also in January, HRW pointed out that two demonstrators who had forcibly disappeared in Ibb on October 12, had remained unexplained for three months, as well as the torture and adverse treatment of demonstrators by the Houthis.

Houthi rebels blockade of aid supplies to the besieged city of Taizz

On January 31, 2016, HRW issued a statement accusing the Houthi rebels of blocking humanitarian aid for the approximately 600,000 residents of the city of Taizz. Food and medicine are being stopped and the Houthi rebels are committing "serious violations" of international humanitarian law. HRW said that between December 13, 2015 and January 9, 2016, Houthi guards at positions around Taizz prevented civilians from bringing fruit and vegetables, fuel, oxygen bottles and medicines into the city. Such goods have repeatedly been confiscated. Amnesty International accused Houthi armed groups and allied forces on February 9, 2016, of endangering the lives of thousands of civilians in the city of Taizz by having been unable to provide them with essential medical supplies and food for the previous three months. blatant violation “of international humanitarian law.

Effect of a cluster bomb of the type CBU-97 SFW (and CBU-105)

M270-MLRS when firing one of its 12 missiles

M77 bomblets compared to the size of a human hand

Use of land mines

Construction of an anti-personnel mine , type GYATA-64. According to HRW, GYATA-64 from Hungarian production and PPM-2 from GDR production were found and cleared in the provinces of Adan and Ta'izz , for example .

In November 2015, HRW complained about the use of anti-personnel mines by Houthi rebels in Yemen, which killed or injured numerous people, particularly in the country's southern provinces. The actual number of civilian casualties is unknown. Houthi rebels also laid banned landmines in the port of Aden in July 2015 prior to their withdrawal from the city of Aden, despite the 1997 international agreement ratified by Yemen in 1998, according to reports from HRW . In April 2017, HRW spoke of six affected provinces and hundreds of people killed or maimed.

Use of child soldiers

Yemen was one of eight countries in the world whose state military also used children. The training of minors to use firearms was considered widespread even before the military intervention. In the tribal areas in particular, shooting training was often seen as a transition to adulthood , but in Yemen there is supposed to have been a traditional tribal agreement that children were not allowed to participate in real combat.

Since the conflict escalated in March 2015, all parties to the conflict have recruited and deployed children. The main reason given for the increased number of children in all regions of the country is the dramatic increase in poverty. Young mercenaries could expect wages of at least 100 US dollars, a substantial sum in Yemen. The impoverished families depended on the children's income and therefore often did not allow them to return to their families. Since most schools had to close because of the unrest, the pool of potential child recruits had increased.

According to estimates by aid organizations (as of May 2015), several thousand child soldiers participated in the war in Yemen. They were not only used at checkpoints, but sometimes also in combat. It is also believed that as the war intensified, dozens of child soldiers were killed.

According to Human Rights Watch , the Houthi rebels had also stepped up the recruitment and training of children during the war and set up child soldiers like Islamist and tribal militias or armed groups like AQAP. According to some estimates, possibly close to a third of the Houthi rebel forces out of some 25,000 fighters were under the age of 18.

Lack of reporting and attention

Western media had reported little on Yemen despite numerous armed conflicts in previous years and decades and focused on the other trouble spots in the Middle East. After the extent of the misery of the civilian population during the military intervention in Yemen in 2015 had become greater than ever before, an increasing number of experts and eyewitnesses from Yemen spoke up with the aim of drawing the world's attention to the humanitarian emergency in Yemen.

However, there was hardly any coverage of the conflict in Yemen in the international press. The months of bombing in Yemen by the Saudi-led military coalition went largely unnoticed by the Western media.

Human Rights Watch repeatedly criticized the UN Security Council for "remaining almost silent on violations by the coalition".

Accusation of "forgotten war"

The war in Yemen has often been dubbed a "forgotten war" by some aid agencies, human rights organizations, correspondents, journalists and other observers. The accusation was raised that there was no “outcry from the world” and the world powers and that the dramatic conflict was being ignored worldwide compared to other theaters of war worldwide. It was pointed out that the situation in Yemen was similar or partially worse and that according to the figures it was one of the biggest current global crises in Yemen and that even indications of its expansion and aspects such as the massive destruction and famine were not public enough would be perceived. There were numerous calls to the international community, and in particular the UN Security Council, to intervene and end the unacceptable situation.

With regard to the funds for relief measures, it was also criticized that this conflict would appear to be eclipsed by other global crises. In addition, the charge was made that the destruction of the unique cultural property went almost unnoticed and was not condemned more severely. So had z. For example, the Yemeni journalist Almigdad Mojalli, who regularly works for the UN information service IRIN, traveled to Jordan shortly before he was himself killed in an air strike by the Saudi-led military coalition in Yemen and reports that the Yemeni conflict hardly even occurs in this Arab-speaking country Made headlines.

Restrictions on journalists

Since the Saudi attack in Yemen, it has been difficult for foreign journalists to get into the country or obtain visas , making it almost impossible for them to report. At the same time, power outages lasting days and a poorly developed internet infrastructure hampered citizen journalism and online activism in Yemen. It was particularly difficult for journalists to obtain authentic and independently verified information.

Attempts to explain the absence of an "international outcry"

Various explanations were given in the media as reasons for the alleged comparatively low level of attention to this conflict, including that it was overshadowed by other global conflicts. As an impoverished and isolated country, Yemen had been in turmoil for more than a decade. B. low oil reserves and other resources not of global economic interest. An important factor was also cited that only a few governments worldwide are willing to criticize the oil power Saudi Arabia, since many governments would benefit from Saudi Arabia's support or investments, especially since Saudi Arabia received support for the intervention from the USA, among others in return for reducing Iran's influence in supporting rebels. Official partners of the Saudi military coalition such as B. Egypt there was only a few and uncritical reports. Another reason given was the complexity of the conflict situation - the conflict was a complicated civil conflict with local and international alliances that was generally not very plausible.

According to Adam Baron of the European Council on Foreign Relations, the long-term involvement of Yemen in various conflicts forced the fact that the world public took the war for granted. Part of the self-interest situation is that the USA, Great Britain and France should defeat the Saudis either logistically or through arms sales (Great Britain alone in the first three quarters of 2015 at a value of 2.8 billion pounds sterling, USA since September 2014 at over 21 billion US dollars Dollars). The liaison of interests also means that the exchange of information with Saudi Arabia has been a key element of US and British politics for years, which Saudi Arabia viewed as a stabilizing force in the region. It is unlikely that the West would restrict its allies Saudi Arabia if the Houthis attacked its borders and Saudi Arabia raised the issue of a threat from Iranian influence. The media are also more interested in the larger regional conflicts in Syria and Iraq, the effects of which on the West in terms of refugees, extremist attacks and geopolitical dangers can be more clearly defined.

Demands from international investigations into human rights violations and war crimes

On September 11, 2015, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Seid al-Hussein, published a detailed report on the high death toll on civilians in Yemen. On September 14, he called for the establishment of a mechanism for an independent commission to investigate human rights violations and war crimes in conflict. On September 15, the UN Special Envoy for the Prevention of Genocide ( Adama Dieng ) and the Responsibility to Protect ( Jennifer Welsh ) joined the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Seid al-Hussein in urging the creation of a corresponding international mechanism ' on.

The Netherlands, whose Foreign Minister Bert Koenders had already declared in August that the Dutch government was looking for a possibility of a resolution for an international investigation, reacted shortly afterwards to the recommendations of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights with a draft resolution that a corresponding UN mission with the mandate to document violations on all sides for the period from September 2014. The Dutch proposal for a resolution also called on the warring parties to allow humanitarian groups access for aid supplies and trade imports of goods such as fuel needed to run hospitals, both of which were curbed by the Saudi-led military coalition's blockade of Yemeni ports. Human rights and humanitarian organizations had also called for a UN investigation into abuses on all sides in Yemen, including in a joint letter on the resolution for Yemen during the 30th session of the UN meeting from 14 September to 2 October 2015. Human Rights Council .

On September 30, 2015, the Netherlands' draft resolution for the UN Human Rights Council, which provided for comprehensive international investigations into human rights violations and war crimes in Yemen since September 2014, was withdrawn by the Netherlands under pressure from Saudi Arabia and with the support of the USA and Great Britain . While Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States allied with Saudi Arabia had put up intense resistance to the Dutch proposal, it had received little support from Western governments, including the United States. The USA, which in sharp contrast to its stance on international investigations and missions in Syria, North Korea , Libya , Sri Lanka and Eritrea , had remained silent on the question in Yemen for a long time, on September 28th initially had its support for the Dutch resolution and theirs Call for an international inquiry, but human rights experts who observed the negotiations on the resolutions expressed their impression that shortly afterwards the US, UK and France decided to instead support a consensus resolution due to be voted on October 2nd was scheduled for the Human Rights Council. Western governments had made a “180-degree turn” and abandoned plans for an international investigation into human rights violations by all warring parties in the war in Yemen. Human rights groups expressed their dismay that the consensus approach came at a time when new evidence was emerging of the steep rise in civil casualties in Yemen. The resolution of the Netherlands for a human rights commission in favor of Yemen, which was also not supported by the German government, had failed with the decision of September 30th in the UN and an international investigation into possible human rights violations and war crimes in Yemen was averted.

Instead, on October 2, 2015, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution submitted by Saudi Arabia (issued by the Yemeni government in exile Hadi in Saudi Arabia) by consensus of the 47 member states, which made no reference to an independent international investigation, but rather only asked the UN's OHCHR to provide “technical assistance” to a national investigation commission of the Hadi government in exile in Yemen, thereby leaving the investigation to the warring party supported by Saudi Arabia. France and Great Britain were among the main supporters of the adopted resolution for a purely national commission of inquiry, which was criticized as partisan because it was based on a resolution issued by the Yemeni government in exile, Hadi, and thus by one of the conflicting parties. Amnesty International then sharply criticized the UN Human Rights Council for the failure of an international investigation into human rights violations and war crimes in Yemen and attacked the resolution tabled by Saudi Arabia that it reflected a failure of the UN Human Rights Council in its commitment to law and Ensure accountability and send the message that the international community does not really want to end the suffering of civilians. Human Rights Watch accused the UN Human Rights Council of missing a crucial opportunity to address alleged violations of martial law by all sides in the conflict in Yemen.

Tariq Riebl, Oxfam program director for the relief operation in Yemen, called the lack of opposition to the Saudi attacks on Yemen "disappointing" and said that Oxfam urged a human rights commission, which has been researching the events since March 2015, to agree founded, "found little response from the governments that support Saudi Arabia". The Atlantic reported in early October 2015 that the US had enabled the Saudis to block the UN investigation into the deaths of thousands of people in the war in Yemen.

After the first request to the UN Human Rights Council to set up an investigation failed due to the opposition of Saudi Arabia in 2015, a UN panel of experts presented a report in January 2016 in which it listed 119 air force missions by the Saudi-led military coalition that violated international humanitarian law and called on an international commission of inquiry. The UN Panel of Experts called on the UN Security Council to consider setting up the investigation in order to "investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian law and human rights in Yemen by all parties and to identify the perpetrators of such violations".

As a result, the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance announced in late January 2016 an investigation into possible human rights violations in the conflict. In a statement by the Saudi-led military coalition published by the Saudi-Arabian news agency SPA on January 31st, it said that a commission of “independent weapons and international human rights experts” would produce a “clear and complete report” with “conclusions to be drawn from it Teachings, Demands and Measures ”on how civilians can be protected. In the declaration of the Saudi Arabian military alliance, no reference was made to the demands made by the UN experts against the UN Security Council on January 27, nor was the composition of its own commission explained in terms of the names or nationalities of the experts.

On February 2, 2016, the International Development Committee , a non-partisan special committee of British MPs, called for an international investigation into the military intervention in Yemen and for the immediate suspension of British arms sales to Saudi Arabia. In a letter to the British Secretary of State for International Development, Justine Greening , the special committee urged Great Britain to withdraw its opposition to an independent international investigation into alleged violations of international humanitarian law in Yemen. The special committee said it was puzzled by the extent to which the UK government had softened the call for an independent investigation, as proposed by the Netherlands in September 2015 before the UN. The committee was "shocked" that the British government could claim that there had been no violations of international humanitarian law and that the British government had increased arms sales to Saudi Arabia since it began its military intervention in Yemen. Even Amnesty International had warned as early as November 2015, remarks by British Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond on investigations about whether delivered from Britain to Saudi Arabia weapons to commit war crimes or other breaches of international humanitarian law in the conflict have been used in Yemen were "in grossly misleading ”.

On February 16, 2016, the UN Special Envoy for the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect declared that after the parties to the conflict had declared their pity for the civilian casualties, they would now “urgently” expect them from the Yemeni authorities and Saudi Arabia To fulfill the obligation to conduct credible and independent investigations into all alleged violations of the law and to prepare reparations for the victims. It was imperative that the international community discussed without delay the most effective means to support this aim, including the possibility of establishing an international independent and impartial mechanism to support liability in Yemen.

On February 25, 2016, the European Parliament (EP) passed a resolution calling for an impartial and independent investigation into all allegations of violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, as well as an EU initiative aimed at countering an arms embargo Impose Saudi Arabia.

Humanitarian aid

2015

Financial needs for Yemen
according to the UN YHRP
(for January 1 to December 31, 2015)

Cluster items	Amount in US $ millions
Food security	805.9
Shelter, NFIs , CCCM	159.4
health	151.8
Protection	125.0
WASH	102.5
nutrition	76.9
early recovery rebuilding	48.5
logistics	39.8
education	30.0
Child Protection	26.9
GBV	10.6
coordination	8.8
ETC	2.1
Total amount	1,600
Cluster requirement for 2015: US $ 757.7 million “critical” requirement. US $ 777.8 million “high priority” requirement Additional (already funded): US $ 65.3 million pre-crisis requirement

Various programs were active in Yemen, but they had to be reorganized to meet the emergency requirements of the situation during the military intervention. The programs included:

• The UN's Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund was designed to provide life support to the most vulnerable people in Yemen, including those hardest hit by the conflict. It should provide medical supplies, water, food and emergency shelter, as well as support for refugees and migrants.
• The Nutrition Program UNICEF should treat from acute severe malnutrition suffering children with the help of health care facilities and mobile clinics.
• The Humanitarian Resilience Program offered by CARE, Save the Children, Oxfam, IOM and OCHA was designed to increase vulnerability in communities by providing food, clean water, emergency livelihood support, shelter and protective measures.

As of May 31, 2015, the Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund ( Yemen HPF or YHPF) had a 2015 budget expectation of $ 299, of which $ 17 million was received and contributions of $ 282 million from the Donor countries had been assured. Despite requests from the West and the UN, Saudi Arabia had not disbursed any funds from the US $ 274 million they had already promised to finance humanitarian aid.

On June 10, 2015, Kuwait announced that it would provide US $ 100 million in government funds to improve the humanitarian situation in Yemen.

In the April to May period, the YHPF made two assignments to provide urgent life-sustaining measures for humanitarian needs in Yemen.

At the beginning of June 2015, 58 UN partner organizations were working in Yemen, including 4 government agencies, 6 UN agencies as well as 24 international and 24 local non-governmental organizations.

The UN increased the estimate for the need for aid and on June 19, 2015, appealed to the “international community” to raise 1.6 billion US dollars in aid, while Saudi Arabia has still not paid in its pledged 540 million dollars by this time would have. On the same day Great Britain announced, in addition to the already committed funds of 15 million British pounds (4 million to the Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund of the UN, 5.5 million to the UNICEF Nutrition Program, 5.5 million to the Humanitarian Resilience Program ) Provide an additional £ 40 million in humanitarian assistance to Yemeni people affected by the ongoing conflict. This means that the UK pledged funds totaled 55 million British pounds, of which at least 45 million were intended to contribute to the UN's humanitarian emergency appeal. The Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP), revised and launched on June 19, with its call for $ 1.6 million aid, identified a priority need of $ 758 million to address the most critical needs. In 2015, donor countries and private organizations had donated around 167 million US dollars, only 10 percent of the total funds of 1.6 billion US dollars required according to the UN.

At the end of June 2015, WHO's measures to counter the humanitarian crisis in Yemen were supported by the UN's Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) with more than 6 million US dollars, the largest financial donation that the CERF had ever received from the WHO send. The money was to be used to deliver essential medicines for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer and high blood pressure. WHO Representative for Yemen, Ahmed F. Shadoul, said that while noncommunicable diseases would not be considered a priority issue among the public during a humanitarian crisis, there was a critical need for them in Yemen and, with the financial contribution of CERF, an opportunity insist on reducing the suffering of hundreds of thousands of people, including half a million children. The unprecedented level of the CERF's contribution reflects the unprecedented extent of the health emergency that existed in Yemen with its health system on the verge of collapse, said Shadoul.

UN humanitarian partner organizations aimed to provide humanitarian aid to 11.7 of the 21 million people in need of humanitarian aid in Yemen in 2015. According to UN figures, 4.4 million people received humanitarian aid from March 26 to the end of June 2015. According to the UN, there was an urgent need for unhindered humanitarian access to protect affected people. At a meeting of the UN authorities convened by UN Emergency Aid Coordinator Stephen O'Brien on July 1, 2015, all UN agencies unanimously agreed to raise the emergency level for Yemen to Level 3 for six months, the highest possible measure for the UN emergency classification. An intermediate examination was planned for September 2015. At this point in time, level 3 only applied to three other countries worldwide (Syria, Iraq and South Sudan; in 2014 also the Central African Republic ), with which the UN put Yemen on a crisis level. The "L3" did not automatically mean that certain processes were set in motion. However, it should make all member states aware that this is a crisis that several UN organizations had to fight at the same time. According to the UN, the declaration of a level 3 emergency enables employees and funds to be mobilized worldwide to increase aid.

