Operation Restoring Hope

Under the name Operation Restoring Hope (or: Renewal of Hope , German "Restoration of Hope" or "Renewed Hope" ), a military alliance led by Saudi Arabia announced a second phase of military intervention in Yemen , which began on April 22, 2015 . Egypt , Bahrain , Qatar , Kuwait and the United States are also participating in the military offensive in Yemen , which has been logistically supported by the United States of America , France and Great Britain and has been underway since March 26, 2015 as part of the military alliance led by Saudi Arabia Arab Emirates , Jordan , Morocco , Sudan and since May 2015 Senegal .

After the four-week air strikes of the first phase, called Operation Decisive Storm by the military alliance , the rebels had hardly lost any territory and continued to control the capital Sanaa and large parts of the country, while jihadist groups and tribal fighters allied with them had benefited from the Saudi-led military offensive and one hundred Kilometers of coastline on the Gulf of Aden. The President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi , de facto ostracized by the Yemeni rebels , and for whose reinstatement the military alliance carried out the offensive, was still in exile in Saudi Arabia. The World Health Organization warned of the imminent collapse of the health system in Yemen. In addition to the bombings and fighting during Operation Decisive Storm , the sea blockade of Yemen, which the Saudi-led military alliance is maintaining, is seen as responsible for the growth of the humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen .

Notwithstanding this, on April 21, 2015, the Saudi-led military alliance announced the cessation of air strikes and the end of Operation Decisive Storm for the night of April 22 as the political phase of the military intervention and stated that the military goals of the Saudi-led military alliance had been achieved The rebel military resources had been destroyed and a rebel threat to civilians, Saudi Arabia and its neighbors had been successfully averted. The aim of the second phase was stated to be to secure evacuations, prevent further Houthi attacks and protect civilians.

With the beginning of Operation Restoring Hope , the air strikes continued while the sea blockade of Yemen was maintained. The UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen condemned the air strikes of the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance in Yemen as a violation of international humanitarian law and explicitly denounced the declaration of Sa'da province as a "military target".

Peace talks brokered by the UN between Yemeni warring parties in Geneva in mid-June 2015 ended without an agreement on a ceasefire.

In a ceasefire brokered by the UN for mid-July 2015, which was hardly observed, militiamen loyal to the government, with the support of fighter planes and ships of the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition, recaptured parts of Aden from the Houthi rebels, whereupon - for the first time in three months - According to the government in exile, several ministers from the Hadi government, which fled into exile in Saudi Arabia, have returned to Aden.

prehistory

Houthi conflict

In the summer of 2014, after years of political chaos and violence in Yemen, the Houthi rebels had advanced on the capital Sanaa , reached it in September 2014 and unhindered by the military loyal to Salih and - with the support of those against the central government Tribes - taken. With the de facto capture of the city, the rebels also de facto overturned the central government and now controlled large parts of North Yemen as well as parts of Central and South Yemen. In January 2015 they also took the presidential palace. They subsequently dissolved parliament and expanded their influence in the west and the center. As they had done eleven years earlier, the Houthis tried to take advantage of the government's weakness and recapture the country. At the beginning of 2015, the Gulf Cooperation Council threatened the Houthi militias with measures to protect the Arabian Peninsula. After conquering 9 of the country's 21 provinces, the situation had worsened a few days before the military intervention. Hadi, who resigned as president in January 2015, fled to his hometown of Aden in early February 2015 , resigned on the day his term of office would have expired and Aden, where the Saudis had moved their embassy in the meantime, declared the state capital.

Operation Decisive Storm

When the city of Aden, which Hadi proclaimed the new state capital, threatened to fall, a Sunni military alliance of various Arab states formed by Saudi Arabia and under the leadership of Saudi Arabia had the initial phase of the logistical operation of the United States, France and Great Britain, known as Operation Decisive Storm Aided military intervention intervened and the air strikes in Yemen began on March 26, 2015, and the official aim of the military operation was to protect the “legitimate government of Yemen” from being taken over by the Houthi rebels. At the same time, at the end of March, Hadi fled from the Houthis advancing against Aden to Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, from where he tried to continue to rule. He was supported by some sections of the army (units loyal to him, government troops) as well as by Sunni tribal militias (volunteers from the south).

On the evening of April 21, 2015, the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition announced the end of its air strikes in Yemen, which, according to the spokesman for the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition, General Ahmed Assiri, allegedly "at the request of the Yemeni government and the President Abed Rabbo Mansur Hadi “was done. While the rebels had barely lost any territory despite the four-week airstrike, still controlled the capital Sanaa and large parts of the country, and the de facto disempowered President Hadi was still in exile in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian Defense Ministry claimed the operation Operation Decisive Storm ended because its military goals had been achieved.

With the new operation, Saudi Arabia announced a new phase of military intervention in Yemen, followed by Operation Restoring Hope . Assiri said air strikes on targets in Yemen would cease, but the army was reserving further "anti-terrorist operations" against the Houthi militias. A few hours after the declaration, on the night of April 21, 2015, President Hadi thanked his “Arab and Muslim brothers” from exile in Saudi Arabia in a speech to the Yemenis for their military operation against the Houthi rebels.

Regardless of the announcement of the end of the air strikes, remarks by the Saudi Arabian military spokesman, Brigadier General Ahmed Asseri, who said the military alliance would continue to prevent Houthi fighters from moving and becoming active within Yemen, suggested the military alliance could still take action against the Houthi militias. In a city like Aden, civilians must continue to be protected to prevent the rebels from continuing their operations. The Saudi Arabian ground and naval units would continue to guard the border with Yemen and prevent all supplies to the rebels. Saudi Arabia mobilized more security forces. The minister responsible, Mitab ben Abdallah , said that the National Guard , consisting mainly of ground troops and independent of the other armed forces , made up of 75,000 soldiers and 25,000 tribal fighters, was ready to fight “alongside the other troops”. On April 21, 2015, the Saudi Arabian King Salman ordered the mobilization of the National Guard, which should be placed in combat readiness for a possible deployment in Yemen.