Underfunding

UN-OCHA spokesman Jens Laerke told the press on July 7th that the UN aid operations in Yemen were "critically underfunded". The UN received only 13 percent (US $ 249 million) of the US $ 1.6 billion needed for aid to Yemen. Almost a third of the funds received came from the US (US $ 63 million), while Japan had contributed US $ 19 million and the European Commission had contributed US $ 15 million. Laerke warned that the cash available would not last long, that a "massive humanitarian crisis" was clearly playing out.

At the end of July 2015, the media reported that the UN was apparently increasingly overwhelmed by the multitude of trouble spots. Due to the lack of funding for Yemen, the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Aid was again forced to ask for the 1.6 billion US dollars needed for Yemen, of which at this point only 15 percent (241 million dollars) had been applied.

Paid and outstanding contributions to humanitarian programs
inside and outside the UN's Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund (YHPF) 2015
in US dollars (as of September 30, 2015)

Donor state	Total	outside of the YHRP	Yemen 2015 (YHRP)	assured but not paid (with date of assurance)
Saudi Arabia	313.586.084	60,488,196	253.097.888	524,937 (April 2015)
United Arab Emirates	207.787.252	207.634.297	152.955
United States	168,674,541	10,843,529	157.831.012	1,000,000 (September 2015)
United Kingdom	86.264.297	3,149,606	83.114.691	60,441,967 (June and September 2015)
Qatar	59.125.901	59.125.901
CERF	44,307,437		44,307,437
European Union	36,615,262	6,747,788	29,867,474
Germany	35,442,009	3,855,327	31,586,682
Japan	23,400,000	1,050,000	22,350,000	3,500,000 (May 2015)
Sweden	17,826,264	1,574,113	16.252.151
Canada	9,086,372	1,200,961	7,885,411
Denmark	7,471,130	3,270,946	4,200,184	1,506,932 (September 2015)
Switzerland	7,255,026	1,356,834	5,898,192
Netherlands	5,555,720		5,555,720	10,928,962 (September 2015)
Kuwait	5,198,770	5,198,770		96,000,000 (June 2015)
Belgium	4,993,251	3,993,251	1,000,000
Iran	3,959,451		3,959,451
Finland	3,746,026	541.712	3,204,314
Norway	2,965,665	1,719,121	1,246,544	2,442,301 (August 2015)
Ireland	1,271,823		1,271,823
Italy	544,622	544,622
Luxembourg	544,662		544,662
South Korea	500,000	300,000	200,000	500,000 (September 2015)
Spain	218,579		218,579
Czech Republic	118,250		118,250
Iceland	75,000		75,000
Sudan
Egypt
Bahrain
Russia
Other funds	58,108,498		58,108,498
total	1,104,641,932	372.595.014	732.046.918

In August 2015, the humanitarian crisis in Yemen was one of the most underfunded in the world, according to the UN. Only 19 percent of the funds required by the UN for 2015 (298.1 million of 1.6 billion US dollars) for the YHRP had been received by the end of August 2015. An additional US $ 247.8 million was received in contributions to humanitarian programs outside the YHRP, mainly from states or partners in the region. The committed but not yet paid contributions from the regional partners ( KSC in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar Charity in Qatar) amounted to 370 million US dollars, those of the traditional donor countries to 67.6 million US dollars.

As of December 31, 2015, about $ 892 million of the $ 1.6 billion required for 2015 could be hedged. As is customary for the UN's Humanitarian Response plans, the fundraising result for Yemen for 2015 also fell far short of the set target and for 2015 only 56 percent of the 1.6 billion requested by the humanitarian organizations in Yemen were received US dollars made available as donations.

Saudi Arabia's approach

On April 17, the Saudi Arabian government pledged US $ 274 million in aid to Yemen, fulfilling the UN emergency “flash appeal” for humanitarian fundraising less than 24 hours after the UN announced it. But even after more than two months, the promised money was not paid out by Saudi Arabia.

On June 23, 2015, after a meeting of the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center with the UN , Saudi Arabia announced the allocation of aid funds of 274 million US dollars to the UN-affiliated organizations, the payment of which Saudi Arabia canceled in April 2015 Please the UN had promised. According to this, 142.8 million went to the WFP, 31.1 million to the UNHCR, 29.6 million to UNICEF, 22.6 million to the WHO, 8 million to the OCHA, 5.8 million to the FAO, 2.5 Millions promised to UNFPA , 1.7 million to UNDP and US $ 525,000 to OHCHR.

But regardless of the Saudi Arabian announcement, even weeks later, according to the UN-OCHA on July 7th, no payment of the US $ 274 had been received from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia had pledged almost the same amount again for humanitarian aid outside of the UN appeal for donations, but it remained unclear whether any monetary payments had been made. UN-OCHA spokesman Jens Laerke insisted that the UN humanitarian operation for Yemen does not depend on Saudi Arabia's contribution: “The humanitarian operation does not stand and fall with it. It's a $ 1.6 billion operation and there are other donors ". By the end of August 2015, Saudi Arabia had still failed to meet its commitment to take over the US $ 274 million.

The news channel Vice News reported in late June 2015 that, according to aid workers and officials, Saudi Arabia has been pushing for restrictions on how aid should be given since its April 17 payment commitment, including demanding that the funds not be used for territories should be controlled by the Houthi rebels. The correspondent Birgit Cerha also reported that in response to the urgent UN appeal for US $ 274 million to the international community in April 2015 to alleviate the misery, Saudi Arabia announced that it would "immediately take over the full amount" for three months humanitarian support tied to "scandalous conditions for the aid organizations", according to which "only the people in the areas of Yemen approved by Riyadh - exclusively Sunni, Riyadh civilians who are not hostile to them" may be given assistance. Cerha described Saudi Arabia's actions as “sabotage of humanitarian aid for the suffering population” as part of the “Saudi war strategy” to use “hunger as a weapon of war”.

In the fall of 2015, the Saudi Arabian King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center , founded a few months earlier, donated $ 274 million in its first major campaign. In this way, Saudi Arabia covered the total amount for the call for donations made by the UN for Yemen in April 2015, which, however, was later raised by the UN to deal with the humanitarian crisis in Yemen at 1.6 billion had been raised. At the beginning of October 2015, the UN information service IRIN criticized the fact that the Saudi Arabian fundraising campaign could give the impression of an exceptionally charitable gesture from a computational point of view, but taking into account the global political circumstances, one arrives at a completely different perspective. According to estimates by the UN, most of the thousands of civilian deaths and a large part of the damage to civil infrastructure since the bombing of the Saudi-led military coalition began at the end of March 2015 was not due to ground fighting between Houthi rebels and government troops, but to the bombing of the Saudi-led military coalition . The timing of the donation was also extremely sensitive, as the news fell in the middle of the Geneva press conference that new bombings in Yemen on a wedding party had caused at least 130 deaths - including women and children. While the Saudi ambassador to the UN, Faisal Bin Hassan Trad, spoke to his audience in Geneva about the Muslim tradition of helping the poor and needy on the occasion of the fundraising campaign, a UN spokesman for the UNHCR was on the other side of the street at the same time in the UN press center criticized "the disregard for human life shown on all sides". The Saudi financial plan for Yemen, first debated in April 2015, has been the subject of doubt and anger among many sections of the aid community from the start. Some have called him "the misrepresentation" of the aid, others - including Oxfam - have called for humanitarian organizations not to accept Saudi money. For the UN, however, the rejection of funds is a problem, especially since it is confronted with numerous crises worldwide and austerity measures in traditional donor countries and suffers from severe financial shortages.

Western observers took the view that the Saudi royal family repeatedly thwarted efforts to raise aid funds for Yemen by, for example, pledging large funds to Saudi Arabia, but then tying them to conditions.

2016

The 2016 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan was launched on February 18, 2016, calling for US $ 1.8 billion in 2016 aid to address the most critical and priority needs in all provinces of Yemen, such as life sustaining Aid to 13.6 million people affected by conflict, including food aid to nearly 9 million people, water and sanitation assistance for 7.4 million people, urgent health care to 10.6 million people, and emergency interventions to reduce growing and acute malnutrition rates.

2017

Food aid needs up to September 2017 for Yemen , Nigeria , Somalia and South Sudan in comparison (in million euros) Source: WFP, NDR, University of Oxford
894	798	4340
Need for nutritional assistance	Construction costs of the Elbphilharmonie	Cost of the 2016 Summer Olympics

In 2017, the UNHCR blamed the hunger crisis and the threat of "mass death" from starvation in Yemen, among other things, from insufficient financial aid from abroad. The World Food Program estimated the amount of aid needed in Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan and Nigeria by September 2017 to be around one billion US dollars by September 2017 and 2.8 billion US dollars for 2017 as a whole to avert an impending famine. About a fifth of the money was already available. The World Food Program argued that the cost of averting a famine is far less than the cost of fighting a famine. UN General Secretary António Guterres had already warned in February 2017 that “in our world of abundance there is no excuse for doing nothing and indifference”. On April 20, 2017, the Süddeutsche Zeitung compared the costs for the need for food aid for Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia and South Sudan up to September 2017 with the construction costs of the Elbphilharmonie and the costs of the 2016 Summer Olympics . At a United Nations donor conference in Geneva in April 2017, the misery of the civilian population in Yemen was on the agenda. Further aid was requested for the supply and protection of the population. The Secretary General of the United Nations , António Guterres , asked the participating states to pledge a sum of two billion euros. A sum of one billion euros was then approved, which they want to collect by the end of the year. Guterres described the grant as a success. He previously described the situation in Yemen as the greatest hunger crisis in the world.

2020

At a donor conference organized by the UN and Saudi Arabia in early June 2020, pledges totaling 1.35 billion US dollars (1.19 billion euros) were made. In fact, however, only 637 million US dollars (563 million euros) had been transferred by mid-June, said the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aid. According to the High Commissioner for Human Rights , more than 2.4 billion US dollars (2.12 billion euros) will be needed in mid-2020 to maintain 30 of the 41 UN aid programs for Yemen.

Web links

Commons : Operation Decisive Storm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• ReliefWeb / UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) : Yemen (selection of topics; in English).
• Human Rights Watch : Yemen (selection of topics; in English), Yemen (selection of topics; in German).
• International Committee of the Red Cross : Yemen (selection of topics; in English).
• Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) : Yemen (topic page in English).
• Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict : Attacks on Health Care - Yemen (topic page in English).
• OCHA : ENT: Humanitarian Needs Overview 2017 - Yemen (topic page in English).

UN victim statistics and situation reports:

• Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization (WHO EMRO): Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries .
• WHO EMRO: Yemen - Situation reports (English).
• Humanitarian Response - Yemen (English).
• UN-OCHA : Yemen

Videos:

• Democracy Now (video and transcript in English): "From Bad to Worse": Hundreds Dead & 100,000 Displaced as Saudi-Led Strikes Push Yemen to the Brink (27:35 min.), April 7, 2015, conversation with Safa Al Ahmad.
• Vice News : Yemen at War: Sanaa Under Attack, published as: Inside War-Torn Yemen: Sanaa Under Attack (in English; video: 11:57 min.), May 20, 2015, by Yousef Mawry; also published as: Inside War-Torn Yemen: Sanaa Under Attack, YouTube, published by the YouTube channel VICE News on May 20, 2015.
• Vice News : The Siege of Aden, published as: The Siege of Aden (in English; video: 23:59 min.), August 1, 2015, by Medyan Dairieh; also published as: The Siege Of Aden, YouTube, published by YouTube channel VICE News on July 31, 2015.
• يوهانس فان دير كلاو, منسق الأمم المتحدة للشؤون الإنسانية في اليمن (English, with Arabic subtitles), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel UN OCHA on August 26, 2015.

Appeal from the UN Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs in Yemen, Johannes Van der Klaauw

• Newsnight (report by Gabriel Gatehouse, broadcast on BBC Two on September 11, 2015): Yemen's forgotten war (PART ONE) - Newsnight (in English; video: 9:45 min.), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel BBC Newsnight on September 10, 2015; Yemen's forgotten war (PART TWO) - Newsnight (in English; Video: 5:37 min.), Published on the YouTube channel BBC Newsnight on September 11, 2015.
• Saudi-led Airstrikes Kill Hundreds in Yemen (English), published by the YouTube channel HumanRightsWatch on November 27, 2015.

Belkis Wille, Yemen researcher with Human Rights Watch, speaks about the civilian casualties in the US and UK-sponsored Saudi-led air strikes and the HRW investigation of ten apparently unlawful air strikes published on November 26, 2015.

• NDR - Weltbilder : Yemen: A state is collapsing | Worldviews | NDR (5:12 min.), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel ARD on April 27, 2016.