In the period from March 26, 2015 until the end of Operation Decisive Storm was announced around four weeks later , the military coalition carried out several thousand air strikes on the Houthi rebels and their allies in the army. After the announced end of the military offensive, the Saudi ruling house and Saudi Arabian state television described it as “successful”, while the western media described it as “chaotic” (Christoph Sydow / Der Spiegel ). During the four-week bombing in Yemen, the Saudi Arabian military succeeded in destroying arsenals that had previously been captured by the Houthis, including a missile dump in Sanaa. However, the announced strategic goals had not been achieved and doubts about the planning, precision and success of the military operation were raised in the media for various reasons:

Despite the four-week air raid, the rebels barely lost any territory and continued to control the capital Sanaa and large parts of the country. The military might of the Houthi rebels and their ally, former Yemeni President Salih, had not been destroyed.
The de facto disempowered President Hadi was still in exile in Saudi Arabia. The goal of reinstating Hadi's old Yemeni government had not been achieved, nor did it seem near.
After the end of the military offensive, the largest province in the country, the Hadramaut, was almost completely in the hands of the terrorist group AQAP and allied tribal fighters. The jihadists had benefited from Saudi Arabia's air strikes and now control a stretch of coast several hundred kilometers long on the Gulf of Aden.
Governments dropped out of the military coalition of ten states that were supposed to take part in the war against the Houthis or only took part symbolically, such as Pakistan, Sudan and Morocco.
The ground invasion already announced as imminent by Saudi Arabia and Egypt did not materialize.
Only a few hours before the end of the military operation was announced, the Saudi King Salman had mobilized the Saudi National Guard, which had initially raised expectations that Saudi Arabia could launch a ground offensive or be used to secure the southern metropolis of Aden and its port facilities.
The humanitarian costs were considered too high. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 900 people, including hundreds of civilians, have been killed and 3,500 injured since the air strikes began. Saudi Arabia's air force also bombed refugee camps and - according to Human Rights Watch, possibly deliberately in the sense of a war crime - a food depot run by the aid organization Oxfam, which contained facilities for drinking water supply for thousands of families in Sa'da and whose exact location coordinates Oxfam had previously reported had indicated to the armed forces of the Saudi-led military coalition to avoid fire. The reason given by a US government official to the New York Times is that there had been a number of discussions between US, Saudi Arabia and UAE officials about ending the bombing in the days leading up to the end of the air offensive to: "The collateral damage is simply too great". According to the New York Times , contrary to the official Saudi Arabian account, in the days preceding the end of the military offensive, the US government pushed for Saudi Arabia to end the air strikes. According to the New York Times , US officials and diplomats for the Middle East should have admitted in private talks that the growing humanitarian catastrophe of the deaths of hundreds of civilians and the embargo on food, fuel, water and medicine are clearly a calculated factor in the Saudi calculation.

Operation Restoring Hope

Military intervention in Yemen 2015:
Deployed armed forces of Saudi Arabia and its allies
according to American Enterprise Institute , April 23, 2015
Country	Contribution to participation (according to your own information or commitment)
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia	100 fighter planes 14 ships
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates	30 fighter planes
Kuwait Kuwait	15 fighter planes
Egypt Egypt	12 fighter planes 4 ships
Qatar Qatar	10 fighter planes
Bahrain Bahrain	8 fighter planes
Jordan Jordan	6 fighter planes
Morocco Morocco	6 fighter planes
Sudan Sudan	3 fighter planes
United States United States	Provision of intelligence and logistical support as well as increased naval presence

On April 21, 2015, the Saudi leadership announced an end to the air strikes in the form carried out up until then, but the Saudi-led military alliance continued to bomb targets in Yemen in the days that followed, without it being clear which ones were being targeted Wise Saudi Arabia intended to achieve its officially stated goal of restoring Hadi. Instead of stopping the attacks as announced and working on a political solution as indicated, Saudi Arabia continued the air strikes in many parts of Yemen almost unabated. The Foreign Minister of the Yemeni government-in-exile, Hadi, revoked the end of Operation Decisive Storm and declared that the military operation would continue. The weeks of fierce fighting between Houthi rebels and their allied army units with the troops and militias of President Hadi, as well as the air strikes since the end of March by the Arab military alliance led by Saudi Arabia and supported by the US, continued during Operation Restoring Hope . In Aden, Taizz and Sanaa in particular, heavy fighting and air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition continued for weeks.

Just a few days after the start of Operation Restoring Hope, which was initially announced, observers began to speak of the most serious fighting of the military intervention of the Saudi-led military alliance in Yemen, which began at the end of March 2015. The spread of the fighting to more and more provinces and the use of increasingly heavy artillery during Operation Restoring Hope fueled fears that the war could spread across the border, according to media reports. As the Saudi-led military alliance's air strikes in Yemen continued, media reports reported that the Saudis appeared to be increasingly aggressive in empowering, training, and deploying proxy forces on the ground, particularly in Aden, including tribes that had long been allied with Saudi Arabia. Many civilians were hit while the Saudi Air Force tried to stop the Houthi advance on Aden. The bombing of airports and the blockade of the Yemeni ports also cut off the residents' supplies of food and fuel. Analysts expressed themselves increasingly critical of the Saudi-led military actions in Yemen and judged the conflict to be obviously deadlocked and not limited in time. With their criticism, they mainly responded to an outcry from the Yemeni population, who complained about the war as physically and psychologically destructive. Voices from the international press also reacted to the air strikes with growing criticism in the deadlocked situation. In a headline on April 24, 2015, the editorial board of the New York Times called the air strikes a “catastrophe” with Yemen approaching full “collapse” every day. Development workers such as the head of Doctors Without Borders , Marie-Elisabeth Ingres , expressed themselves in the same way .

Despite the efforts of the Saudi-led military alliance of Arab states, which was logistically supported by the USA, France and Great Britain, the Houthi did not seem to have been significantly weakened until the beginning of May. The civilian population increasingly suffered as a result of the conflict between Houthi rebels and supporters of Hadi. In addition, the population suffered from the bombardment by the Saudis and from the sea and air blockade by the Saudi-led military coalition, which prevented urgently needed food and medicine from entering the country. All major airstrips in Yemen had also been destroyed.

Six weeks after the start of the Saudi air war in Yemen, after strong diplomatic pressure from the US, Saudi Arabia agreed to a ceasefire for the first time, which it offered as a five-day "humanitarian break" and which should enable the transport of aid supplies for the people in need. While Hadi’s government-in-exile asked the “international community” to deploy ground troops, Kerry refused, pointing out that “neither Saudi Arabia nor the USA” had any idea of such a deployment. The Saudis' offer came at a time when the situation in Yemen was becoming increasingly dire. The air strikes by Saudi Arabia and its allies, which had been going on for more than six weeks, had not been able to stop the advance of the Houthi rebels, who instead had recently succeeded in conquering other parts of the city - with the presidential palace - in Aden. The Houthi still controlled a large part of Yemen. Shortly before the offer of a ceasefire, 22 aid organizations active in Yemen called for an immediate end to the air and sea blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia in order to be able to supply the suffering civilian population with food, fuel and medicine.

While the air strikes of the military operation initially announced by the Saudi Defense Ministry on April 21, 2015, lasted only one night in view of the advance of the Salih-backed Houthi militia, which rebels continued to control numerous cities and provinces despite all the bombardments, the war in Yemen began Since the beginning of the Saudi-waged air war , he had gradually expanded to include Ansar Allah's positions and had raised Human Rights Watch's allegations of the use of the internationally banned cluster munitions by Saudi Arabia, giving the impression that the goal of the Saudi monarchy, that of Ansar Allah, was disempowering To reinstate President Hadi, he can hardly be enforced. Even at the end of May 2015, after the peace talks set by the UN for May 28, 2015, had been postponed indefinitely - apparently due to the insistence of the Yemeni exile President Hadi - the Saudis seemed to be reaching their officially announced goal of the Yemeni government in exile again to bring power not to have come closer and continued to rely mainly on air strikes to weaken the Houthis, who with their allies still ruled the capital and had military presence in other major cities, including the port of Aden.

On July 16, anti-Houthi forces and fighters of the so-called popular resistance, with the support of Saudi Arabia and the UAE, took control of the port of Aden. On July 17, the Vice-President of the Yemeni government in exile, Khaled Bahah, declared Aden "liberated". On the same day, several ministers and secret service officials from the government-in-exile arrived in Aden and announced that Aden would be the military base for further operations. The Houthis and Salihs responded to this on July 19 with a new attack in the outskirts of Aden. On July 21, Houthi forces were again forced out of the city.

Announcement of the goals

With the announcement of the termination of Operation Decisive Storm by the Saudi-led military coalition, Saudi Arabia, as the leader of the military alliance against the Houthi rebels in Yemen, announced on the evening of April 21, 2015, at the same time the start of a new phase or operation of the Saudi Arab military intervention in Yemen with the name "Restoring Hope" (or "Renewal of Hope", German: "Restoration of Hope" or "Renewed Hope"). The political phase of the military intervention begins. Evacuations should be secured, further Houthi attacks prevented and civilians protected. The Saudi Arabian military spokesman, Brigadier General Ahmed Asseri, said the sea blockade would be maintained. According to Assiri, the rebels no longer pose a threat to civilians and their military resources have been destroyed. There was a threat to Saudi Arabia and its neighboring countries that was successfully averted.

However, Assiri did not rule out future air strikes on the rebels. He said: "We are not talking about a ceasefire". Operation Restoring Hope has a "military component" and will include monitoring the situation from the air and from sea. The Houthi militias were attacked "if they tried to harm civilians". During the operation, the military alliance is concentrating on anti-terrorism measures, aid and the political solution to the conflict in Yemen. The new phase is about securing evacuations, preventing further Houthi attacks and protecting civilians. According to the TV channel al-Arabiya , the focus of the new operation should be on security, counterterrorism and a political solution to the conflict in Yemen. What was actually meant by this remained open at first. Air strikes in Sanaa, Sa'da, Taizz and Aden against the Houthi militia and forces allied with them were reported on April 27, 2015.

The military intervention begins on April 22nd

Timeline of military operations and acts of violence

A few hours after the announcement on the evening of April 21, 2015, that the military intervention that had begun a month earlier would end with the four-week air strikes in Yemen on the night of April 22, 2015 and that attacks would only be carried out when this was “necessary” As the military operation had eliminated any threat to the security of Saudi Arabia and its neighbors, the Saudi-led military coalition again bombed positions of the Houthi rebels Taizz and Aden on April 22, 2015. According to local reports, the Shiite militia had previously occupied an important army headquarters in Taizz, where a brigade loyal to Hadi was stationed. In the cities of Aden, Huta and Daleh there was new fighting between units of Hadis and Houthi rebels. In Taizz in particular, there was fierce street fighting. In total, Saudi Arabian fighter jets flew at least twelve sorties on April 22, 2015. A spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition said the Yemeni government asked for the renewed attacks after the rebels took an important army headquarters in Taizz.

On May 7, 2015, the US company SITE, which specializes in monitoring Islamist websites, announced that Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi - an AQAP leader who claimed responsibility for the attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in an internet video in January 2015 - and other Islamist fighters were apparently killed in a US drone air strike in Mukalla on the night of April 22, 2015, according to a video posted on Twitter by AQAP.