ARD report by Thomas Aders on the effects of the embargo of the Saudi-led military coalition on the supply situation for internally displaced persons bombed by Saudi Arabia. With pictures from the al-Thawrah Hospital.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} 4 facts on Yemen after 9 months of war . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), December 31, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (PDF).
2. ↑ ^{a b} The United Nations in Yemen | United Nations in Yemen. Retrieved June 19, 2020 (English). 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} There is a threat of mass death in Yemen - quick help is needed. Accessed June 19, 2020 (German). 
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} 2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 22, 2015 ( PDF ).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} Yemen’s Children Suffering in Silence: Nearly 10 Million Children Caught Up in a Humanitarian and Protection Crisis (English), reliefweb.int (Save the Children), 24 March 2016 ( original ).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 5 - Issued on 13 November 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 13 November 2015 ( PDF ).
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Yemen Humanitarian Pooled Fund (YHPF) Interim Report 2015 (November 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 17, 2015 ( PDF ).
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} UNICEF Yemen Crisis Humanitarian Situation Report (3 - 17 November 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), 17 November 2015 ( PDF ).
9. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: The True Face Of War (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on Exposure , August 7, 2015, by Charlotte Cans.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Executive brief: Escalating Conflict Yemen - November 27, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (Food and Agriculture Organization), November 27, 2015 ( PDF ).
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Humanitarian Snapshot (November 12, 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 12, 2015 ( PDF ).
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} More than half a million children now risk “severe malnutrition” in Yemen - UNICEF . UN News Service, October 16, 2015 (English).
13. ↑ Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 6 - Issued on November 30, 2015 ( Memento from December 1, 2015 on WebCite ) (English; PDF ( Memento from December 1, 2015 on WebCite )), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ), November 30, 2015, archived from the original - reliefweb.int (PDF) December 1, 2015.
14. ↑ Yemen spiraling into major food crisis - UN expert warns against deliberate starvation of Civilians . UN Human Rights Council, August 11, 2015.
15. ↑ ^{a b c} Stephanie Nebehay: Half a million Yemen children face severe malnutrition: UN reuters.com, October 16, 2015 (English).
16. ↑ ^{a b} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report (21 October - 3 November 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), 3 November 2015 ( PDF .)
17. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Humanitarian Bulletin - Yemen - Issue 2 - 13 September 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (OCHA), 14 September 2015.
18. ↑ ^{a b c} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, May 27 - June 2, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 2, 2015 ( PDF ).
19. ↑ ^{a b c d} Over 500,000 children face malnutrition in Yemen: UNICEF - Additionally, one in four schools in Yemen have been shut down due to the civil war (English), middleeasteye.net, November 17, 2015 (MEE and agencies).
20. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Task Force on Population Movement, 8th Report, April 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), April 5, 2016 ( PDF ).
21. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Yemen: Humanitarian Snapshot (April 12, 2016) [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 12, 2016 ( PDF ).
22. ↑ ^{a b} UNHCR Regional Update - Yemen Situation # 37 (March 2016) (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), March 31, 2016 ( PDF )
23. ↑ ^{a b c} Briefing Note: Despite conflict, refugees continue to arrive by boat in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), October 27, 2015 (Original: unhcr.org ).
24. ↑ ^{a b} Shelter shortages emerging as major concern for Yemen's displaced (English). unhcr.org, April 17, 2015, accessed April 29, 2015.
25. ↑ ^{a b} New Arrivals in Yemen Comparison 2013–2016 (As of 31 March 2016) [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), March 31, 2016 ( PDF ).
26. ↑ ^{a b c d} Press briefing notes on Yemen civilian casualties ( Memento of 15 September 2018 Webcite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, August 10, 2018th
27. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report (June 2018) [EN / AR] ( Memento of 16 September 2018 on Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 30, 2018 ( PDF ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite )
28. ↑ February 2016: Yemen crisis update (English), reliefweb.int (Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development), February 11, 2016 ( original ( memento of March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive )).
29. ↑ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (UN Security Council), February 18, 2016 ( PDF )
30. ↑ Humanitarian Catastrophe Looms in Yemen with Over 3.3 Million Displaced Since Crisis Began ( Memento from April 27, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), April 25, 2017 ( Original ( Memento from April 27 2017 on WebCite ))
31. ↑ Return of the third horseman - Famine menaces 20 m people in Africa and Yemen - War, not drought, is the reason people are starving ( Memento on the April 24, 2017 Webcite ) (English), economist.com, March 30, 2017 .
32. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Food Security Outlook Update, April 2017 ( Memento from May 23, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Famine Early Warning System Network), April 30, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 23, 2017 on WebCite )).
33. ↑ UN warns if no Yemen aid access, world will see largest famine in decades , reuters.com, November 9, 2017, by Michelle Nichols.
34. ↑ Yemen on brink of 'largest famine the world has seen for many decades with millions of victims', UN warns - Over 20 million people embroiled in humanitarian crisis (English), independent.co.uk, November 9, 2017.
35. ↑ More than 8 million Yemenis 'a step away from famine': UN ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ), reuters.com, December 11, 2017.
36. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 30 - 28 January 2018 [EN / AR] ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), January 28, 2018 ( PDF ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite )).
37. ↑ With 22 Million People across Yemen Suffering, $ 2.96 Billion Humanitarian Response Must Be Fully, Rapidly Funded, Secretary-General Tells Pledging Conference ( Memento September 16, 2018 on WebCite ), un.org, press release, SG / SM / 18968-IHA / 1450 (Secretary-General> Statements and Messages), April 3, 2018.
38. ↑ Statement from David Beasley, WFP Executive Director: WFP Chief urges all sides in Yemen to end conflict and support peace ( Memento from September 19, 2018 on WebCite ), reliefweb.int (World Food Program), September 19, 2018 ([url = https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/statement-david-beasley-wfp-executive-director-wfp-chief-urges-all-sides-yemen-end original]).
39. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen’s Houthis say Ramadan humanitarian pause under discussion (English), trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 4, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari and Tom Miles.
40. ↑ Yemen: Medical aid blocked from entering besieged area in Taiz , Médecins Sans Frontières, October 25, 2015.
41. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Saudi Arabia says 375 civilians killed on its border in Yemen war (English), reuters.com, February 1, 2016, by William Maclean and Angus McDowall.
42. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - Conflict (ECHO, UN, EP, Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 29 February 2016) (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), 29 February 2016 ( original ).
43. ^ Yemen war: European parliament recommends arms embargo against Saudi Arabia , de.euronews.com, February 25, 2016. English version: EU parliament urges Saudi arms embargo (English), euronews.com, February 25, 2016.
44. ↑ EU lawmakers urge Saudi arms embargo ( memento of March 2, 2016 on WebCite ) (English), AFP, February 25, 2016.
45. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: highest emergency response level declared for six months , unocha.org, July 1, 2015.
46. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Yemen: Hello Sana'a, can you hear me? - A phone conversation about the forgotten war in Yemen. The situation is just as bad as in Syria. Only the escape is much more difficult. Nobody gives Visa to the Jeminites , zeit.de, October 8, 2015, by Andrea Böhm .
47. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Displaced and forgotten - Little is reported about the war in Yemen. The situation there is as bad as in Syria, says the emergency aid coordinator Tariq Riebl from Oxfam , freitag.de, October 19, 2015, from Pia Rauschenberger.
48. ↑ ^{a b c} Arabia's Forgotten War - The lights go out in Yemen , weser-kurier.de, October 20, 2015, Interview by Steven Geyer with Tariq Riebl.
49. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen war - "Please don't bury me," he said before he died - A six year old boy is seriously injured in a rocket strike in Yemen. Doctors fail to save the boy. It could become a symbol for a forgotten war , welt.de, October 21, 2015 (emk).
50. ↑ ^{a b} Interview on the crisis in Yemen - "Germany also supplies the Saudis with weapons" - A devastating war is raging in Yemen, but in the West it has almost been forgotten. One of the greatest humanitarian catastrophes in the world is raging in the country, warns emergency helper Tariq Riebl in an interview. And calls for more commitment from Germany , Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, October 18, 2015, Interview by Steven Geyer with Tariq Riebl.
51. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Yemen’s Old City of Sana'a and Old Walled City of Shibam added to List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO World Heritage Center, July 2nd, 2015.
52. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Unesco complains about serious damage to Yemen's cultural heritage , derstandard.at, May 12, 2015.
53. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} UNESCO Director-General calls on all parties to protect Yemen's cultural heritage (English). UNESCO World Heritage Convention, May 12, 2015.
54. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} History a casualty in Yemen's war as bombs smash ancient sites (English). reuters.com, May 13, 2015, by Noah Browning and Mohammed Ghobari.
55. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: UN reports uptick in civilian deaths as fighting in country continues (English). UN News Center, June 16, 2015.
56. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Task Force on Population Movement, 6th Report, 10 December 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), 10 December 2015 ( PDF ).
57. ↑ ^{a b c} Regional refugee and Migrant Response: Impact of the Yemen Crisis, December 15, 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees), December 15, 2015 ( PDF ).
58. ↑ ^{a b} UN: Most Attacks on Yemen Civilians From Saudi-Led Coalition (English), nytimes.com, December 22, 2015 (AP).
59. ↑ ^{a b c} World at a turning point: Heads of UN and Red Cross issue joint warning (English), International Committee of the Red Cross, United Nations, October 31, 2015 ( PDF ).
60. ↑ ^{a b c} Appeal to the global community - UN and Red Cross demand more protection from global violence - Seldom has there been so much suffering, but politics does nothing. The United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross have appealed to the world community. You see the world at the turning point , ksta.de, October 31, 2015 (afp, dpa).
61. ↑ ^{a b} Off-the-Cuff - Transcript of the Secretary-General's press encounter with the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross Scroll down for Q&A , un.org (Source: UN News Service Country: Afghanistan, Syrian Arab Republic, World, Yemen), October 31, 2015.
62. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Human Rights Watch: What Military Target Was in My Brother's House - Unlawful Coalition Airstrikes in Yemen , November 26, 2015 ( PDF download ).
63. ↑ ^{a b} Human rights activists condemn air strikes in Yemen , Tiroler Tageszeitung Online, November 27, 2015 (APA / dpa).
64. ↑ ^{a b c} Human Rights Watch: Dispatches: Special UN Treatment for Saudi-led Coalition in Yemen? (English), December 22, 2015, by Amy Herrmann.
65. ↑ ^{a b} UN: Most Attacks on Yemen Civilians From Saudi-Led Coalition (English), nytimes.com, December 22, 2015 (AP).
66. ↑ HRW urges halt to US bomb sales to Saudi over Yemen , The Express Tribune with the International New York Times, November 19, 2015 (AFP).
67. ↑ Amnesty queries $ 1.3bn US bombs deal with Saudi Arabia - Rights group says some bomb types in proposed arms sale have previously been used in unlawful strikes in Yemen , aljazeera.com, November 17, 2015.
68. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: Call for suspension of arms transfers to coalition and accountability for war crimes , October 7, 2015.
69. ↑ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch: US: Reject Bomb Sales to Saudi Arabia - Coalition Failure to Investigate Civilian Deaths in Airstrikes on Yemen , November 18, 2015.
70. ↑ Troubling Questions Are Being Asked About the US Role in Yemen , news.vice.com, November 27, 2015, by Samuel Oakford.
71. ↑ 2015 The Year In Review - This Was the Year Yemen Was Destroyed , December 30, 2015, by Samuel Oakford.
72. ↑ With parties 'deeply divided over path to peace,' Yemen faces Balkanization, Security Council warned (English), UN News Center, December 22, 2015.
73. ↑ Statement by the High Commissioner for Human Rights to the United Nations Security Council , ohchr.org, December 22, 2015.
74. ↑ UN criticizes Saudi Arabia's military operation in Yemen , de.euronews.com, December 22, 2015.
75. ^ Yemen - UN criticizes Saudi Arabia's military operation , nzz.ch, December 22, 2015 (Reuters).
76. ↑ UN criticizes Saudi Arabia's military operation in Yemen , derstandard.at, December 22, 2015 (APA / Reuters).
77. ↑ Yemen - UN criticizes Saudi Arabia's military operation ( Memento from December 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), deutschlandfunk.de, December 22, 2015.
78. ↑ ^{a b c} Saudi-Led War in Yemen Frays Ties With the US , The New York Times, December 22, 2015, by Somini Sengupta.
79. ↑ UN blames Saudi-led coalition for most attacks on Yemeni civilians (English), uk.reuters.com, December 22, 2015, by Michelle Nichols.
80. ↑ ^{a b} UN condemns Yemen's expulsion of UN human rights official (English), AP, January 7, 2016.
81. ↑ Yemen to expel UN human rights envoy - Yemen's foreign ministry declared the UN's human rights representative "persona non grata" on Thursday, in a move condemned by the UN secretary-general. (English), The New Arab, January 8, 2016.
82. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen wants to expel UN human rights envoy - criticism Bans , blick.ch, January 8, 2016 (SDA).
83. ^ ^{A b} Secretary-General Condemns Government of Yemen for Expelling United Nations Human Rights Representative, Says Move Could Impede Return to Stability (English), reliefweb.int (UN Secretary-General), SG / SM / 17445-HR / 5287, press release , January 7, 2016 ( original ). Also: Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen , un.org, January 7, 2016.
84. ^ Yemen: Ban condemns expulsion of UN rights official; 'extremely concerned' for staff , UN News Center, January 7, 2016.
85. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 9 - Issued on March 1, 2016 , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), March 1, 2016 ( PDF ).
86. ↑ Djibouti: Yemeni Refugees Emergency Plan of Action Operation update n ° 1 (MDRDJ002) (English), reliefweb.int (International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies), July 9, 2015 ( PDF ).
87. ↑ ^{a b c} ICRC: Yemen Facing Catastrophic Situation (English). Voice Of America, July 7th, 2015 by Lisa Schlein.
88. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Yemen Death Toll Continues to Mount (English). Voice Of America, May 22, 2015 by Lisa Schlein.
89. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 11 (as of 10 June 2015) (English). /reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 10, 2015. PDF (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 10, 2015.
90. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Yemen: Rapid Increase in Casualties, Displacement and Scale of Destruction Flash Update 38 - 4 June 2015 (1000hrs) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 4th 2015 ( PDF ).
91. ↑ ^{a b} Task Force on Population Movements Dashboard (as of 5 August 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), 5 August 2015 ( PDF ) .
92. ↑ ^{a b} UN Security Council should seize opportunity to restart Yemen peace process (English), reliefweb.int (Danish Refugee Council, War Child UK, Norwegian Refugee Council, CARE, Handicap International, Action Contre la Faim, Oxfam, Relief International, Save the Children, Progressio, Global Communities), October 19, 2015 ( original on nrc.no ).
93. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict: sick and wounded left to suffer as health system buckles - Doctors forced to turn away patients as airstrikes compound acute shortage of medication, supplies and staff (English), theguardian.com, October 23, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli for IRIN, part of the Guardian development network.
94. ↑ ^{a b} Open Letter to the UN Security Council (PDF; English), oxfam.de, October 19, 2015.
95. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Aid organizations demand restart of the peace process , oxfam.de, October 19, 2015.
96. ↑ ^{a b c d e} IASC Operational Peer Review - Response to the Yemen Crisis Final Report, 26 January 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 26 January 2016
97. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen is sliding into humanitarian catastrophe , derstandard.at, April 12, 2015 (print version: Der Standard, April 13, 2015), by Astrid Frefel.
98. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: “A war with various conflicts and actors” , Swiss Radio and Television (SRF), April 13, 2015, interview by Roman Fillinger with Cédric Schweizer.
99. ↑ Nuclear deal - Saudi King transfers Obama , Handelsblatt, May 11, 2015.
100. ↑ ^{a b c d} UN pushes Saudi coalition to allow ships into Yemen (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 25, 2015.
101. ↑ Prospects look dim for Yemeni peace talks (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), June 12, 2015, by Sami Aboudi.
102. ↑ ^{a b} Over 20 million in war-torn Yemen need humanitarian aid - UNICEF (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), June 11, 2015, by Noah Browning and Mohammed Mukhashaf.
103. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Yemen crisis: UN CERF releases urgently needed funds to WHO for life-saving medicines (English), who.int, June 26, 2015.
104. ↑ ^{a b c d e} R2P Monitor (English; PDF), Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect Country, R2P Monitor, Issue 21, May 15, 2015, pp. 18f.
105. ↑ Annual report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict (A / HRC / 31/19) [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Human Rights Council), December 28, 2015 ( PDF ). Original: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/31/19&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC .
106. ↑ ^{a b} Gulf of Aden- Iran sends warships to Yemen , welt.de, April 8, 2015.
107. ↑ civil war - Yemen is against Saudi ground forces , fr.de, April 16, 2015.
108. ↑ Yemen: Reduced Imports Worsen Crisis (as of 23 June 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 23 June 2015 ( PDF ).
109. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: New Analysis Shows Deepening Food Crisis - Crisis Update 40 - 17 June 2015 (1000hrs) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 17, 2015 ( PDF ).
110. ↑ Yemen crisis “beyond aid system's ability to cope” - MSF (English). Thomson Reuters Foundation, June 17, 2015, by Alex Whiting.
111. ↑ ^{a b c} After Saudi intervention - Yemen is threatened with disintegration . Der Tagesspiegel, June 19, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.
112. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Shanta Devarajan, Lili Mottaghi: The Economic Effects of War and Peace (English), Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Quarterly Economic Brief , International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Issue 6, Washington, DC., January 2016, doi: 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0822-7 , ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0822- 7 ( PDF ).
113. ↑ «Air strikes and shell fire are part of everyday life» - A bloody conflict rages in Yemen. But there is hardly any reliable information about it. Jamie McGoldrick from the UN was there and reported , on Tagesanzeiger.ch, January 24, 2016, from Paul-Anton Krüger.
114. ↑ Four million people without help in Yemen - NGOs report attacks on hospitals: " Warring parties do not recognize the protected status of hospitals" , neue-deutschland.de, January 25, 2016 (dpa / nd).
115. ↑ Yemen - Trapped Between the Fronts - In Yemen, aid organizations cannot reach four out of eleven million people in need, sueddeutsche.de, January 24, 2016, by Paul-Anton Krüger.
116. ↑ ^{a b} War in Yemen - No help possible - After months of fighting between rival groups, the United Nations and other aid organizations are warning of a humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen. In the port city of Aden, some residential areas resemble a war zone , nwzonline.de, May 6, 2015.
117. ↑ A grave situation in Sa'ada: needs mount as access remains restricted ( Memento from August 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED), August 10, 2015.
118. ↑ Yemen: "I Have Never Seen Such Destruction" ( Memento from August 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (English), Médecins Sans Frontières, January 27, 2016, by Michael Seawright.
119. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Another MSF-supported hospital bombed - Update - As of 11 January, the death toll has risen to five ( Memento of 11 January 2016 Webcite ) (English), msf.org, January 10, 2016 (Update : January 11, 2016). Cf. MSF Supported Hospital Bombed in Northern Yemen - Update January 11, 2016 ( Memento of 28 January 2016 on Webcite ) (English), MSF, January 10, 2016 (update of 11 January 2016). Cf. MSF-supported hospital bombed in Yemen: death toll rises to six (English), msf.org, January 10, 2016 (update: January 17, 2016).
120. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - Yemen's President has returned to Aden from exile , blick.ch, November 17, 2015 (SDA).
121. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen before the collapse: “We are now in the deepest abyss of the catastrophe” , de.euronews.com, November 13, 2015.
122. ^ Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O'Brien - Statement on Yemen [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 24, 2015
123. ↑ Armistice announced - Saudi Arabia's futile war in Yemen - The Saudi war against the Houthi has run aground. The Houthis strike back and the jihadists spread , nzz.ch, December 9, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff.
124. ↑ Al Qaeda's Hadramawt emirate (English), brookings.edu, July 12, 2015, by Bruce Riedel.
125. ^ Conflict in Yemen - Der Stellvertreter-Krieg , tagesspiegel.de, January 8, 2016, by Christian Böhme and Nils Wischmeyer.
126. ↑ Cluster bombs and blockade - Saudi Arabia starves Yemen, but lets supplies for al-Qaida through , jungewelt.de, May 5, 2015, by Knut Mellenthin.
127. ^ Voices of Yemen: Al Mukalla City, Hadhramout Governorate (English). reliefweb.int (UN Development Program), June 26, 2015 ( PDF ); ye.undp.org Original publication : http://www.ye.undp.org/content/dam/yemen/PovRed/Docs/voices%20of%20Yemen%20%20Hadhramout.pdf
128. ↑ ^{a b c} Statement to the Press: Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes van der Klauuw (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 18, 2015 ( PDF ).
129. ^ Evacuation - Germans rescued from Hell in Yemen , bild.de, April 17, 2015.
130. ↑ ^{a b} Health 'time-bomb' as Yemen runs dry (English), IRIN, August 4, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli.
131. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: UN condemns sea blockade . derstandard.at, June 25, 2015.
132. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 14 (as of 6 July 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 6 July 2015 ( PDF ).
133. ↑ Yemen, Water, Conflict and Cholera ( Memento from May 25, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Center for International Governance Innovation), interview with Jacqueline Lopour, May 24, 2017, ( original ( Memento from 25. May 2017 on WebCite )).
134. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Yemen: 2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview [EN / AR] . ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen), November 23, 2016 ( PDF ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) ). Original: Yemen: 2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen, November 2016.
135. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Crisis Situation Report No. 10 (as of 3 June 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 5, 2015 ( PDF ).
136. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Yemen: Humanitarian Catastrophe Situation Report No. 13 (30 June 2015) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 30, 2015 ( PDF ).
137. ^ Yemen Socio-Economic Update No. (5) Jul 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (Government of Yemen), August 16, 2015 PDF .
138. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Yemen: Humanitarian Catastrophe Situation Report No. 12 (22 June 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 22 June 2015 ( PDF ).
139. ↑ Yemen: The struggle for survival intensifies as the conflict rages on , European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office, August 27, 2015, by Daniela D'Urso.
140. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - No Water , sueddeutsche.de, May 26, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.
141. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Situation Report No. 8 (as of 22 May 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 22 May 2015 ( PDF ).
142. ↑ ^{a b c} Two-thirds of people in conflict hit Yemen without clean water - Oxfam (English). reliefweb.int (Oxfam), May 26, 2015.
143. ↑ After 2 months of bombardment - 16 million people in Yemen without drinking water , blick.ch, May 26, 2015.
144. ↑ ^{a b} In Yemen's grinding war, if the bombs don't get you, the water shortages will (English), July 23, 2015, by Ali al-Mujahed and Hugh Naylor.
145. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: 16 million without clean water , Swiss radio and television, May 26, 2015.
146. ↑ ^{a b c} Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O'Brien Statement to the Security Council on Yemen, New York, February 16, 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), February 16, 2016 ( PDF ).
147. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin No 1 - 27 August 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 27 August 2015 ( PDF ).
148. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan - More ammunition than food - A humanitarian catastrophe looms in Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia and South Sudan. The crises are man-made: wars are fed, people starve ( memento from April 23, 2017 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, April 20, 2017, by Simon Conrad (text), Christian Endt (graphics) and Laura Terberl (video).
149. ↑ ^{a b c} Conflict in Yemen - The Tolerated War - The air strikes in Yemen, which are supposed to bring a controversial president back to power and put the regional power Iran in their place, now last six months , nzz.ch, September 28, 2015, by Daniel Steinvorth.
150. ↑ ^{a b} Fighting in Yemen continues to take toll on civilians, with 20 million needing urgent assistance - UN (English). UN News Center, June 8, 2015.
151. ↑ ^{a b c} World - Events - ECHO Daily Map - 18/6/2015 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid department), June 18, 2015 ( PDF ).
152. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen - Indicative IPC Acute Food Insecurity Situation Overview - June 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (Food and Agriculture Organization, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification), June 18, 2015 ( PDF ).
153. ↑ ^{a b c} New Study Finds Millions of People in Yemen Slipping into Hunger (English), wfp.org, June 17, 2015.
154. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen facing serious food insecurity as conflict deteriorates, new UN study finds (English), UN News Center, June 18, 2015.
155. ↑ UN launches new aid appeal as Yemen faces 'looming humanitarian catastrophe' , UN News Center, June 19, 2015.
156. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Justine Greening: Food crisis in Yemen could kill millions (English), Department for International Development and The Rt Hon Justine Greening MP, June 19, 2015.
157. ↑ Before Starving - Humanitarian Catastrophe caused by the War in Yemen , jungewelt.de, July 30, 2015, by Gerrit Hoekman.
158. ↑ ^{a b c} Blockade and violence in Yemen pushing an additional 25,000 people into hunger daily (English), oxfam.de, July 28, 2015.
159. ^ Civil War - Around half of the population in Yemen is threatened with hunger , zeit.de, July 28, 2015 (Zeit Online, kna, tsch).
160. ↑ ^{a b c} “Every Day Things are Getting Worse”: The impact on children of attacks on health care in Yemen [EN / AR] ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, Save the Children), April 20, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite )). Original: “Every Day Things are Getting Worse” - The impact on children of attacks on health care in Yemen ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) , Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, Save the Children, April 2017.
161. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Yemen: Health system threatens collapse due to war - sick people rejected from clinics , ipsnews.de, October 20, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli.
162. ↑ ^{a b c} Operation in Yemen: Saudi Arabia declares air strikes over , Spiegel Online, April 21, 2015.
163. ↑ UNICEF: 115 children killed in Yemen hostilities (English). Deutsche Welle, April 24, 2015.
164. ↑ ^{a b c} Health system in Yemen close to collapse (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), October 13, 2015 ( PDF ).
165. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen's health system before the collapse , Deutsche Welle, April 21, 2015.
166. ↑ ^{a b c d} Medical Need Climbs Alongside Death Toll in Yemen (English). nytimes.com, May 27, 2015, by Mohammed Ali Kalfood and Kareem Fahim.
167. ↑ Oxfam Yemen response situation report External Sitrep 2, 9th June 2015 (English). Oxfam, June 9, 2015 ( PDF ).
168. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Public Health Crisis Escalates Flash Update 39 - 14 June 2015 (1000hrs) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 14, 2015.
169. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Yemen conflict: WHO and partners strive to prevent collapse of Yemen's health system (English), WHO EMRO, June 19, 2015, accessed on June 22, 2015.
170. ↑ Yemen Crisis: Reported Violation Against Health Sector Due to Conflict, October 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), October 31, 2015 ( PDF ).
171. ↑ ^{a b c d} Oxfam: Lack of fuel could soon cause more deaths than ongoing violence in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (Oxfam), July 14, 2015. Original publication: Lack of fuel could soon cause more deaths than ongoing violence in Yemen: Oxfam , oxfam.org, July 14, 2015.
172. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Crisis Situation Report No. 9 (as of 29 May 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 29 May 2015 ( PDF ). Original publication : Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Crisis Situation Report No. 9 (as of 29 May 2015) , humanitarianresponse.info, 29 May 2015.
173. ↑ No End Near to Yemen Conflict, Analysts Say (English). Voice Of America, April 24, 2015 by Heather Murdock.
174. ↑ ^{a b} Largest children's clinic in Yemen before closure , afp.com, August 31, 2015.
175. ↑ ^{a b} Key Yemen Hospital On the Brink of Closure as Airstrikes Intensify On Sana'a (English), Save the Children, August 30, 2015.
176. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen 'on Brink of Disaster' as Medical Shortages Soar , voanews.com, September 2, 2015, by Henry Ridgwell. Cf .: Yemen 'on Brink of Disaster' as Medical Shortages Soar (English), voanews.com, September 2, 2015, by Henry Ridgwell.
177. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Air Raids Continue, Haydan "Flattened" After Hospital is Destroyed ( Memento from February 22, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (English), Médecins Sans Frontières, November 13, 2015, by Miriam Czech. German version: Yemen “The air raids continued - ten to fifteen almost every day” , Médecins Sans Frontières, November 13, 2015, by Miriam Czech.
178. ↑ UN General Secretary condemns air strike on clinic in Yemen. Die Welt, October 28, 2015, accessed November 2, 2015 . 
179. ↑ ^{a b} Video shows the bombed hospital by “Doctors Without Borders” in Yemen ( memento from November 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), suedtirolnews.it, October 30, 2015.
180. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict: MSF rejects Saudi Arabia denial over bombing of civilian hospital - A Saudi-led coalition are fighting to support the Yemeni authorities who have lost control of vast areas of the country to Houthi rebels (English), independent.co. uk, October 29, 2015, by Alistair Dawber.
181. ↑ UN: Near 2,700 killed in Saudi aggression against Yemen in 7 months , en.abna24.com, October 27, 2015 (Ahlul Bayt News Agency).
182. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: Bombing of MSF hospital may amount to a war crime (English), October 27, 2015.
183. ↑ Smuggling oxygen on a camel into a besieged city in Yemen (English), IRIN, January 19, 2016, by Nasser Al-Sakkaf ( full report ).
184. ↑ Yemen: Air strikes on hospitals (English), diepresse.com, January 19, 2016 Print edition: “Die Presse”, January 20, 2016, by Karim El-Gawhary.
185. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen’s children at immediate risk of severe malnutrition as fighting continues - UNICEF (English). UN News Center, May 8, 2015.
186. ↑ ^{a b} Millions of Children in War-Torn Yemen at Risk of Disease and Malnutrition: UNICEF [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 30, 2015.
187. ↑ ^{a b c d} Thousands of dead, famine - Yemen is on the verge of collapse , n-tv.de, July 28, 2015.
188. ↑ War in Yemen: USA supplies wheat for starving population , spiegel.de, August 1, 2015.
189. ↑ Oxfam emergencies updates: 4 July to 28 July 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (Oxfam), 28 July 2015 ( PDF ).
190. ↑ UNICEF: Conditions Deteriorating for Children in Yemen , voanews.com, October 2, 2015, by Lisa Schlein.
191. ↑ ^{a b} Unicef: 500,000 children in Yemen are threatened with serious malnutrition ( memento from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), zeit.de, November 18, 2015 (AFP).
192. ↑ ^{a b} Unicef ​​complains of malnutrition among 500,000 children - Because of the fighting in Yemen, numerous children are suffering from hunger ( memento from November 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), deutschlandfunk.de, November 18, 2015.
193. ↑ ^{a b} Unicef ​​sounds the alarm - Yemen's children are hungry , n-tv.de, November 18, 2015 (n-tv.de, jve / AFP).
194. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Well over a million children malnourished because of the fighting , de.euronews.com, February 10, 2016.
195. ↑ According to the aid organization: The situation in Yemen is deteriorating , oe24.at, March 3, 2016.
196. ↑ Yemen: UN accuses Saudi alliance of attacks on civilian targets - both warring parties bombed hospitals and markets, criticize the UN. A resolution is now being prepared in the Security Council , zeit.de, March 4, 2016 (ZEIT ONLINE; AFP, AP, dpa, spo, vvö).
197. ↑ Starving to death - Wars in four countries have left 20 million people on the brink ( Memento from April 23, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), washingtonpost.com, April 11, 2017, by Max Bearak and Laris Karklis.
198. ↑ ^{a b} Africa and Yemen - famine threatens more people than ever before since the Second World War ( memento from April 23, 2017 on WebCite ) , mobil.stern.de, April 12, 2017.
199. ↑ > who helped feed 450,000 children under the age of five until the closure ._2015.pdf Yemen conflict - Situation report number 8 - 18 May - 7 June 2015 (PDF, English). WHO EMRO, [undated].
200. ↑ At least 3,000 suspected Dengue fever cases reported in Yemen - UN health agency , UN News Center, June 23, 2015.
201. ↑ Yemen Weekly Epidemiological Bulletin Volume 8 Issue 25 Sunday 21 June 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), June 21, 2015 ( PDF ).
202. ↑ ^{a b c} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report (March 2017) ( Memento from April 29, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), March 31, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from April 29, 2017 on WebCite )).
203. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen records 51 cholera deaths in two weeks ( memento from May 15, 2017 on WebCite ) , aerzteblatt.de, May 12, 2017.
204. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Cholera Outbreak Situation Report No. 1 (as of 13 October 2016) ( Memento from 16 May 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 13 October 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from 16 May 2017 on WebCite )).
205. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Regular Press Briefing by the Information Service, May 19, 2017 - Yemen ( Memento of May 21, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Department of Public Information), 19 May 2017 ( Original ( Memento from May 21, 2017 on WebCite )).
206. ↑ ^{a b c d} Cholera outbreak in war-torn Yemen spreading at 'unprecedented' speed, UN warns ( Memento from May 20, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN News Service), May 19, 2017 ( original ( Memento from May 20, 2017 on WebCite ).
207. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Falling through the cracks - the children of Yemen ( Memento from April 25, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), March 26, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from April 25 2017 on WebCite )).
208. ↑ CARE ahead of donor conference for Yemen: Land faces collapse / Almost 19 million people need help / German interview partner available ( memento from April 26, 2017 on WebCite ) , finanznachrichten.de, April 21, 2017 (OTS).
209. ↑ Yemen Humanitarian Response Situation Report, March 2017 ( Memento from April 27, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Save the Children), March 31, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from April 27, 2017 on WebCite )).
210. ↑ Yemen: Acute Watery Diarrhea / Cholera Outbreak - Situation Report (April 27 - May 9, 2017) ( Memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund, WASH Cluster, Health Cluster), May 9, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento of May 16, 2017 on WebCite )).
211. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Cholera out of control in Yemen ( Memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 15, 2017, by Paul-Anton Krüger.
212. ↑ ^{a b} Humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen - First the bombs, then cholera - Cholera is spreading in Yemen. More than a hundred people are said to have died of the disease in just two weeks ( memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) , taz.de, May 15, 2017, by Jannis Hagmann.
213. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Acute Watery Diarrhea / Cholera Outbreak - Situation Report # 2 (9 - 14 May 2017) ( Memento from May 17, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization, UN Children's Fund, WASH Cluster, Health Cluster), May 14, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 17, 2017 on WebCite )).
214. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen - Recent Cholera Cases, Food Insecurity and Population Displacement - DG ECHO Daily Map - 05/17/2017 ( Memento of 17 May 2017 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations), May 17, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento of May 17, 2017 on WebCite )).
215. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} ACAPS Briefing Note - Yemen: Cholera Outbreak, 18 May 2017 ( Memento of 19 May 2017 on Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Assessment Capacities Project), May 18, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 19, 2017 on WebCite )).
216. ↑ Cholera victims are increasing - Yemen declares the state of emergency in Sanaa ( Memento from May 15, 2017 on WebCite ) , handelsblatt.com, May 14, 2017 (Reuters).
217. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen declares state of emergency in Sanaa over cholera ( Memento from May 15, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), Reuters - Thomson Reuters Foundation, May 14, 2017, by Ali Abdelatti Writing, Aziz El Yaakoubi and Louise Ireland.
218. ↑ Cholera outbreak in Yemen - Authorities declare a state of emergency - In Yemen, a country with civil war, cholera continues to spread rapidly - within a few days the number of cholera deaths tripled. There are now 116 victims. Now the authorities in Sanaa have declared a state of emergency ( memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 15, 2017.
219. ↑ Cholera Outbreak Kills at Least 180 in Yemen ( Memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), f voanews.com, May 15, 2017.
220. ↑ Yemen's Dire Humanitarian Crisis Threatened by Deadly Cholera Outbreak ( Memento May 17, 2017 on WebCite ), care.org.au, May 16, 2017, by Nerida William.
221. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen - Cholera outbreak (DG ECHO, UNICEF) (ECHO Daily Flash of 18 May 2017) ( Memento on 19 May 2017 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission's Directorate-General for Civil Protection European and Humanitarian Aid Operations), May 18, 2017 ( Original ( Memento from May 19, 2017 on WebCite )).
222. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen, ^{a country of} civil war - the cholera outbreak is taking on alarming proportions - Yemen is sinking into the chaos of civil war. In addition to bombing, raids and the fear of death, there is now cholera. It is spreading very quickly. There is a lack of help ( memento from May 20, 2017 on WebCite ) , t-online.de, May 19, 2017 (dpa).
223. ↑ Half a Million People in Yemen Had Cholera in 2017. That's the Worst Outbreak Ever Recorded in a Single Year ( Memento from February 2, 2019 on WebCite ) (English), August 15, 2017, by Feliz Solomon.
224. ↑ Oxfam: Cholera epidemic in Yemen 'worst in history' , english.alarabiya.net, September 29, 2017.
225. ↑ 1000 days of war pushes Yemen ever closer to famine while cholera outbreak hits 1 million suspected cases ( Memento from February 2, 2019 on WebCite ), oxfamamerica.org, December 20, 2017.
226. ↑ Cholera epidemic in Yemen is slowing down ( memento from February 2, 2019 on WebCite ), Ärzte Zeitung online (aerztezeitung.de), December 22, 2017.
227. ↑ Yemen: Health and education on the brink of collapse (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 19, 2015 ( PDF ).
228. ↑ Highlights Of The Noon Briefing By Stephane Dujarric, Spokesperson For Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon - Thursday, November 19, 2015 (English), un.org, November 19, 2015.
229. ↑ Senior UN relief official warns health and education systems in war-torn Yemen 'near collapse' (English), UN News Center, November 19, 2015.
230. ↑ Education under fire - How conflict is driving children out of school across the Middle East ( Memento from September 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English; PDF), UNICEF, September 3, 2015.
231. ↑ Yemen Conflict: Child Killed and 48 Injured following Huge Military Explosion in Sana'a Residential Area . Save the Children, April 21, 2015.
232. ↑ ^{a b} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, 13 - 19 May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), 19 May 2015 ( PDF ).
233. ↑ ^{a b c} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, June 10 - June 16, 2015 (English). reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 16, 2015 ( PDF ).
234. ↑ ^{a b c} UN: Yemen's Children Losing Out on Education, Future (English). VOA News, July 24, 2015, by Lisa Schlein.
235. ^ Yemen: Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 15 (as of 13 July 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 13 July 2015 ( PDF ).
236. ↑ ^{a b} Surrounded by war, Yemen's students suffer ( Memento from November 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English), al-monitor.com, November 20, 2015, by Ashraf al-Falahi.
237. ↑ ^{a b c} Syria, Libya, Yemen, Iraq - The costs of the war - Destroyed hospitals, bombed-out power plants, refugee accommodation in schools: The wars in the Middle East not only cause people to flee and displaced, they also devastate the economies of the countries. The World Bank is reducing its growth estimate for the Middle East / North Africa region , fr.de, February 5, 2016, by Stephan Kaufmann
238. ↑ By the Numbers: The Cost of War & Peace in the Middle East , worldbank.org, February 4, 2016.
239. ↑ ^{a b} Anger Burns in Bombed Yemen Villages ( Memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, November 2, 2015, by Heather Murdock and Almigdad Mojalli. Cf .: Anger Burns in Bombed Yemen Villages ( Memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, November 2, 2015, by Heather Murdock.
240. ↑ Factories, jobs destroyed in Yemen War ( Memento of 11 December 2015 Webcite ) (English) VOA News, December 10, 2015 by Heather Murdock and Almigdad Mojalli. Cf. Factories, jobs destroyed in Yemen War ( Memento of 11 December 2015 Webcite ) (English), VOA News, December 10, 2015 by Heather Murdock.
241. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict death toll nears 650, with UN rights office spotlighting plight of 3 million disabled (English). UN News Center, May 5, 2015.
242. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing notes on Yemen, Serbia, Honduras and Albinism website launch (English). United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - Country: Yemen (OHCHR), May 5, 2015, by Ravina Shamdasani.
243. ↑ Saudis pound arms depots in Yemen as bread, medicine run short (English), Reuters US, April 27, 2015.
244. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Destruction of airports endangers vital aid , aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de, May 5, 2015.
245. ^ Riyadh: Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabian soil - apparently dozens of dead in battles , welt.de, May 1, 2015.
246. ↑ UN chief Ban worried about ongoing fighting in Yemen , orf.at, May 1, 2015.
247. ↑ Dozens of dead in fighting in Yemen. Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 29, 2011, accessed on August 3, 2020 .  .
248. ↑ Ban calls for civilian protection in Yemen, urges ceasefire as fuel shortages hamper relief efforts . un.org, April 30, 2015.
249. ↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on the humanitarian crisis in Yemen (English). un.org, April 30, 2015.
250. ↑ UN prepare airlift in Yemen , de.reuters.com, May 5, 2015.
251. ↑ ^{a b} Satellite Images of Yemen Indicate level of destruction and implication for Recovery ( Memento of 13 July 2015, Internet Archive ) (English), UN Development Program in Yemen, June 21, 2015.
252. ^ War in Yemen - UN peace conference postponed , nzz.ch, May 25, 2015.
253. ↑ ^{a b} Rapid assessments in Yemen find desperate situation for displaced civilians (English). unhcr.org, May 19, 2015, accessed May 19, 2015.
254. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict - Situation report number 9. 8 - 26 JUNE 2015 . (PDF) WHO EMRO [undated] (English) accessed on July 8, 2015.
255. ↑ ^{a b c} 'Op Rahat' in Yemen - Update as on 12 Apr 15: - (English), Indian Navy, April 12, 2015.
256. ↑ ^{a b c d} Conflict in Yemen - Political solution seems possible - The fronts in Yemen have cleared in the last few days. A permanent solution might be possible, but Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are pursuing different goals , nzz.ch, August 20, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff.
257. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen air raids condemned as blast hits governor office ( Memento of 21 August 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), August 20, 2015.
258. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Status of infrastructure and access roads (as of 11 June 2015) . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 11, 2015 (English). reliefweb.int (PDF); Original download : humanitarianresponse.info reliefweb.int ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF).
259. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: 23 heritage sites destroyed by Saudi airstrikes (English), International Business Times, November 21, 2015, by Fiona Keating.
260. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} The Destruction of Yemeni Cultural Heritage - Threatened Treasures of Humanity , de.qantara.de, June 18, 2015, by Amida Sholan (translation from the Arabic by Günther Orth).
261. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen expert: "We have to change our laws" - Iris Gerlach from the German Archaeological Institute speaks about looting, destruction and rescue attempts in war-torn Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2016 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 5, 2016, Interview by Stefan Binder with Iris Gerlach.
262. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: UNESCO deplores destruction of Sana'a heritage site bearing 'soul of Yemeni people' (English). UN News Center, June 12, 2015.
263. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} The world may be ignoring the destruction of cultural treasures in Yemen (English), washingtonpost.com, June 5, 2015, by Adam Taylor.
264. ↑ ^{a b c d} The Agony of Saada - US and Saudi Bombs Target Yemen's Ancient Heritage (English), The Intercept, November 16, 2015, by Iona Craig.
265. ↑ ^{a b} Consequences of the Civil War - UNSESCO World Heritage Site from Yemen on the Red List , n-tv.de, July 2, 2015.
266. ↑ Yemen / Egypt / Tunisia - Whether in Yemen, Egypt or Tunisia: Violence drives the vacationers away , swp.de, July 17, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.
267. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Cultural heritage destroyed - Saudi Arabia behaves like IS in Yemen , welt.de, June 12, 2015, by Dietrich Alexander.
268. ↑ It's been done before, it can be done again: Saving the Middle East's cultural diversity - "The old city of Sana'a is at a significant risk of being lost for humanity" (English). Your Middle East, June 5, 2015, by Marco Livadiotti.
269. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Civil War in Yemen: Rockets on World Cultural Heritage , Abendblatt.de, June 18, 2015, Thomas Frankenfeld.
270. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Saudi-led warplanes hit UNESCO-listed old Sanaa (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 12, 2015.
271. ↑ ^{a b c d} UNESCO condemns ancient houses' destruction in Sanaa 'strike' (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 12, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri.
272. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Historic old town of Sanaa hit in an air raid , spiegel.de, June 12, 2015.
273. ↑ ^{a b c} Unesco condemns the attack on the old town of Sanaa ( memento from June 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), stern.de, June 12, 2015.
274. ↑ Yemen: Dead in air strikes on world cultural heritage , de.euronews.com, June 12, 2015. Cf. Yemen: Dead in air strikes on world cultural heritage , YouTube, published by the YouTube channel euronews (German) on June 12, 2015.
275. ^ Nine dead in air raid on area inhabited by Yemeni ex-leader's relatives (English). trust.org, June 12, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari.
276. ↑ ^{a b c d} Airstrikes Destroy Part of Yemen's UNESCO Heritage Site , The New York Times, June 12, 2015.
277. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Yemen’s Heritage, a Victim of War (English), globalvoicesonline.org, June 15, 2015, posted by Noon Arabia .
278. ↑ ^{a b} The Director General of UNESCO condemns the destruction of historic buildings in the Old City of Sana'a, Yemen (English), unesco.org, June 12, 2015.
279. ^ Crisis in Yemen - Destruction in Sanaa's old town ( Memento from June 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, June 12, 2015.
280. ↑ ^{a b c} Conflict taking toll on Yemen's 'priceless' heritage (English). France 24 , May 13, 2015. With reference to: العدوان السعودي يقصف مسجد الامام الهادي ومناطق في صعده (Arabic), YouTube, published by YouTube channel كرار المؤيد on May 9, 2015.
281. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} UNESCO Director-General condemns airstrikes on Yemen's cultural heritage (English). unesco.org, June 2, 2015.
282. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} 'Engineering Marvel' of Queen of Sheba's City Damaged in Airstrike (English). news.nationalgeographic.com, June 3, 2015, by Kristin Romey.
283. ↑ Saudi warplanes kill 8 people (English). sabanews.net, May 31, 2015.
284. ↑ Yemen officials say some ground fighting after cease-fire (English). The Washington Post (AP bulletin) May 12, 2015, by Ahmed Al-Haj.
285. ↑ ^{a b} Conflict taking toll on Yemen's 'priceless' heritage (English). France 24 , May 13, 2015. With reference to: # اليمن | مصادر اعلامية محلية تتحدث عن استهداف قلعة # القاهرة التاريخية ب ٧ صواريخ من قبل التحالف بقي. , Twitter, Zaid Benjamin , May 10, 2015 (6:12 pm).
286. ↑ Yemen museum destroyed (English). History News Network (HNH) May 26, 2015. With reference to: Museum in Dhamar , Imgur
287. ↑ Yemen's Heritage, a Victim of War , globalvoicesonline.org, June 15, 2015, posted by Noon Arabia . With reference to: العدوان اليمن .. على 8 غارات تستهدف محافظة الحديدة وتدمير قلعة الشريف الأثرية بباجل ( Memento of 18 March 2018 Internet Archive ) (Arabic), rasd24.net, May 24, 2015.
288. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Monthly Factsheet, October 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), October 28, 2015 ( PDF ).
289. ^ Yemen: Aid deliveries under difficult conditions ( Memento from July 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), unhcr.de, July 3, 2015.
290. ↑ Reverse Migration - From Yemen to Somalia (English), World Food Program, July 7, 2015, by Laila Ali.
291. ↑ Civil War in Yemen - Will Yemen Become the New Syria? , detektor.fm, November 24, 2015, Interview by Konrad Spremberg with Marie-Christine Heinze.
292. ↑ ^{a b} Almost 100,000 flee Yemen in four months since fighting started , UN High Commissioner for Refugees, August 4, 2015.
293. ↑ ^{a b} Report of the Task Force on Population Movement - TFPM - Yemen - 13th Report, March 2017 ( Memento of 29 April 2017 on Webcite ) (English), humanitarianresponse.info (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Organization for Migration) , March 9, 2017 ( PDF ( memento of April 29, 2017 on WebCite )). Original: http://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/country/docs/yemen/TFPM-13th-Report_Mar2017.pdf .
294. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Response Plan 2017 - January-December 2017 [EN / AR] ( Memento from May 1, 2017 on WebCite ), humanitarianresponse.info (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 7. February 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 1, 2017 on WebCite )).
295. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Yemen (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, accessed on November 19, 2016.
296. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Yemen - Key Figures , unocha.org, accessed on April 27, 2017.
297. ↑ OCHA Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 10 - 13 April 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 13, 2015 ( PDF ).
298. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 20 - April 28, 2015 (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), April 28, 2015 ( PDF ).
299. ↑ ^{a b} First UN flights brings emergency aid to Yemen (English). unhcr.org, May 15, 2015; with reference to the original: http://www.unhcr.org/55561d7b9.html
300. ↑ Huthi rebels absent as Yemeni parties gather in Riyadh (English). reliefweb.int (AFP), May 17, 2015.
301. ↑ ^{a b c} UN says half a million Yemenis displaced as capital pounded (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 19, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
302. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Pause, Situation Report No. 4 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 17, 2015 ( PDF ).
303. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Snapshot - Displacement (as of 31 May 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 1, 2015 ( PDF ).
304. ↑ ^{a b c d} Humanitarian Snapshot IDPs, 03 June 2015 (English), humanitarianresponse.info, 3 June 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 5 June 2015 on WebCite )). Also as: Yemen: Internal Displacement (as of 31 May 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 1, 2015 ( PDF ).
305. ↑ Yemen: Task Force on Population Movements 4th Report, 5th August 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), 5th August 2015 ( PDF ).
306. ↑ Yemen Protection Cluster: Task Force on Population Movements 4th Report, 5th August 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), 5th August 2015 ( PDF ) .
307. ↑ ^{a b c d} Task Force on Population Movement, 5th Report, 14 October 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), 14 October 2015 ( original on humanitarianresponse.info ( memento from October 31, 2015 on WebCite ). See: IDPs by Current District Datase (.xlsx file; English), iom.int, [undated].
308. ^ ^{A b} Regular Press Briefing By The Information Service ( Memento from October 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), unog.ch, October 27, 2015.
309. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Task Force on Population Movement, 7th Report, February 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), February 29 2016 ( PDF ).
310. ↑ Displacement Rises in Yemen: IOM (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), April 19, 2016 ( original ).
311. ↑ Yemen: Displacement Tracking Matrix - DTM Round IV IOM Area Report: Yemen IDP Crisis - April 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), April 12, 2016 ( PDF ).
312. ↑ TASK FORCE ON POPULATION MOVEMENT, TFPM, 9th Report Executive Summary, May 2016 ( Memento of 29 April 2017 Webcite ) (English), iom.int May 2016th
313. ↑ TASK FORCE ON POPULATION MOVEMENT, TFPM, 10th Report Executive Summary, July 2016 ( Memento from April 29, 2017 on WebCite ) (PDF, English), July 2016.
314. ↑ Report of the Task Force on Population Movement, 11th Report, October 2016 ( Memento of 29 April 2017 Webcite ) (English), humanitarianresponse.info (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Organization for Migration), October 30, 2016 ( PDF ( Memento from April 29, 2017 on WebCite ).
315. ↑ Yemen: Task Force on Population Movement - TFPM - 12th Report Executive Summary , January 2017 [EN / AR] ( Memento from April 29, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), January 10, 2017 ( PDF ( memento of April 29, 2017 on WebCite )).
316. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Task Force on Population Movement - TFPM - 14th Report - May 2017 ( Memento from May 18, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster) , May 14, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 18, 2017 on WebCite )).
317. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Task Force on Population Movement (TFPM) - 15th Report - July 2017 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), July 17, 2017 ( PDF ).
318. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Task Force on Population Movement (TFPM) - 16th Report - October 2017 ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), October 18, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite )).
319. ↑ ^{a b} Protection Cluster Yemen Situation Update - March 2018 ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite ) , United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, March 12, 2018 ( PDF ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite )).
320. ↑ ^{a b} Protection Cluster Yemen Situation Update - June 2018 ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite ) , United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, July 2, 2018 ( PDF ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite )).
321. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Task Force on Population Movement (TFPM) - 17th Report - August 2018 ( Memento from October 27, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster ), September 25, 2018 ( PDF ( Memento of October 27, 2018 on WebCite )).
322. ↑ Protection Cluster Yemen situation update - Oct 2018 ( Memento of 27 October 2018 on Webcite ) (English), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, October 24, 2018th
323. ↑ Yemen Situation UNHCR Crisis Update # 6 (English). unhcr.org, May 22, 2015, accessed May 28, 2015.
324. ↑ Yemen - Task Force on Population Movement - TFPM 14th Report - Dashboard - May 2017 ( Memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), May 14, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite )).
325. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} 2015 Yemen Humanitarian Needs Overview (Revised) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 12, 2015 ( PDF ).
326. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Internal Displacement (as of 6 July 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 6 July 2015 ( PDF ).
327. ↑ Fighting in Yemen - Worse by the Hour , taz.de, April 10, 2015, by Dominic Johnson.
328. ↑ ^{a b} 900 Yemeni refugees have arrived in Africa ( memento from June 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), unhcr.de, April 10, 2015.
329. ^ Top Yemen scholars in the West condemn Saudi Arabia war (English). The Washington Post - Blogs, April 18, 2015, by Ishaan Tharoor.
330. ^ War in Yemen - Iran warns Saudi Arabia of the "seeds of hatred" , welt.de, April 18, 2015.
331. ↑ Former president defiant as humanitarian toll mounts in Yemen war (English). Reuters US, April 17, 2015, by Mohamed Mokashaf.
332. ↑ Yemen: UN warns of impact to relief efforts amid ongoing fighting across country . UN News Center, April 28, 2015.
333. ↑ Yemen External Situation Report # 13 - May 18, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Medical Corps), May 18, 2015 ( PDF ).
334. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Pause, Situation Report No. 5 . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 17, 2015 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF).
335. ↑ Yemen: Civilians Killed in Air Strike , de.euronews.com, June 3, 2015.
336. ↑ Dashboard of Task Force on Population Movement, 5th Report, October 14, 2015 ( Memento from November 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; English), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, October 14, 2015 ( PDF on iom.int ) .
337. ↑ Yemen: UNHCR Regional Update - Yemen Situation # 27 (7-14 October 2015) , refworld.org (UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)), October 14, 2015 ( original on reporting.unhcr.org ).
338. ↑ ^{a b c d} UN Launching $ 1.8 Billion Campaign for Urgent Aid in Yemen , voanews.com, February 17, 2016 (VOA News).
339. ↑ Oxfam Yemen Situation Report # 15, 22 February 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (Oxfam), 22 February 2016 ( PDF ).
340. ↑ Yemen - Internally displaced people in Yemen face increasingly critical health risks . emro.who.int, June 3, 2015.
341. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Crisis - Internal Displacement and Cross-Border Movements - ECHO Daily Map - 12/6/2015 (English). reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid department), June 12, 2015 ( PDF ).
342. ↑ Revision of the policy on tents distribution (English). reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees, CCCM Cluster, Shelter Cluster), June 18, 2015 ( PDF ).
343. ↑ ^{a b c} 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan - January-December 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), February 18, 2016 ( PDF ).
344. ↑ Somalia: Humanitarian Snapshot (as of 10 August 2015) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), August 7, 2015 (nominal) ( PDF ).
345. ↑ ^{a b c} Somali Refugees Sail Home From Yemen ( Memento from November 10, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, August 19, 2015, by Abdulaziz Billow. Cf. Somali Refugees Sail Home From Yemen ( Memento on the 10 November 2015 Webcite ) (English), voanews.com, August 19, 2015 by Abdulaziz Billow.
346. ↑ ^{a b c d} Over 20,000 Migrants and Refugees Arrive in Horn of Africa from Yemen (English). International Organization for Migration (IOM), May 22, 2015.
347. ↑ Saudi Resolve on Yemen Reflects Limits of US Strategy (English). The New York Times, April 22, 2015, by Eric Schmitt and Michael R. Gordon.
348. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, 28 May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), 28 May 2015 ( PDF ).
349. ↑ ^{a b c d} Is Yemen Europe's next migration crisis? (English), IRIN, September 18, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli and Joe Dyke.
350. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Mass exodus before the civil war - only few people can reach Europe , September 24, 2015, ipsnews.de.
351. ↑ Yemen Situation: Regional Refugee and Migrant Response - Population movements out of Yemen - As of 01 November 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees), November 1, 2015 ( PDF ); Original: Yemen Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan .
352. ↑ No Aid Drove Yemeni Man to Self-immolation, Friends Say ( memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, October 6, 2015.
353. ^ ^{A b} International Organization for Migration (IOM): Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, April 30, 2015 , April 30, 2015; And: IOM: Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, April 30, 2015 . (PDF) April 30, 2015.
354. ↑ Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 35 - 21 May 2015 (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 21, 2015.
355. ↑ Regional refugee and Migrant Response: Impact of the Yemen Crisis, November 15, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration, UN High Commissioner for Refugees), November 15, 2015 ( PDF ).
356. ^ ^{A b} Yemen Crisis - Indian Navy in Rescue Mission: Photographs - Indian Navy Extends a Helping Hand to Indian Nationals Rescued from Yemen ( Memento from April 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English), Indian Navy, [undated].
357. ^ Operation Evacuation - Operation Rahat ( page 1 , page 2 ) (English), Indian Navy, [undated].
358. ↑ IN Ships return to Hero's Welcome (English). Indian Navy, [undated].
359. ^ Yemen rejects Iranian peace plan , Deutsche Welle, April 19, 2015.
360. ↑ Yemen rejects Iran peace plan - China wants to mediate , April 19, 2015.
361. ^ The Navy brings foreigners out of Yemen , Deutsche Welle, April 3, 2015.
362. ↑ ^{a b} Ongoing fighting - foreigners flee Yemen ( memento from April 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, April 4, 2015.
363. ↑ Yemen: France evacuates 44 foreigners , de.euronews.com, April 4, 2015.
364. ^ Federal government evacuates Germans from Yemen , Zeit Online, April 17, 2015.
365. ↑ Germans brought from Yemen , April 17, 2015.
366. ↑ Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, July 2, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), July 2, 2015 ( PDF )
367. ↑ Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, 23 July 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), 23 July 2015 ( PDF )
368. ↑ Yemen Crisis: IOM Regional Response - Situation Report, 9 July 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (International Organization for Migration), 9 July 2015 ( PDF )
369. ↑ Yemen: Monthly Factsheet, November 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), November 30, 2015 ( PDF ).
370. ↑ ^{a b} New Arrivals in Yemen Comparison 2013–2016 (As of 31 January 2016) [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), January 31, 2016 ( PDF ).
371. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Mixed Migration Update, January 2016 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), January 31, 2016 ( PDF ).
372. ↑ Walking into danger: migrants still head to Yemen , IRIN, August 11, 2015, by Katie Riordan.
373. ↑ ^{a b c} Despite ongoing conflicts, further arrivals in Yemen ( memento from August 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), unhcr.de, October 27, 2015.
374. ↑ ^{a b c} Refugees continue to reach Yemen by sea despite conflict (English), unhcr.org, October 27, 2015.
375. ↑ ^{a b c} Despite raging conflict, scores of refugees continue to arrive in Yemen by sea - UN , UN News Center, October 27, 2015.
376. ↑ ^{a b c} New refugee movements in Yemen ( Memento from July 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English), unhcr.de, July 14, 2015.
377. ↑ Yemen: UNHCR Regional Update - Yemen Situation # 17 (30 July - 5 August 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), August 5, 2015.
378. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March – 29 July 2015 . (PDF) WHO EMRO [undated] (English) accessed on August 9, 2015. Also: Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, March 19 - July 29, 2015 . reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), July 29, 2015 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF)
379. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Snap Shot of health facilities based reported deaths and injuries in crisis 2015 (As of 8 Dec 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 8 December 2015 ( PDF ).
380. ↑ ^{a b c d e} UNICEF : Yemen: Childhood Under Threat , August 2015.
381. ↑ ^{a b c} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, July 22-28, 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), July 28, 2015 ( PDF ).
382. ↑ ^{a b c d} War in Yemen poses ever-growing threat to children (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), January 12, 2016.
383. ↑ ^{a b c d} 747 children killed, 724 recruited in Yemen conflict, UN (English), yemenpost.net, December 31, 2015.
384. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing notes on Yemen ( Memento from September 15, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 21, 2017.
385. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing on Yemen ( Memento from September 15, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, November 7, 2017.
386. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing note on Yemen and Nicaragua ( Memento from September 15, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, April 24, 2018.
387. ↑ ^{a b c} Amid rising death toll in Yemen, UN urges humanitarian access, respect for international law (English). UN News Center, April 24, 2015.
388. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen, Syria and Somalia (English). United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), March 31, 2015.
389. ↑ ^{a b} As chaos deepens in Yemen, UN expert warns of 'worst case scenario' displacement (English). UN News Center, April 8, 2015.
390. ↑ Yemen: The world must be prepared for rapid collapse into mass displacement crisis - UN expert (English). United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), April 8, 2015.
391. ↑ OCHA Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 6 - 8 April 2015 (10.00) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 8, 2015 ( PDF ).
392. ^ Yemen: Zeid calls for investigations into civilian casualties (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, April 14, 2015.
393. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen and Mali (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, April 14, 2015.
394. ↑ ^{a b} Flash Appeal for Yemen (April 1, 2015 to June 30, 2015) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 17, 2015. PDF .
395. ↑ Yemen Protection Cluster: Daily Situation Update, No. 16 (April 15-18, 2015) (English). reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), April 18, 2015. PDF ( Memento from May 12, 2015 on WebCite ).
396. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 14 - April 20, 2015 (10.00) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 20, 2015. PDF .
397. ↑ Press briefing notes on Yemen update, Libya and Guatemala (English). United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), April 24, 2015.
398. ↑ Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 18 - April 24, 2015 (10:00) (English). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, April 24, 2015. PDF .
399. ^ Press briefing note on South Sudan, Yemen, Angola, Indonesia and Republic of Moldova (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 12, 2015.
400. ^ Press briefing notes on Hungary, Yemen and Saudi Arabia (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 22, 2015.
401. ↑ Over 1000 civilians die in Yemen over three week period (English). United Nations Radio - News & Media, May 22, 2015.
402. ↑ Yemen: UN rights office urges all parties to adhere to international law as civilian toll grows (English), UN News Center, May 22, 2015.
403. ↑ ^{a b} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, June 3 - June 9, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 9, 2015 ( PDF ).
404. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Number of children killed quadrupled , unicef.de, June 16, 2015.
405. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen update and Azerbaijan (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, June 16, 2015.
406. ↑ Security Council condemns deadly terrorist attacks against mosques in Yemen (English). UN News Center, June 18, 2015.
407. ↑ ^{a b c} Situation of human rights in Yemen - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (A / HRC / 30/31) - Advance Edited Version (English), reliefweb.int (UN Human Rights Council) , September 7, 2015 ( PDF ). Original: Situation of human rights in Yemen - Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (English), ohchr.org, 30th session of the Human Rights Council: Reports - A / HRC / 30/31, 9. September 2015. Download in: English> Human Rights Bodies> HRC> RegularSessions> Session30> List of reports - United Nations Humans Rights Council - 30th session of the Human Rights Council: Reports , ohchr.org.
408. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 7, 2015.
409. ↑ ^{a b c d} UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, 24 June - 7 July 2015 (English). reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), July 7, 2015 ( PDF ).
410. ↑ Press briefing note on Turkey, Israel / Occupied Palestinian Territory and Yemen (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 14, 2015.
411. ↑ Press briefing notes on Yemen . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 21, 2015.
412. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, July 8-21, 2015 . reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), July 21, 2015 ( PDF ).
413. ↑ Yemen schoolchildren "write on ground" amid shortages (English). United Nations Radio - News & Media, July 24, 2015.
414. ^ Press briefing notes on Iraq, Libya and Yemen (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 28, 2015.
415. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, July 29 - August 4, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), August 4, 2015 ( PDF ).
416. ↑ Press briefing notes on Burundi and Yemen , UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, August 4, 2015.
417. ↑ UN envoy on Yemen presses on towards political solution with meetings in Cairo (English). UN News Center, Aug. 4, 2015.
418. ↑ Press briefing notes on Libya, Syria and Yemen (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, August 18, 2015.
419. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing notes on Yemen and Chad , UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 1, 2015.
420. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Crisis Situation Report 16 - 22 September 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), September 22, 2015 ( PDF ).
421. ↑ Press briefing notes on Yemen, Central African Republic and Escalating tensions in East Jerusalem and West Bank , UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 29, 2015.
422. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Crisis Situation Report 23 September - 1 October 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), October 1, 2015 ( PDF .)
423. ↑ Press briefing notes on Burundi, Yemen, Cambodia and Congo (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, October 23, 2015.
424. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report (2 - 20 October 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), 20 October 2015 ( PDF .)
425. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing notes on Yemen , UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 5, 2016.
426. ^ Press briefing note on Yemen and Honduras [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), March 4, 2016 ( original ).
427. ↑ Zeid condemns repeated killing of civilians in Yemen airstrikes (English), ohchr.org, March 18, 2016.
428. ↑ Children on the Brink - The Impact Of Violence And Conflict On Yemen And Its Children (English), unicef.de, March 29, 2016.
429. ↑ Press briefing note on (1) Yemen and (2) Israel / occupied Palestinian territory ( Memento of 29 April 2017 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), June 10 2016.
430. ↑ Press briefing notes on Nauru, Yemen and Democratic Republic of the Congo ( Memento of 29 April 2017 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), August 12, 2016th
431. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen ( Memento of April 29, 2017 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), September 23, 2016.
432. ↑ Press briefing note on (1) Syria, (2) Yemen and (3) India / Pakistan ( Memento of April 29, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), 4th October 2016.
433. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing notes on Thailand and Yemen, February 28, 2017 ( Memento from April 25, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), February 28, 2017 (Original: Press briefing notes on Thailand and Yemen ( Memento from April 25, 2017 on WebCite ), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, February 28, 2017).
434. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen and destruction of Mosul mosque ( Memento of 15 September 2018 Webcite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, June 23, 2017th
435. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen, Cambodia and Guatemala ( Memento of 15 September 2018 Webcite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, August 25, 2017th
436. ↑ ^{a b} Press briefing note on Yemen ( Memento from September 15, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 19, 2017.
437. ↑ Press briefing on Yemen and Gaza ( Memento from September 15, 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, December 19, 2017.
438. ↑ Press briefing note on Yemen, Cambodia, Cuba, Nicaragua and Montenegro ( Memento of 15 September 2018 Webcite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 11, 2018th
439. ↑ Darker and more dangerous: High Commissioner updates the Human Rights Council on human rights issues in 40 countries - Human Rights Council 36th session - Opening Statement by Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ( Memento from September 15 2018 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, September 11, 2017.
440. ↑ Yemen MSF says hospital hit by air raid, no casualties (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), October 27, 2015 (faw / tm / lyn / hkb).
441. ↑ UN: Yemen's seven-month violence kills 2,615 civilians - Out of 2,615 people killed, 1,641 civilians have reportedly been killed in airstrikes carried out by Saudi Arabia and its allies (English), aa.com.tr, October 27, 2015.
442. ↑ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Coalition Bombs Homes in Capital - Saudi-led Forces, US Fail to Investigate Alleged Unlawful Attacks , December 21, 2015.
443. ↑ Yemen Conflict: Over a thousand child casualties so far - UNICEF (English), unicef.org, August 19, 2015.
444. ↑ Statement on the situation in Yemen by Leila Zerrougui, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict (English), UN Office of the SRSG for Children and Armed Conflict, August 24, 2015.
445. ↑ ^{a b} Majority of Child Casualties in Yemen Caused by Saudi-Led Airstrikes (English), ipsnews.net, August 25, 2015, by Kanya D'Almeida (IPS).
446. ↑ Yemen: Air strikes led by Saudi Arabia cost the most victims among children , ipsnews.de, August 26, 2015, by Kanya D'Almeida (IPS).
447. ↑ ^{a b} Saudi-led coalition pounds Yemen rebels in three cities (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 22, 2015.
448. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict - hundreds of children killed in fighting in Yemen , rp-online.de, May 22, 2015.
449. ↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, 20 - 26 May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), 26 May 2015 ( PDF ).
450. ↑ ^{a b} Wet beds and nightmares: Yemen's children learn war (English). irinnews.org, June 1, 2015, by Nasser Al-Sakkaf and Louise Redvers.
451. ↑ Fresh coalition strikes on south Yemen as truce expires (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 17, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
452. ^ Yemen: Pro-Houthi Forces Launch Rockets on Saudi City - Indiscriminate Attacks Kill 12 Civilians, Wound Over a Dozen (English). Human Rights Watch, May 13, 2015.
453. ↑ One child killed, three others injured in shelling from Yemen ( Memento of 26 May 2015, Internet Archive ) (English). Government of Saudi Arabia, May 22, 2015.
454. ↑ One killed, five wounded in Najran from shellfire from Yemen ( Memento from May 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English). saudiembassy.net, May 26, 2015.
455. ↑ One police officer killed, three wounded in shellfire from Yemen ( Memento from May 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English). saudiembassy.net, May 26, 2015.
456. ↑ Yemen rocket kills child in Saudi Arabia: state media (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), February 1, 2016.
457. ↑ Yemeni strikes kill, wound 375 in Saudi border zone: coalition (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), February 2, 2016.
458. ↑ Dozens killed in Yemen as army moves towards Sanaa - Arab coalition air strikes back pro-government forces' advance towards the capital with 40 Houthi fighters killed (English), Al Jazeera, February 3, 2016.
459. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Humanitarian Response Plan January-December 2018 [EN / AR] ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite ), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen, February 20 2018 ( PDF ( Memento from September 12, 2018 on WebCite )).
460. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict Situation report # 1, April 1, 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), April 1, 2015 ( PDF ).
461. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Situation Report No. 6 (06 May 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 6 May 2015 ( PDF ).
462. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict Situation report # 11, 12 July - 30 July 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 30 July 2015 ( PDF ).
463. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict Situation report # 14, 31 August - 13 September 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 13 September 2015 ( PDF ).
464. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict Situation report # 15, 14–27 September 2015 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 27 September 2015 ( PDF ). Original URL: http://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/yemen/WHO_Yemen_situation_report_Issue_number_15_14__September_2015.pdf?ua=1 .
465. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen - Conflict (ECHO, UN, Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 5 November 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), 5 November 2015 ( original ).
466. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen conflict Situation report # 18, 26 October - 9 November 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 9 November 2015 ( PDF ).
467. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen conflict - Situation report number 19-10 NOVEMBER - 24 NOVEMBER 2015 (English), emro.who.int, [undated].
468. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen conflict Situation report # 21, 8 December - 22 December 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 22 December 2015 ( PDF ). Original: Yemen conflict - Situation report number 21 08 DECEMBER - 22 DECEMBER 2015 (PDF) .
469. ↑ ^{a b} Situation report number 22 - 1–14 JANUARY 2016 - Yemen conflict (English), emro.who.int (World Health Organization), [undated].
470. ↑ ^{a b} Situation report number 25 - 16–29 FEBRUARY 2016 - Yemen conflict (English), emro.who.int (World Health Organization), [undated].
471. ↑ ^{a b} Situation report number 27 - 16–31 MARCH 2016 - Yemen conflict (English), emro.who.int (World Health Organization), [undated].
472. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 11 - Issued on 8 May 2016 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 8 May 2016 ( PDF ).
473. ↑ ^{a b} World events - ECHO Daily Map - 12/05/2016 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), May 12, 2016 ( PDF ).
474. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Response Plan January-December 2017 [EN / AR]. ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen), February 8, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from April 22, 2017 on WebCite ) )
475. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 23 - 9 May 2017 ( Memento from May 13, 2017 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 9, 2017 ( PDF ( Memento from 13 May 2017) May 2017 on WebCite )).
476. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ), (English), Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization (WHO EMRO), [undated] ( Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, March 19, 2015– April 30, 2017 ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ).
477. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ), (English), Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization (WHO EMRO), [undated] ( Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March 2015–31 May 2017 ( Memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite )).
478. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries , (English), Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of World Health Organization (WHO EMRO), [undated] ( Latest health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March 2015– July 15, 2017 ( memento from September 16, 2018 on WebCite ).
479. ↑ ^{a b c} State of Crisis: Explosive Weapons in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Action on Armed Violence), report by Robert Perkins, September 22, 2015 ( PDF and original (PDF ) ). Alternatively: ( PDF ).
480. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Humanitarian Bulletin No 3 - 29 September 2015 [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), September 29, 2015 ( PDF ).
481. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Situation Report No. 1 (as of March 31, 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), March 31, 2015 ( PDF ).
482. ↑ ^{a b} OCHA Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 3 - 5 April 2015 (10.00) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 5, 2015 ( PDF ).
483. ↑ ^{a b} OCHA Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 4 - 6 April 2015 (10.00) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 6, 2015 ( PDF ).
484. ↑ ^{a b} OCHA Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 5 - 7 April 2015 (10.00) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 7, 2015 ( PDF ).
485. ↑ Human rights activists see evidence of cluster bombs in Yemen , Reuters Germany, May 3, 2015.
486. ↑ What can we do in 5 days? Aid workers skeptical of Saudi truce . IRIN Middle East, May 7, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli.
487. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 37 - 25 May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 25 May 2015 ( PDF ).
488. ↑ Situation report # 7 6–17 MAY 2015 - Yemen conflict (PDF) (English). Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of World Health Organization (WHO EMRO), [undated], accessed May 25, 2015.
489. ↑ Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March - 13 May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), 13 May 2015 ( PDF ). Original publication : Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March – 13 May 2015 (PDF), WHO EMRO, [undated].
490. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan - 2015 Revision (June 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen), April 19, 2015 ( PDF ).
491. ^ Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March – 1 July 2015 (PDF ). WHO EMRO, [undated], accessed July 16, 2015.
492. ↑ World Events - ECHO Daily Map - 30/6/2015 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid department), June 30, 2015 Original publication : ( World Events - Emergency Response Coordination Center (ERCC) - ECHO Daily Map - 30/6/2015 ) (English), erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu, June 30, 2015.
493. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Escalating Conflict Situation Report No. 2 (as of 3 April 2015) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), April 3, 2015 ( PDF ).
494. ↑ ^{a b c} War in Yemen - a bloodbath for which nobody is liable - In Yemen civilians die every day in a war that neither side can win. You are paying the price for the Saudi-Iranian power struggle because it is easy to carry out in your country , nzz.ch, January 16, 2016, by Monika Bolliger.
495. ↑ Armistice - Yemen breathes through briefly , sueddeutsche.de, December 15, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.
496. ↑ Secretary-General's address at event co-organized by the United Nations Association of the United Kingdom and Chatham House (English), un.org (UNSG Ban Ki-moon), February 5, 2016.
497. ↑ Yemen - Conflict (ECHO, UN, Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 8 February 2016) (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), 8 February 2016 (( original )).
498. ↑ Ban condemns air strike on clinic in Yemen - After the bombing of an MSF clinic in Yemen, UN Secretary General Ban has called for all fighting to be stopped. Saudi Arabia denies responsibility for the attack - which was by no means the first of its kind , dw.com, October 27, 2015 (stu / chr (afp, rtr)).
499. ↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen (English), un.org, October 27, 2015.
500. ↑ Yemen: Ban calls for all warring parties to halt operations after Saudi-led airstrikes destroy hospital (English), UN News Center, October 27, 2015.
501. ↑ Amnesty International (UK): Yemen: attack on MSF hospital may be a war crime (English), October 27, 2015.
502. ↑ Saudi Arabia complains UN blamed coalition for bombing Yemen hospital (English), The Sydney Morning Herald, October 29, 2015, by Michelle Nichols (Reuters).
503. ↑ KSA upset over UN accusation about hospital bombing (English), arabnews.com, October 29, 2015.
504. ↑ Saudi denies coalition hit Yemen MSF hospital (English), english.alarabiya.net, October 29, 2015 (Al Arabiya News with AFP).
505. ↑ Yemen: Denial of Hospital Bombing by Saudi-Led Coalition Contradicts All Facts ( Memento from October 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English), doctorswithoutborders.org, October 29, 2015.
506. ↑ Military coalition must admit and investigate attack on hospital , aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de, October 30, 2015.
507. ↑ Kunduz, Afghanistan, 36 ° 43'4.91``N, 68 ° 51'43.96 '' (English), msf.org, November 10, 2015, by Thomas Nierle. Original: Hôpitaux de MSF bombardés, ça suffit! (French), Le Temps, November 2, 2015, by Thomas Nierle.
508. ↑ Doctors Without Borders Clinic bombed in Yemen , derstandard.at, October 27, 2015 (red).
509. ↑ Yemen hospital hit by Saudi-led airstrikes - Médecins Sans Frontières says Saada facility was hit by several airstrikes on Monday night with patients and staff inside (English), theguardian.com, October 27, 2015.
510. ↑ Yemeni MSF hospital bombed, Saudi-led coalition denies responsibility (English), reuters.com, October 27, 2015, by Noah Browning.
511. ↑ Humanitarian Aid - UN and ICRC launch joint appeal for the first time - In view of the numerous conflicts around the world, UN General Secretary Ban Ki Moon and ICRC head Peter Maurer called for concrete action in Geneva. It was the first joint appeal of this kind , blick.ch, October 31, 2015 (sda).
512. ↑ Checkpoint - Medical facilities becoming routine casualties in conflict zones (English), The Washington Post, October 28, 2015, by Thomas Gibbons-Neff.
513. ↑ While condemning Assad, US Bombs Afghan Hospital & Backs Saudi Devastating War on Yemen (English), democracynow.org, October 30, 2015 Moderator: Amy Goodman; guest: Widney Brown (director of programs at Physicians for Human Rights).
514. ^ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary General on Yemen [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Secretary-General), December 2, 2015 ( PDF ).
515. ↑ Yemen: Bomb attack hits Doctors Without Borders clinic - The Saudi Arabia-led military coalition has apparently hit a hospital in the city of Taiz in air strikes in southern Yemen. Doctors Without Borders transmitted the coordinates just a few days ago , spiegel.de, December 3, 2015 (mil / AP / dpa / Reuters).
516. ↑ Yemen: Nine wounded in Saudi-led coalition airstrike on MSF clinic in Taiz (English), Médecins Sans Frontières, December 3, 2015.
517. ↑ Yemen: civilian casualties top 8,100 as airstrikes and shelling continue, UN reports (English), UN News Center, January 5, 2016.
518. ↑ ^{a b c} Cluster bombs used in Yemen , n-tv.de, January 9, 2016 (n-tv.de, hul / AFP).
519. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Coalition Drops Cluster Bombs in Capital - Indiscriminate Weapon Used in Residential Areas , January 7, 2016.
520. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} The UN's Top Human Rights Official in Yemen is Now "Persona Non Grata" (English), Vice News, January 7, 2016, by Samuel Oakford.
521. ↑ Yemeni Ministry Informs OHCHR that Its Representative is Person Non Grate in Yemen ( Memento from January 10, 2016 in the web archive archive.today ) (English), Saudi Press Agency, January 7, 2016 (SPA).
522. ↑ Yemen to expel UN human rights official (English), business-standard.com, January 7, 2016 (AFP).
523. ↑ UN human rights chief urges Yemen to rethink exclusion of country official - UN rejects suggestions of political bias as decision to make George Abu al-Zulof persona non grata branded unwarranted and counterproductive (English), theguardian.com, January 8, 2016, from Sam Jones.
524. ↑ Zeid urges Yemen to reverse decision to expel top UN human rights official (English), UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, January 8, 2016.
525. ↑ UN chief 'deeply concerned' about intensification of airstrikes and ground fighting in Yemen , UN News Service, January 8, 2016.
526. ↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen (English), un.org, January 8, 2016.
527. ↑ Use of cluster bombs in Yemen may be war crime: UN chief , reuters.com, January 8, 2016, by Louis Charbonneau.
528. ↑ ^{a b c d} UN panel calls for international inquiry in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), January 27, 2016 (cml / mdl).
529. ↑ Yemen rescinds expulsion of UN rights official: diplomats , reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), January 8, 2016 (cml / bfm).
530. ↑ UN Chief Condemns Deadly Attack on Yemen Hospital (English), January 10, 2016 (VOA News).
531. ↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen (English), un.org, January 10, 2016.
532. ↑ Yemen - Deaths in attack on hospital in Yemen , dw.com, January 10, 2016 (pab / pg (afp, ape)).
533. ↑ Shiara (Yemen): the total number of dead rises to six after a critically injured patient passed away in Saada, one week after the hospital was hit by a projectile (English), reliefweb.int (Médecins Sans Frontières), January 17 2016.
534. ^ Yemen - At least four dead after the attack on the hospital in Razeh , aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de, January 11, 2016.
535. ↑ Attacks on hospitals mean people in Yemen are now too scared to go for treatment, MSF says (English), independent.co.uk, January 19, 2016, by Adam Withnall.
536. ↑ Yemen crisis: MSF-backed hospital hit by missile , bbc.com, January 10, 2016.
537. ↑ Bombing hospitals and schools cannot become the new normal , theguardian.com, January 19, 2016, by Vickie Hawkins.
538. ↑ Yemen: Health facilities under attack - MSF wants answers - Access to health care for people affected by war must be guaranteed (English), Médecins Sans Frontières, January 25, 2016. German version: Repeated attacks on health facilities - Doctors without borders calls for independent people Investigation - MSF health facilities in Yemen have been attacked three times in the past three months. This represents a complete disregard for international law according to the Geneva Conventions. Access to health care for those affected by the war must be guaranteed, the organization demands , aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de, 25 January 2016.
539. ↑ Attacks on Houthi rebels - Yemen hopes for a ceasefire ( memento from May 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, May 10, 2015.
540. ↑ Despite the ongoing fighting, the signs point to a ceasefire in Yemen , Deutsche Welle, May 10, 2015.
541. ↑ Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: UN coordinator (English). Reuters US, May 9, 2015.
542. ↑ UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair, UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen: Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw (9 May 2015) (English), reliefweb.int, May 9, 2015.
543. ^ Aid Agencies Call For an Immediate and Permanent Cease Fire as an Additional 70,000 People Flee Coalition Airstrikes in Northern Yemen (English). savethechildren.org, May 10, 2015.
544. ↑ Yemen: The Gulf Coalition relies on ground troops - Saudi Arabia and its allies have recently suffered heavy losses in the fight against the Houthis. Now ground troops should bring the decision , zeit.de, September 26, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.
545. ↑ Letter dated 22 January 2016 from the Panel of Experts on Yemen - Final report of the Panel of Experts on Yemen established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2140 (2014) (S / 2016/73) [EN / AR]. (English), reliefweb.int (UN Security Council), January 26, 2016 ( PDF ).
546. ↑ UN Panel Alleges Violations of International Law in Yemen , voanews.com, January 26, 2016 (VOA News).
547. ↑ ^{a b} UN report into Saudi-led strikes in Yemen raises questions over UK role - Experts conclude Saudi-led coalition conducted widespread airstrikes against civilian targets in violation of international law (English), theguardian.com, January 27, 2016, by Ewen MacAskill.