On April 23, 2015, the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia continued its air strikes on the Houthi rebels in Yemen and, according to local residents, bombed towns north of Aden, near the capital Sanaa, and tanks. Houthi positions near Taizz and in Jarim were also bombed. The US did not participate in the Saudi-led military coalition in Yemen that continued after the ban on the attack was announced, according to media reports. According to the rebels, the air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition targeted the government district in Aden with the rebel-controlled presidential palace, as well as the rebel-controlled air base Al-Anad north of Aden.
On April 26, 2015, fighting between Houthi rebels and pro-government troops in Yemen broadened. Observers spoke of the heaviest fighting since the Saudi Arabian military alliance intervened in Yemen at the end of March 2015. New battles were reported from several cities such as Sanaa, Aden and Taizz, as well as the provinces of Dalea and Sa'da. According to eyewitness reports, the Saudi air force again intervened on the side of Sunni militias fighting the Houthis. Among other things, Saudi Arabia and its allies attacked the presidential palace in Sanaa, the first air strikes on Sanaa since the military alliance announced it would reduce its attacks on the Houthis. In addition, according to eyewitnesses, foreign warships attacked Houthi positions in Aden, which was the first time that the trading port was shelled. In Aden itself there were violent clashes between Houthis and soldiers, with insiders also using tanks and Katyusha missiles for the first time, with which a Sunni militia is said to have taken action against the Houthis.
While the Saudi air force bombed positions of the Houthi rebels in the southern Yemeni provinces of Shabwa and Dhale on April 27, 2015, eyewitness reports indicate that the rebels advanced on the provincial capital of Dhale, which was held by Hadi supporters. According to eyewitness reports from both provinces, air strikes were also carried out on April 27 against troops loyal to Salih who are fighting alongside the Houthis.
On April 28, 2015, Saudi Arabia bombed Sana'a airport and destroyed the runway of the airport, which has been controlled by Houthi rebels since January 2015, was used by both commercial and military aircraft, and at the start of the Saudi-led military intervention in late March 2015 was the target of the first bombing raids. The Saudi Arabian military coalition officially justified the attack on April 28, 2015 through its spokesman by saying that it wanted to prevent the landing of an Iranian aircraft - according to other reports of two Iranian aircraft - whose pilot - or its pilots - the airspace of Yemen injured and ignored several warnings - or would have. Another report dated April 28, 2015, portraying the spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition, General Ahmed Asseri, said the plane had been allowed to fly into Yemen via Saudi Arabia, but then over an unauthorized route elected Oman. According to Asseri, in order to prevent the landing, the Saudi-led military coalition had to destroy the runway, whereupon the plane returned to Iran. Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Defense justified the air strikes by stating that the plane had already been approaching and had tried to deliver monkeys to the Houthi militia on behalf of Iran. On the other hand, an airport official said in consistent reports that no Iranian plane wanted to land in Sanaa. The runway was so destroyed by the attack by the Saudi-led military coalition that planes with relief supplies could no longer land. According to a Middle East Eye report, a “Yemeni official” told the online news portal that the airstrike reversed two Iranian planes flying over Oman to Yemen, with medical supplies on board and entering Yemeni airspace in the morning forced. Iran had previously announced its intention to take the flights, but Saudi Arabia viewed this as aggression. In addition to the attack on the airport in Sanaa, the Saudi-led military coalition carried out again air strikes in the province of Marib and near the cities of Taizz and Hodeida.
The Saudi-led military alliance continued its bombing on April 29, 2015, which, according to representatives of government-loyal troops in southern Yemen, mainly targeted the Houthi bases in Aden and the Khor Maksar district bordering the international airport and the Dar Saad district. In Aden, one of the few remaining strongholds of Hadi, militias loyal to the Hadi government and Houthi rebels fought the most violent fighting since the end of March, according to residents, with the focus of the fighting in the Khor Maksar district. Accordingly, the militias and rebels deployed tanks on the night of April 30th and shot themselves with mortar shells. According to reports, houses were set on fire, women and children perished in the flames and many civilians were killed on the streets by snipers or tank shelling.
Dozens of people were killed, most of them civilians, in Saudi air strikes and fighting between hostile local militias in Yemen on April 30 and May 1:

On May 1, 2015, Saudi Arabia accused the Houthi rebels of entering its territory and provoking a battle. According to the Saudi Arabian Defense Ministry, Houthi fighters are said to have advanced into Saudi Arabian territory in the Najran area on the night of May 1 , which led to a battle and the intervention of the Saudi Arabian Air Force in which three Saudi Arabians Arab soldiers and dozens of Houthis were killed. In previous border incidents since the beginning of the Saudi-led military intervention, according to Saudi Arabia, eleven Saudi Arabian soldiers had been killed. In western media, when the official Saudi Arabian information about the border incident from the night of May 1st was reported, the Houthi rebels had "attacked Saudi checkpoints at the border", they had "attacked Saudi territory for the first time", the "Saudi Arabian ground forces had repulsed the attack on observation posts on the southern border near the city of Najran", and it was a "Houthi major attack" and "the most extensive attack to date by the Houthi rebels".

On May 3, 2015, the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition in Aden, according to media reports, dropped a special unit with several dozen soldiers, whose exact task was initially not clear. Arab media quoted Yemeni officers as saying that the task force's aim was to find a suitable place for the establishment of a heavily secured “ green zone ” where the exiled government could return. According to journalists in Aden, these may have been Yemeni soldiers who had been trained in Saudi Arabia. In Aden, local Sunni militias defended themselves against the advance of the Houthi rebels. According to the TV station al-Arabiya, which is financed by Saudi Arabia, Yemeni troops loyal to Hadi arrived in Aden with the task of "organizing the struggle of the local militias". The arrival of the landing party had also sparked speculation that a Saudi ground offensive had begun. The leader of a Yemeni militia loyal to the Hadi government retracted his previous statement that the fighters who had landed were not Yemenis.
According to UN information on May 4, 2015, the bombing of the Saudi-led military coalition on the international airport in Sanaa and their attacks on its runways in the course of the previous week had rendered the tarmacs unusable for air traffic. According to eyewitness reports, several airliners and cargo planes were devastated. The airport had been closed for weeks because of the fighting.
According to the media, the Houthi rebels fired grenades on the Saudi border town of Najran on May 5, 2015. The Saudi military claimed to have responded to the "provocation" and attacked Houthi positions in northern Yemen with attack helicopters. The Saudi military spokesman announced that Saudi Arabia reserves the right to further counterattacks. At this point in time, the Saudi army had been on the alert for weeks on the border with Yemen.

At the beginning of May 2015, media reported that rebels captured the Chor Maksar district on the isthmus in Aden. In an article in the Nordwest-Zeitung that appeared online without an author's name, it was alleged that rebels searched the houses for known militia leaders and Hadi supporters. A security officer reported anonymously about shootings on the street.

On May 6, 2015, fighting was reported across Yemen, with at least 120 fatalities in Aden, according to the conflicting parties. The military coalition led by Saudi Arabia flew further attacks on the rebels in Aden, but also in Marib, Sa'da and Dhamar. The Saudi-led military coalition carried out over 30 air strikes in northern Yemen.

The Houthi rebels brought other strategically important districts under their control in Aden and took the presidential palace. According to the military authorities, after heavy fighting with soldiers loyal to the government-in-exile, they conquered large parts of the Tawahi district, which was considered one of the last retreats for Hadi's supporters and where the most important port of Yemen and the presidential palace were.

On May 7, 2015, following talks with US Secretary of State John Kerry and strong US diplomatic pressure, Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubair offered a five-day “humanitarian break” in Yemen, while Kerry was credited with being instrumental in the Saudis' decision who urged rebels to accept the offer. Kerry described the ceasefire offer as a significant opportunity to alleviate the humanitarian crisis. Despite the offer of a ceasefire, Saudi Arabia and its allies continued air strikes in Yemen. According to a report by the official Saudi Arabian news agency SPA, attacks on Houthi targets in Sa'da province took place on May 7th, and according to residents in the city of Sa'da, the tomb of the founder of the Shiite militia, Hussein al -Huthi, was damaged. According to local residents, there was also heavy shell fire along the border with Saudi Arabia. The spokesman for the Saudi-led military alliance announced retaliation for the Houthi rebels for multiple attacks on Saudi Arabian territory that resulted in eight deaths, in which three people were killed by projectiles from Yemen on May 5 and five on May 6. The spokesman said the militia would have to pay a "high price" and that Saudi Arabia's security was "the coalition's top priority."
On the night of May 8, 2015 and on the morning of it, the Saudi-led military alliance bombed targets in Aden, according to residents. Also in the night of May 8th and in the early morning hours, the city of Sa'da was hit by over 50 air strikes, according to Yemeni authorities.

On May 8, 2015, Saudi state media reported that the Saudi-led military coalition had given residents near the Saudi border city of Sa'da an ultimatum to leave the area by dark. The Saudi-led military coalition has declared the city, which is considered a stronghold of the Houthi rebels, and the entire province as a "military target". The Saudi Foreign Minister, Adel al-Jubair, described the Yemeni city's declaration as a "military target" as a response to cross-border aggression and accused the Houthis of attacking and killing civilians in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government announced a tough reaction. A few hours later and shortly after Saudi planes dropped leaflets over Sa'da asking the population to leave the area by sundown (literally: "From 7 p.m. Sa'da is a legitimate military target"), the Saudi-led military alliance attacked According to the Saudi state media, Houthi positions were held in Sa'da province late in the evening of May 8, including three headquarters of rebel leader Abdulmalik al-Houthi. Local residents reported a mass exodus.

A few hours after the Saudi-led military coalition declared the city of Sa'da a “military target”, John Kerry and Adel al-Jubair unilaterally announced the start of the five-day “humanitarian break” for May 12, 2015. Kerry indicated that the Saudi-led military coalition would allow smaller offensives during the break. Al-Jubair said the ceasefire could be extended depending on the reaction of the Houthi rebels. He hoped "that the Houthis will come to their senses and agree to the ceasefire" and urged them to end the fighting. The truce would end if the Houthis or their allies did not do it justice. This is a way for the Houthis to show that they care about their people and the Yemeni people. At the same time, Saudi Arabia announced that it would strike hard until a possible ceasefire in the Houthi heartland.

After the Yemeni aviation authority announced on May 8, 2015 that the runway of the Sanaa airport, which had been paralyzed by the bombing of the Arab military coalition since the end of April, would be repaired in order to enable aid flights to supply the needy population, the runway was destroyed by several air strikes According to eyewitnesses, the runway and runway were again shot at during air strikes under Saudi command and hit by two missiles on May 9th.

According to UN information from OCHA, the Saudi-led coalition's air strikes in Sa'da hit various areas, including the government site and the al-Majbalah market. On May 9, 2015, air strikes, shell fire and serious clashes also took place in eight other districts, and the air strikes in the provinces of Amran and Hajjah continued.

The Saudi-led military alliance continued its attacks eyewitness accounts on the morning of May 10, 2015 with air strikes on the residence of former President Saleh in Sanaa. According to the Yemeni news agency Chabar, the Salih and his family were unharmed.

According to media reports on May 10, 2015, the spokesman for the wing of the Yemeni military allied with the Houthi rebels, Sharaf Lukman, accepted the five-day cease-fire proposed by Saudi Arabia. The soldiers loyal to Salih have agreed to a humanitarian ceasefire, and the ceasefire will end the “tyrannical” sea blockade against Yemen and enable relief supplies. A spokesman for the Houthi rebels also signaled cautious approval for a ceasefire, but without explicitly referring to the Saudi Arabian proposal. He said the Houthi rebels welcomed any ceasefire that would allow access to aid supplies for the population. Mohamed al-Bukhaiti, a senior Houthi official, told the BBC that the ceasefire had not been formally proposed and the Houthis would not respond until a precise plan was presented.

Sanaa, May 11, 2015 air strike

On May 11, 2015, one day before the planned start of the ceasefire, media reports reported that Saudi Arabian troops and Houthi rebels fought fierce artillery duels across the border. According to their own statements, the rebels fired rockets and grenades at the Saudi Arabian cities of Jisan and Najran. Previously, according to the rebels, Saudi Arabia is said to have fired more than 150 rockets at the Yemeni provinces of Sa'da and Hajjah . In addition, according to the rebels, Saudi Arabian warplanes attacked Houthi positions in the city of Taizz and in the oil province of Marib. In addition, the Houthi rebels reportedly shot down an F-16 fighter jet belonging to the Saudi-led military coalition in Sa'da province , which had recently been reported missing by Morocco, which is part of the Arab military coalition. According to media reports, Saudi Arabia moved tanks to the border with Yemen.

An arms and ammunition depot near Sanaa was also hit in air strikes by the Arab military coalition on May 11, 2015. According to eyewitnesses, the two attacks targeted a Houthi rebel depot on Nogom Hill, east of the city, where columns of smoke rose.