548. ^ Yemen: Scores of civilians killed and injured by anti-aircraft fire and airstrikes on weapons depots (English). Amnesty International, May 28, 2015.
549. ↑ Saudi Arabia's Cruel Stranglehold (English). Foreign Policy, May 21, 2015 by Lama Fakih.
550. ^ Yemen - Arab Alliance attacks Houthi positions , zeit.de, May 29, 2015.
551. ^ Yemen - Human rights group accuses conflicting parties in Yemen of crimes , zeit.de, September 2, 2015 (AFP).
552. ^ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Southern Forces, Houthis Abuse Prisoners in Aden - Treat Detainees Humanely; Punish Wrongdoing (English). September 1, 2015.
553. ↑ Serious allegations - Houthi rebels brutally executed in Yemen , blick.ch, September 2, 2015 (SDA).
554. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: War Crimes Not Addressed - Justice Efforts Crucial to Peace Talks , May 4, 2016.
555. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemeni Blacks Ravaged by Poverty, War ( memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, October 12, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli and Heather Murdock. Cf .: airstrikes in Yemen Destroy Homes That Can not be Rebuilt ( Memento of 9 November 2015 Webcite ) (English), voanews.com, October 12, 2015.
556. ↑ US Navy Report: Arab Coalition Slowing Aid Efforts in Yemen ( Memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, October 14, 2015 (Reuters).
557. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Saudi Warnings No Free Pass to Attack - Coalition Should Assist, Not Threaten, Aid Agencies , February 17, 2016.
558. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Coalition Fails to Investigate Unlawful airstrikes - US Could Share Responsibility for Indiscriminate Attacks (English), November 26, 2015 German version: Yemen: military alliance not investigated illegal air strikes - USA could be partly responsible for indiscriminate attacks , 27 November 2015.
559. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Letter to US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter on Armed Conflict in Yemen , April 13, 2015 (date of the letter: April 10, 2015), by Kenneth Roth. PDF .
560. ↑ Saudi Coalition / US: Curb Civilian Harm in Yemen (English). hrw.org, April 13, 2015.
561. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: The UN Human Rights Council must address violations and abuses against civilians in Yemen conflict (English), Index number: MDE 31/3390/2016, February 18, 2016 ( PDF ).
562. ^ Yemen: Relentless airstrikes that have left hundreds of civilians dead must be investigated (English). Amnesty International, April 24, 2015.
563. ↑ Yemen: Mounting evidence of high civilian toll of Saudi-led airstrikes (English). Amnesty International, May 8, 2015.
564. ^ Yemen: Six children among dozens killed in Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes (English). amnesty.org, March 26, 2015.
565. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Targeting Saada - Unlawful Coalition Airstrikes on Saada City in Yemen (English). reliefweb.int (Human Rights Watch), June 30, 2015 ( PDF ). Original publication : Targeting Saada - Unlawful Coalition Airstrikes on Saada City in Yemen (English). June 30, 2015.
566. ↑ Amnesty International: 'Our kids are bombed': Schools under attack in Yemen5 (English), Index number: MDE 31/3026/201, December 11, 2015 ( PDF download ).
567. ↑ Amnesty International: Bombing of schools by Saudi Arabia-led coalition a flagrant attack on future of Yemen's children (English), December 11, 2015. With reference to: Yemen: Bombing of schools by Saudi Arabia-led coalition (English), YouTube , published by the Amnesty International YouTube channel on December 11, 2015.
568. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Amnesty: Military alliance bombed schools in Yemen - criticism of alliance led by Saudi Arabia , derstandard.at, December 11, 2015 (APA).
569. ↑ ^{a b c} Yemen: Fragile ceasefire and prisoner exchange - Amnesty International accuses Sunnis alliance of bombing schools , Telepolis, December 17, 2015, by Peter Mühlbauer.
570. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Yemen: Saudi Arabia's military alliance apparently bombs schools , spiegel.de, December 11, 2015 (mil / afp).
571. ^ Yemen Cease-fire Broken , Voice Of America, December 16, 2015, by Henry Ridgwell. Cf. * Yemen Cease-fire Broken; Saudi-led Coalition Accused of Bombing Schools (English; video: 2:22 min.), Voice Of America, by Henry Ridgwell.
572. ↑ ^{a b} Rights Group: Houthis, Saudi Coalition Put Blind Students at Risk , voanews.com, January 14, 2016, by Heather Murdock. Cf. Yemeni Children, Disabled at Risk , voanews.com, January 14, 2016; Houthis and Saudi Coalition Put Students at Risk, Rights Group Says (video: 1:59 min.), Voanews.com, January 14, 2016.
573. ^ Yemen: Pro-Houthi Forces Attack, Detain Civilians - Abuses Further Imperil Aden Residents (English). Human Rights Watch, May 7, 2015.
574. ↑ Annual balance sheet on freedom of the press - 67 journalists killed because of their work , reporter-ohne-grenzen.de, December 29, 2015.
575. ↑ Round-up of journalists detained, held hostage or disappeared in 2015 , reliefweb.int (Reporters sans Frontières), December 15, 2015 ( PDF ). Original: http://en.rsf.org/rsf-s-2015-round-up-54-journalists-15-12-2015,48640.html .
576. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Arbitrarily Held by the Houthis - Campaign of Arrests to Silence Peaceful Critics in Capital , January 10, 2016.
577. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: 3 Months Since Houthis 'Disappear' Protesters - Ex-Detainees Describe Mass Arrests, Torture in Ibb , January 16, 2016.
578. ↑ Aid deliveries blocked: allegations against rebels in Yemen , orf.at, January 31, 2016.
579. ↑ Yemen: Houthis Block Vital Goods into Taizz - Food, Medical Supplies Confiscated From Civilians (English), reliefweb.int (Human Rights Watch), January 31, 2016.
580. ↑ Human Rights Watch urges Yemen rebels to allow aid to besieged city (English), dw.com, January 31, 2016 (ksb / sms (AFP, AP, dpa)).
581. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: Huthi forces block vital hospital supplies fueling humanitarian crisis in Ta'iz (English), February 9, 2016.
582. ↑ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Houthis Used Landmines in Aden - All Sides Should Reject Use, Affirm Mine Ban Treaty (English), September 5, 2015.
583. ↑ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch: Yemen: New Houthi Landmine Use - Need for All Sides to Reject Weapon, Affirm Mine Ban Treaty (English), November 18, 2015.
584. ↑ Use of anti-personnel mines in Yemen complains , derstandard.at, November 18, 2015 (APA).
585. ↑ NZZ, April 21, 2017, page 2
586. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Civil War in Yemen - Thousands of Child Soldiers in Action , Neue Zürcher Zeitung, May 12, 2015, by Daniel Steinvorth.
587. ↑ International Day against the Use of Child Soldiers: Child Soldiers are Boys and Girls we Failed to Protect (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office of the SRSG for Children and Armed Conflict), February 12, 2016. Original: https: / /childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/press-release/international-day-against-child-soldiers-2016/ .
588. ↑ ^{a b c d e} In Yemen, children - possibly thousands of them - join fight (English). The Washington Post, May 11, 2015, by Ali al-Mujahed and Hugh Naylor.
589. ↑ Hundreds of children killed, injured in 'devastating' Yemen conflict: UN (English). Reuters US, April 24, 2015, by Kieran Guilbert.
590. ↑ 'Over 115' children killed in Yemen war - UN agency UNICEF says about half were killed by air strikes, and others by mines, gunshots, and shelling (English). Al Jazeera, April 24, 2015.
591. ^ Yemen: Houthis Send Children Into Battle (English).
592. ↑ “Yemen is crumbling” - aid organizations appeal to the international community , de.qantara.de, August 12, 2015 (KNA).
593. ↑ ^{a b c} Middle East - Little outcry as hospitals bombed in Syria, Yemen (English), The Washington Post, October 30, 2015, by Zeina Karam (AP).
594. ↑ Ceasefire in Yemen Faces Collapse as US Continues Weapons Sales to Saudi Arabia, Fueling Civil War (English) (transcript; video: 48:35 min .; from min. 23:16), Democracy Now , December 18, 2015, interview by Amy Goodman and Juan González with Sharif Abdel Kouddous. Also published as: Ceasefire in Yemen Faces Collapse as US Continues Weapons Sales to Saudi Arabia, Fueling Civil War (video: 16:59 min.), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel Democracy Now! on December 18, 2015.
595. ↑ Yemen: “There are no good guys in this war” - Amnesty crisis officer Donatella Rovera on arms deliveries to the Saudi-led coalition and allegations against the Houthi rebels , derstandard.at, February 11, 2016, interview by Bert Eder with Donatella Rovera .
596. ↑ Six thousand die in Yemen's 'forgotten war' (English; video: 3:28 min.), Bbc.com, January 7, 2016.
597. ↑ The war in Yemen The unbeautiful south - As the fighting moves north, chaos is left behind (English), economist.com, October 24, 2015.
598. ↑ ^{a b c} Why does no one care about Yemen? (English), IRIN, February 11, 2016, by Annie Slemrod.
599. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: The forgotten war - The world has turned its back on a growing crisis (English), [? September 2015].
600. ^ Yemen as Laboratory: Why is the West So Silent About This Savage War? (English), counterpunch.org, September 23, 2015, by Martha Mundy. A German translation was made on voltairenet.org: Why is the West silent about the war in Yemen? - The anthropologist Martha Mundy laments the silence of the great powers about the war in Yemen. She recalls the challenges this country presents for Saudi Arabia and Israel , voltairenet.org, October 9, 2015, by Martha Mundy.
601. Jump up ↑ Yemen - The Forgotten War - The Gulf States bomb the poorest country in the Arab world back into the premodern. The world can no longer stand by and watch , sueddeutsche.de, September 15, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.
602. ↑ Inside Yemen's forgotten war , bbc.com, September 11, 2015, by Gabriel Gatehouse (BBC Newsnight). See also: Yemen's forgotten war (PART ONE) - Newsnight (Video: 9:45 min.), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel BBC Newsnight on September 10, 2015.
603. ↑ Forgotten War: Saudi Arabia bombs Yemen into misery , spiegel.de, July 29, 2015, by Christoph Sydow.
604. ↑ Saudis strike in response to Houthi Scud attack as forgotten war rages on - Airstrikes target launchers after missile struck close to Saudi airbase, as UN says there is 'desperate need' to end to conflict that has killed 5,300 Yemenis (English), theguardian. com, October 15, 2015, by Ian Black.
605. ↑ The Guardian view on Yemen: remember the forgotten war - Diplomatic balancing acts should not prevent western nations telling the truth about war crimes and atrocities being committed in the Middle East's less high-profile conflicts (English), theguardian.com, September 13 2015, from the Guardian editorial .
606. ↑ ICRC President Peter Maurer - “catastrophic situation” in Yemen (audio: 26:53 min .; Swiss German), srf.ch, August 19, 2015, moderated by Susanne Brunner ( mp3 download of the talk of August 19, 2015 ) .
607. ↑ 'Yemen after 5 months looks like Syria after 5 years': Red Cross president (English), ctvnews.ca, August 19, 2015, by Jamey Keaten (AP).
608. ↑ Yemen's Forgotten Children - A blog by Grant Pritchard, Director of Advocacy, Communications and Media, Save the Children Yemen , savethechildren.net, February 10, 2016, by Grant Pritchard.
609. ↑ Yemen: The world must listen before it's too late (English), Save the Children, September 1, 2015, by blogger Mark Kaye (Emergency Information & Communications Officer at Save the Children) ( Yemen: The world must listen before it's too late ).
610. ↑ Yemen: aid work in the world's largest forgotten emergency (English), policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk, October 9, 2015, by Tariq Riebl.
611. ↑ Yemen is the crisis that the world forgot (English), reliefweb.int (CARE), January 5, 2016, by Dylan Quinnell ( original ). Original publication in Herald Sun online: www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/yemen-is-the-crisis-that-the-world-forgot/news-story/30062eb6f4b1d1138cccca8a2c94b3b3.
612. ↑ FAO warns of rapidly deteriorating food security in Yemen - More than 14 million people food insecure, in need of urgent livelihood support (English), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), January 28, 2016. Cf .: FAO's appeal for Yemen ( English; video: 4:32 min.), YouTube, published by the YouTube channel FAOVideo on January 28, 2016.
613. ↑ More than half Yemen's population face hunger amid ongoing strife, UN agency warns (English), UN News Center, January 28, 2016.
614. ↑ Civil war country - massive hunger crisis in Yemen: More than 14 million people affected - food insecurity and malnutrition had reached a critical point, warned the UN's food and agriculture organization , Tiroler Tageszeitung Online, January 28, 2016 (APA / dpa).
615. ↑ UN Food Agency: Yemen Enduring 'Humanitarian Catastrophe' (English), voanews.com, January 29, 2016 (VOA News).
616. ↑ Airstrikes hit Médecins Sans Frontières hospital in Yemen - Hospital in Saada province hit repeatedly despite GPS coordinates being given to Saudi-led coalition two weeks ago, says MSF country director , theguardian.com, October 27, 2015, by Nadia Khomami .
617. ↑ Do we still care about the F word? (English), IRIN, August 24, 2015, by Joe Dyke.
618. ↑ UN warns of impending famine in Yemen as no way in for food aid (English), euronews.com, August 20, 2015.
619. ↑ There is a threat of famine in Yemen , de.euronews.com, August 20, 2015.
620. ↑ UN: Famine looms in Yemen, people running out of food, fuel, and living in sewers (English), abc.net.au, August 21, 2015, by Mandie Sami.
621. ↑ Yemen: Patients in Dire Need in Ruined Hospitals (English; video: 3:55 min.), International Committee of the Red Cross, January 7, 2016.
622. ↑ UN officials condemn 'virtual silence' about escalating violence in Yemen (English), UN News Center, September 15, 2015.
623. ↑ ^{a b} Statement by Adama Dieng, UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Jennifer Welsh, UN Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, on the situation in Yemen (English), reliefweb.int (United Nations), September 15, 2015 ( PDF , original PDF ).
624. ↑ Air strikes by the Saudi Arabian coalition also destroy cultural heritage: Yemen's bombed treasures ( Memento from November 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (audio: 11:50 min.), Wdr5.de, November 16, 2015, by Cornelia Wegerhoff. In:, Moderation: Sebastian Wellendorf.
625. ↑ Yemen: the devastation of a nation, largely ignored - The UK's role in Yemen has been described as a 'paradox of aid and arms': we have committed millions for humanitarian relief yet are one of Saudi Arabia's biggest arms suppliers - UN report into Saudi-led intervention finds evidence of widespread air strikes against civilian targets (English), theguardian.com, January 27, 2016, by Stephen Twigg .
626. ↑ ^{a b} Why almost no one's covering the war in Yemen (English). Columbia Journalism Review (CJR), May 13, 2015, by Jared Malsin.
627. ↑ Yemen - Slipping into anarchy , faz.net, June 12, 2015, by Rainer Hermann.
628. ↑ War in Yemen: Too Long a Process , derstandard.at, June 21, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.
629. ↑ Analysis - Al-Qaeda is the laughing third party in Yemen , derstandard.at, July 18, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.
630. ↑ War and hardship now also drive out the Yemenis - Analysis - There are hardly any independent reports on the war in Yemen. What is certain is that a new refugee problem is emerging , derstandard.at, September 15, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.
631. ↑ No Cubans in Syria, but Sudanese in Yemen , derstandard.at, October 19, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.
632. ↑ ^{a b c} U.N. Human Rights Chief Calls for Independent Inquiry on Yemen , nytimes.com, September 14, 2015, by Nick Cumming-Bruce.
633. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} With US help, Saudi Arabia is obliterating Yemen (English), globalpost.com, November 30, 2015, by Sharif Abdel Kouddous.
634. ↑ Persecution of civil society, migration crisis top concerns of UN human rights chief (English), UN News Center, September 14, 2015. With reference to: Opening Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein at the 30th session of the Human Rights Council , ohchr.org.
635. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Human Rights Watch: UN: Rights Council Fails Yemeni Civilians - Saudi Pressure Derails Bid for International Inquiry , October 2, 2015.
636. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Saudi Objections Halt UN Inquiry of Yemen War , nytimes.com, September 30, 2015, by Nick Cumming-Bruce.
637. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Set UN Inquiry Into Violations by All Sides - Growing Toll From Indiscriminate Attacks, Cluster Weapons , August 19, 2015.
638. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Yemen: Coalition Strikes on Residence Apparent War Crime - Need UN Inquiry Into Unlawful Attacks by Warring Parties . July 27, 2015.
639. ↑ Amnesty International: 'Nowhere safe for civilians': Airstrikes and ground attacks in Yemen (English), Index number: MDE 31/2291/2015, August 17, 2015 ( PDF download ).
640. ↑ Amnesty International: Yemen: UN inquiry needed as civilian lives devastated six months after Saudi Arabia-led coalition began airstrikes , September 25, 2015.
641. ↑ 30th regular session of the Human Rights Council (14 September to 2 October 2015) (English), ohchr.org, [undated].
642. ↑ Human Rights Watch: UN Human Rights Council: Joint NGO Letter on Yemen Resolution - Letter to the Permanent Representatives of Members and Observers of the United Nations Human Rights Council , September 25, 2015.
643. ↑ ^{a b} More than 500 children killed in Yemen , derstandard.at, October 2, 2015 (APA).
644. ↑ ^{a b} Saudi coalition rages in Yemen - Amnesty denounces war crimes , n-tv.de, October 7, 2015 (n-tv.de, nsc / dpa / AFP).
645. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen without international investigation , Zentralplus.ch, October 2, 2015.
646. ↑ US backs Dutch resolution seeking probe of Yemen conflict (English), AP (Big Story), September 28, 2015, by Jamey Keaten.
647. ↑ ^{a b} Did you know that the French government is benefiting from war in Yemen? , yourmiddleeast.com, October 2, 2015, by Olga Aymerich.
648. ↑ Amnesty International: UN resolution on Yemen fails to launch international investigation into war crimes (English), October 2, 2015. Translation: “This resolution reflects a shocking failure of the UN Human Rights Council in its commitment to justice and accountability sends the message that the international community does not really want to end the suffering of civilians in Yemen. "
649. ↑ Looking the Other Way in Yemen - The US allowed the Saudis to block a UN inquiry into the thousands of deaths in Yemen's civil war , theatlantic.com, October 2, 2015, by Adam Chandler.
650. ↑ Saudi Arabia is examining its own human rights violations in Yemen , derstandard.at, January 31, 2016 (APA).
651. ↑ Saudi-led Yemen coalition announces probe into possible abuses (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), January 31, 2016 (abh / mh / nbz / srm / hc).
652. ↑ MPs call for immediate halt of UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia - Kingdom's military campaign in Yemen also prompts all-party group to urge government to back international inquiry (English), theguardian.com, February 3, 2015, by Patrick Wintour.
653. ↑ Arms to Saudi Arabia: Philip Hammond's remarks on Yemen investigation are 'grossly inadequate' (English), amnesty.org.uk, November 11, 2015.
654. ↑ Statement by Adama Dieng, Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and Jennifer Welsh, Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect, on the situation in Yemen (16 February 2016) (English), reliefweb.int (United Nations), 16 February 2016 ( PDF ).
655. ↑ Yemen: Access constraints and people targeted for humanitarian assistance (as of 7 July 2015) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 7 July 2015 ( PDF ).
656. ↑ Yemen - Crisis - ECHO Daily Map - 14/09/2015 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), 14 September 2015 ( original ).
657. ↑ Yemen Crisis - Humanitarian Needs - ECHO Daily Map - 30/07/2015 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), July 30, 2015 ( PDF ).
658. ↑ Yemen - Crisis - ECHO Daily Map - 26/11/2015 (English), reliefweb.int (European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office), November 26, 2015.
659. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Pooled Fund - May 2015 (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 4, 2015 ( PDF ).
660. ↑ Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20 m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster (English). The Guardian, June 5, 2015, by Julian Borger.
661. ↑ Kuwait donates USD 300 million for Iraq, Yemen (English). Kuwait News Agency, June 10, 2015.
662. ↑ UN welcomes $ 300 million donation from Kuwait to humanitarian response in Iraq and Yemen . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 11, 2015 ( PDF ).
663. ↑ Yemen: Presence of Humanitarian Actors (as of 02 June 2015) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), as of June 2, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento of June 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )).
664. ^ War in Yemen - Geneva peace talks ended without result , nzz.ch, June 19, 2015.
665. ↑ ^{a b} UN declares highest-level aid emergency in Yemen ( memento of July 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English), France24, July 1, 2015.
666. ↑ ^{a b} Famine - UN announces highest emergency level for Yemen , welt.de, July 2, 2015.
667. ↑ ^{a b c} UN declares emergency level - Yemen is on the brink of famine , handelsblatt.com, July 2, 2015.
668. ↑ ^{a b c} 21 million people in need - UN declares highest emergency aid level for Yemen , tagesschau.de, July 2, 2015.
669. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: UN declares a humanitarian emergency , derstandard.at, July 1, 2015.
670. ↑ ^{a b} 'L3' 101: The basics of level 3 emergencies (English). International Rescue Committee, September 22, 2014 by Sayre Nyce and Patrick Duplat.
671. ↑ ^{a b c d e} UN struggling to raise desperately needed funds for war-torn Yemen (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 7, 2015.
672. ↑ United Nations on Yemen - only devastating numbers ( Memento from July 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, July 29, 2015, by Kai Clement.
673. ^ Yemen: Humanitarian Funding Update (as of September 30, 2015) . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), September 30, 2015 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF).
674. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Yemen: Humanitarian Funding Update (as of 27 August 2015) . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), August 27, 2015 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF).
675. ↑ ^{a b c d} Yemen: Humanitarian Funding Update (as of 13 August 2015) . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), August 13, 2015 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF).
676. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen: Humanitarian Funding Update (as of 19 August 2015) ( Memento from 26 August 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 19 August 2015.
677. ↑ Yemen: Humanitarian Dashboard (as of December 31, 2015) . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), January 20, 2016 (English); reliefweb.int (PDF).
678. ↑ ^{a b} Yemen humanitarian response plan requests US $ 1.8 billion to assist over 13 million people with live-saving assistance [EN / AR] . reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), February 18, 2016 (English) reliefweb.int (PDF).
679. ↑ ^{a b} Exclusive: Saudi Arabia Is Thwarting the Distribution of Emergency UN Aid in Yemen (English). news.vice.com, June 26, 2015, by Samuel Oakford.
680. ↑ Saudi Arabia and UN collaborate on Yemen aid ( Memento from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (English). saudiembassy.net (The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington, DC, USA), June 23, 2015.
681. ↑ ^{a b} "Real risk" of famine in Yemen as death toll passes 3,000 (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 7, 2015, by Joseph D'Urso.
682. ↑ Hunger as a weapon of war - Yemen threatens humanitarian catastrophe ( page 1 , page 2 ( memento from August 26, 2015 on WebCite )), Mannheimer Morgen, August 18, 2015, by Birgit Cerha.
683. ↑ Bomb it, fix it: Saudi aid to Yemen (English), IRIN, October 2, 2015, by Imogen Foulkes.
684. ↑ Humanitarian situation in Yemen - A country is starving - In the stranglehold of war, Yemen is sliding into a humanitarian catastrophe. The biggest problem, however, is not the money - but the Saudi-led military coalition ( memento from May 16, 2017 on WebCite ) , faz.net, April 29, 2017, by Christoph Ehrhardt (FAZ).
685. ↑ One billion for Yemen. Tagesschau, April 25, 2017, accessed on May 4, 2017 . 