According to media reports, on May 12, 2015, the Saudi Air Force bombed targets in Sanaa “practically at the last minute before the ceasefire” at 10 p.m. CEST . According to information from security sources, the air strikes were aimed at weapons stores and other military facilities north and south of Sanaa, including the international airport. According to reports from local residents, the heavy air strikes in the Jabal Nukum district targeted a Houthi rebel weapons depot. According to a report by the Houthis-controlled Saba news agency, which was initially not independently verified, 90 people were said to have been killed and 300 injured. According to security sources, heavy fighting between rebels and troops loyal to Hadi are said to have taken place in the city of Taizz. The air strikes ended shortly after the departure of the new UN special envoy for Yemen, Ismail Ould Sheikh Ahmed, to Sanaa, who, according to media reports, wanted to meet representatives of the conflicting parties there, including the Houthi rebels.
According to initial reports from Yemen, on May 13, 2015, the conflicting parties initially appeared to be largely adhering to the agreed ceasefire.
In the south of Yemen in particular, heavy fighting took place over several days, with dozens of dead. The Houthi militia suffered a military defeat for the first time since the two-month fighting. According to media reports, according to reports from residents and opponents of the Houthis on May 25, 2015, Sunni militias or tribal fighters succeeded in capturing an important military base in the district of al-Dhalea after the two-month skirmishes in which large parts of Dhalea were destroyed and the rebels largely moved from Dhalea to evict. Around 40 Houthis were killed. Still, the rebels seemed to have the upper hand. According to Reuters, the militias are said to have been a loosely connected group of fighters who call themselves Southern Resistance . In the city of Taizz, the rebels repelled the attacks. Saudi Arabia and its allies continued to launch heavy air strikes against the rebel militia, including a home of Ahmed Salih, son of former President Ali Abdullah Salih.
On May 27, 2015, Arab fighter planes and warships fired on Yemen's largest military port in Hodaida. According to a representative of the authorities, the port facilities of the city, which like the local military were allied with the Houthi rebels, were badly damaged and two warships were partially destroyed. According to media reports, it was the worst attack on the Yemeni navy since Saudi Arabia began its military offensive in Yemen at the end of March 2015.
On May 29, 2015, media reported that fierce fighting broke out near the Aden airport when local militias attacked Houthi rebels and Saudi-led forces carried out air strikes on a military base near the airport. Aden airport, the economic center of Yemen, had been closed since the beginning of the fighting in Yemen, but the port in Aden offered sporadic access for urgently needed humanitarian aid from abroad. Forces loyal to Houthis and Salih were concentrated in Aden in the districts of Khor Maksar, Crater and Moalla.
On the night of June 6, 2015, there was fierce fighting along the Saudi-Arabian border. The Al-Arabija station spoke of the “heaviest attack” that the Houthis and the Republican Guard allied with them had carried out up to this point.
On June 6, 2015, the rebels shot down a Scud missile on Saudi Arabia for the first time . The target of the ballistic missile, which was intercepted by the Saudi Arabian military with two Patriot missiles, was the city of Khamis Al-Mushait with the largest air force base in southern Saudi Arabia. The shelling was seen as evidence that the Houthi rebels continued to have heavy weapons despite the air strikes.
On June 7, 2015, according to the rebel-controlled Saba news agency, an air raid by the Saudi-led military alliance against a base of the Yemeni army mainly targeted the building in which the high command was located.
On June 8, 2015, the rebels in Aden had been trying for five days to gain access to Buraiqa, a strategic area of the city with an oil refinery and port.
Since June 13, 2015, AQAP has been broadcasting a video statement by Khaled Batarfi on the Internet, announcing the death of Nasser al-Wuhayshi, the head of AQAP, in a US attack. According to unconfirmed media reports, Wuhayshi had been hit by a US drone the day before. Within a few months, the US had killed four prominent AQAP representatives.
On June 14, 2015, shortly before the peace negotiations in Geneva, which were scheduled for June 15, the Houthi rebels succeeded, according to residents, in the city of al-Hasm, an important provincial capital near the border with Saudi Arabia Dschauf) to take.
Troops from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, the number of which is estimated in the media at up to 3,500, have been in Aden and the surrounding area since the beginning of July 2015, according to media reports from August 2015, and were allegedly preparing an advance northwards. The Saudis then brought troops and military equipment across their southern border to reinforce the anti-Houthi fighters in Marib.
On the night of July 5 to 6, 2015 - while the UN special envoy Ahmed was meeting with representatives of the party at another location in the capital to discuss a ceasefire - the Saudi-led military coalition attacked targets in Sanaa and bombed the headquarters of the General People's Congress, according to the party, several employees and security guards were killed.
On July 8, 2015, according to information from army circles near the border with Saudi Arabia, fighter planes of the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia intervened when "dozen soldiers defected" and pledged their support to the Houthi rebels. Western media reports spoke of "mutiny" or desertion. According to information from army circles, there were then fights with soldiers loyal to the government. Armored vehicles and troop carriers were destroyed or damaged in the air strikes and the fighting before the situation was brought under control. According to residents, there was fierce fighting between rebels and troops loyal to the government in the South Yemeni port city of Aden. According to the rebel-controlled news agency sabanews.net, there was also a prison breakout in the area of the prison in Mahawit province, in which around 40 prisoners escaped after fighter jets of the Saudi-led military coalition had attacked the area.
The ceasefire agreed for mid-July 2015 until the end of the fasting month of Ramadan was practically ignored. According to media reports, on July 14, 2015 the Houthi rebels, with the support of fighter planes and ships of the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition, lost control of Aden International Airport and parts of the Khor Maksar district to militiamen loyal to the government. Local journalists and the newspaper Aden al-Ghad reported that militias of the "Southern Resistance" had taken the airport in the embattled port city with the help of Saudi air raids and also largely pushed the Houthis out of a neighboring district. The loss of the airport meant the rebels' worst defeat in the war in months. On the morning of July 15, fighters of the so-called popular resistance pushed forward according to media reports in the Crater district, which was previously held by the rebels and where the presidential palace of Aden is located. According to the popular resistance, they took control of the governor's seat in the Mualla district. After the port and airport of Aden were recaptured, several of their ministers returned to Aden - for the first time in three months - according to the Hadi government in exile. A representative of the Yemeni government in exile said on July 16 that interim president Hadi had sent the delegation. Before the end of Ramadan, the Yemeni government in exile reported to Hadi that the military campaign had broken through, during which the ceasefire announced a few days earlier was no longer mentioned. The actual military situation was difficult to assess. There were various non-verifiable messages. The Wall Street Journal reported on July 17th that soldiers from the UAE had fought against the Houthis in Aden. In addition, it was said that AQAP fighters were also involved in the fighting, according to which the AQAP celebrated the victory, in which the bodies of Houthis were displayed. According to daily reports from the neoconservative American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a 300-man Yemeni unit newly established in Saudi Arabia was involved in the offensive against Aden. The UAE is said to have made armored personnel carriers available for the operation, the number of which is stated by observers to be between 40 and 100. The attackers are said to have come from the sea with the help of Saudi warships. In fact, Aden fell to the Southern Resistance because the Hadi were not politically connected to loyal military forces and the militias of the Southern Resistance, despite the pragmatic cooperation in the reconquest of Aden, and Hadi was the internationally recognized President of Yemen, but the Southern Resistance was the strongest physical power was on site.
On the night of July 17-18, 2015, according to residents and officials of the government-in-exile, local fighters and army forces in Yemen captured two army bases defended by Houthi forces: Yemeni forces supported by the Saudis captured the Labuza army base with air support Lahij Province and the headquarters of the 117th Armored Division in Shabva Province. Representatives of the anti-Houthi forces said the offensive had been planned for weeks and had benefited from training and arms deliveries from Saudi Arabia and the UAE. By decree, exiled President Hadi named the main thoroughfare in Aden on July 18 as a gesture of thanks after the Saudi Arabian King Salman. The Islamic State of Yemen published a statement and several photos online on July 18, stating for the first time that it took part in the clashes in Aden. The Houthis said their military campaign in Aden was aimed at removing hard-line Islamist militias and a corrupt government.
Despite the assurances given by the Yemeni government in exile on July 17, 2015 that it had regained control of Aden, the fighting continued there. The Houthi rebels continued to control some parts of the city. Shortly after the Yemeni government in exile announced the “liberation” of Aden, eyewitnesses in the city of Aden reported that the fighting and the continued control of parts of the city by the Houthi rebels had continued. On the night of July 19, according to the military, the fighters of the popular resistance and their allies achieved success in Tawahi district, which, like the presidential seat, was still largely controlled by the Houthi rebels. According to the military, the "government-loyal troops" had also approached the headquarters of the fourth military division. They were supported by air strikes by the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition on rebel positions in Tawahi.
On July 20, 2015, ISIS attacked several times in Sanaa. A car bomb detonated in front of a Shiite mosque visited by Houthis, killing at least 5 people. Another car bomb detonated in a police station, killing 5 people.
On July 21, 2015, the forces of the Houthis were again pushed out of Aden.
In Taizz, the fighting continued through Ramadan.
On July 22, 2015, media reports took hold of pro-government forces recaptured the Presidential Palace in Aden and a Saudi military plane landed at the reopened Aden Airport.
According to media reports, the Houthi withdrew from Atak in mid-August 2015 and gave up their last positions in South Yemen. The withdrawal of the Houthis had taken place after an agreement with a local separatist leader, who granted the Houthis safe conduct. In Yemen a territorial equilibrium was created: the Houthi and the followers of Salih, who are still allied with them, ruled the north of Yemen, while the south was controlled by various anti-Houthi groups allied with the military alliance led by Saudi Arabia . According to the media, the withdrawal of the Houthi from the south enabled them to concentrate their troops on the old border between North and South Yemen. In some skirmishes along this line they inflicted heavy defeats on their opponents.

The Saudi air strikes in Yemen continued.

After the Houthis withdrew from Aden under pressure from so-called "pro-government forces" and the "government recaptured the city", the AQAP expanded its presence in Aden and militant Islamist groups took control of parts of Aden on August 22, 2015, including the Main port and several government buildings. The AQAP brought important parts of the Adens under their control. Senior security officials announced on August 22 that al-Qaeda fighters had occupied the Tauahi neighborhood, which also includes the presidential palace and port, and were patrolling the streets. There had previously been several bomb attacks on government buildings in Aden and Hadramaut. In Aden, the four-story headquarters building of the secret police was reportedly completely destroyed in a bomb attack. A representative of the authorities blamed AQAP, which occupied the headquarters in early August 2015 and destroyed police records. In addition, after the withdrawal of the Houthi rebels from the south north of Aden, fighting broke out between militias and fighters of the Southern Resistance (Hirak) in competition for control. According to later media reports, the occupation of the central Tawahi district in Aden by al-Qaida fighters lasted several hours.
On August 26, 2015, the media reported that Saudi ground troops had entered Yemen for the first time since the beginning of the military intervention. The Arab news channel Al-Arabija reported that the Saudi soldiers had advanced a few kilometers into Saada province to prevent Houthi rebels from shooting at Saudi Arabia across the border. According to media reports, the Saudi-led military coalition carried out the heaviest air strikes in weeks on targets in Sanaa and the mountains, where numerous military installations were located. The Houthi rebels had previously fired a Scud rocket from Sanaa at a power station near the city of Jazan . Houthis had previously advanced into Saudi territory, destroying several Saudi tanks and killing a general.
The Saudi-led military coalition, after defeating the Houthi rebels in Aden, positioned its troops to march against Sanaa, which the Houthi rebels still control. At Taizz, the Saudi tried to break the bolt that the Houthi rebels and troops loyal to Salih had put around the city, which had been bitterly contested for weeks. Saudi military planes bombed Houthi positions and regularly hit civilian targets. Although the anti-Houthi coalition had brought sizeable troops to Taizz to support the local militiamen, the rebels held their positions and blocked the way to Sanaa.

Meanwhile, the south of the country, wrested from the rebels, grew increasingly out of control. Various militias, including associations controlled by al-Qaida, were active in southern Yemen. After the Houthi rebels were driven out, uncertainty spread in Aden. The withdrawal of regular troops from the Saudi-led military coalition, which included Yemenis as well as soldiers from the UAE and Saudi Arabia, left Aden to the local militiamen, who essentially belonged to three groups: the South Yemeni separatists, the Islah party - which of the Muslim Brotherhood and Salafists - as well as the AQAP. Shootings with often unclear participation have been reported on social networks for weeks.

Fatalities

On April 30, 2015, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon stated that over 1,200 people had been killed in the previous six weeks.