Remarks

1. ↑ According to the UN definition, a region suffers from famine if at least two in 10,000 people starve to death every day. This threshold was last (as of 2017) reached in 2011 when a famine broke out in the Horn of Africa (Source: Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan - More ammunition than food - A humanitarian catastrophe looms in Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia and South Sudan. The crises are man-made: wars are fed, people starve , sueddeutsche.de, April 20, 2017, by Simon Conrad (text), Christian Endt (graphics) and Laura Terberl (video)).
2. ↑ If the UN sources differentiate between IDPs and IDP returnees who have been recorded as having returned to their provinces or within their provinces, both corresponding values ​​are listed here separately. The TFPM reports refer to those IDPs as “returnees” who, as reported to the TFPM, have moved and returned to their home or place of habitual residence voluntarily, safely, and with dignity. Due to possible methodological discrepancies, the decrease in the number of IDPs compared to previous TFPM reports does not necessarily exactly match the increase in returnees (source: Task Force on Population Movement, 8th Report, April 2016 , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), April 5, 2016 ( PDF )).
3. ↑ The thirteenth TFPM report only partially takes into account the most recent mass displacement at the time that occurred along the west coast of Yemen and in Dhamar province as a result of Operation Golden Spear , because the data gathering for the report was completed before it became the main body of the Displacement by the military operation had come.
4. ↑ The fourteenth TFPM report takes into account the most recent mass displacement at the time that occurred as a result of Operation Golden Spear along the west coast of Yemen because the data gathering for the report was completed after the bulk of the displacement by the military operation had occurred.
5. ↑ In mid-October 2015, the AFP news agency reported repeatedly without further details that around 4,500 civilians had been killed in the Yemen conflict since March 2015 (source: e.g. Yemen govt invited to UN-brokered peace talks: spokesman ( Memento from 19. October 2015 on Webcite ), Agence France-Presse, October 17, 2015 filed by the original ( Memento of 18 October 2015, Internet Archive ) on 19 October 2015; , Agence France-Presse, October 19, 2015 filed by the original on October 20, 2015).
6. ↑ ^{a b} This information contradicts earlier UN information, according to which 296 people had been killed and 1,295 others injured in the province of Sanaa between March 19 and July 29, 2015 - see: z. B. Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March – 29 July 2015, WHO EMRO, [undated], accessed on 9 August 2015, also: Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, March 19 - July 29, 2015 , reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), July 29, 2015 ( PDF ).