At least 92 people were killed in air strikes and fighting in southern Yemen during the first two days of Operation Restoring Hope . According to information from rebel circles, these included 46 rebels who were killed in air strikes by the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia and in fighting with Hadi supporters, as well as eight Hadi supporters according to a doctor in Aden, and finally according to information from government representatives Hadi 38 people killed in fighting in the southern cities of Daleh and Loder. According to reports from April 26, 2015, soldiers from the Hadi government said at least 25 Houthi supporters and six members of the Hadi armed forces were killed in fighting in Dalea province.

UNHCHR spokesman Rupert Colville stressed on April 24, 2015 that after the official end of Operation Decisive Storm, which was officially announced by the Saudi-led military coalition, 40 civilians, including seven children, were killed in an air strike on a bridge on April 22. Of the more than 1,000 fatalities in the fighting and bombing in Yemen by the beginning of May 2015, according to the UN, around half were civilians.

Muhamasheen as a victim of Saudi air strikes

One day after an air strike in Sanaa in July 2015, impoverished Yemeni families saw no opportunity to rebuild their homes

Neighborhood in Sanaa where over 100 buildings have been damaged and has drawn attention from neighboring communities to the plight of the Muhamasheen

According to UNICEF, the fringe group “black” Yemenis, traditionally called Akhdam (“slaves”) or, in recent years, Muhamasheen (“marginalized”) by human rights groups, is particularly hard hit by Saudi air strikes due to their poor living conditions and lack of tribal and social support mechanisms .

The Saudi Arabia-led military alliance bombed a residential area in Sanaa on the night of May 1, killing at least 20 residents according to reports from hospital doctors and at least 14 civilians according to information from authorities and eyewitnesses, and according to eyewitness reports, several houses were destroyed by the bombs were. According to other reports, 26 civilians were allegedly killed in the air strike in the Sawaan district of Sanaa on April 30, 2015. In Aden, Houthis and pro-government militias fought heavy fighting, in which at least 21 people were killed, among them 13 civilians, according to eyewitness reports.

According to OHCHR information on May 5, 2015, houses had been destroyed in the previous days by air strikes reportedly belonging to Houthi people. On May 1 , at least 17 civilians, including four children and nine women, and dozens other civilians were injured in an air strike reportedly on the home of a Houthi leader in Sa'wan, Sanaa province . At least 22 civilians were killed in two other incidents in Aden. Further air strikes hit a military field hospital 40 kilometers north of Taizz, with a death toll that has not been independently confirmed due to access restrictions.

According to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) on May 5, 2015, at least 646 civilians, including 50, were killed as a result of the conflict in Yemen between the start of the Arab-led air strikes on March 26 and May 3, 2015 Women and 131 children. In addition, more than 1,364 civilians were injured. In addition, according to the OHCHR information, there was severe destruction of the civil infrastructure in many areas of the country, including houses.

On May 6, 2015, the conflicting parties reported over 120 fatalities in Aden, most of them civilians. Dozens of civilians were killed when a boat was hit by a shell during fighting between Houthi rebels and local Hadi supporters in the port of Aden, carrying around 50 people who had attempted to leave the combat zone by sea. An official from the Ministry of Health blamed the rebels for the shelling. On the night of May 6, 2015, around 30 Houthi rebels and ten local supporters of the President were killed in combat in another district of Aden, according to residents and rescue workers. According to a representative of the Aden health authority on May 6, 2015, 32 dead and 67 injured were admitted to the Aden hospitals. According to the UN, 1,527 people had died as a result of the conflict and 6,266 were registered as injured by May 6, 2015. At least 646 civilians had lost their lives by then.

After Saudi media reports on May 6, 2015 and official Saudi data, four Saudis were killed on the border with Yemen in Najran by rocket and mortar fire by the Houthi rebels, the following day the Saudi military reacted with new bombings on targets in the province Sa'da, the heartland of the Houthis, which according to local reports killed at least 34 civilians, including 27 members of a single family.

As of May 6, 2015, according to UN figures, 1,527 people had died as a result of the conflict and 6,266 were injured. At least 646 civilians had lost their lives. The UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen, Johannes Van der Klaauw, stated in a statement on May 7 that in the six weeks since the conflict escalated in Yemen, over 1,400 people have been killed and nearly 6,000 injured in air strikes and ground fighting are, including many civilians.

According to UN evaluations, the period from 4 to 10 May 2015 turned out to be the deadliest phase since the beginning of the fighting in Yemen on March 26, with at least 182 civilians killed, half of whom were children and Women were. According to the UN, around half of the fatalities in this phase were reported as victims of air strikes, especially in Sa'ada province. Other civilians had been killed by shell fire and during fighting between the two sides in at least five provinces ( Taizz , Abyan , Dhale and Aden ) or by snipers .

Sanaa, May 11, 2015 air strike

Registered victims of the conflict in Yemen per province (March 19 - July 29, 2015) UN data (WHO EMRO) according to reports from health facilities The UN is expecting high numbers of unreported cases . Raw data source: Yemen health cluster
Province:		Number:
Abyan	18th
	190
Aden	974
	8,476
al-Baida '	72
	310
ad-Dali '	128
	169
al-Huddaida	121
	365
al-Jauf	36
	65
al-Mahra	0
	0
al-Mahwit	3
	11
Amanat Al Asimah	318
	2,190
Amran	123
	258
Dhamar	35
	104
Hadramaut	120
	232
Hajjah	298
	692
Ibb	98
	219
Lahij	137
	275
Ma'rib	138
	510
Raima	5
	1
Sa'da	593
	776
Sanaa	296
	1,295
Shabwa	59
	129
Socotra	0
	0
Ta'izz	654
	4,680
Legend: killed injured

Amanat Al Asimah / Sanaa : 614

Abyan : 18

Adan : 974

al-Baida ' : 72

ad-Dali ' : 128

al-Hudaida : 121

al-Jauf : 36

al-Mahra : 0

al-Mahwit : 3

ʿAmrān : 123

Dhamar : 35

Hadramaut : 120

Hajjah : 298

Ibb : 98

Lahij : 137

Ma'rib : 138

Raima : 5

Sa'da : 593

Shabwa : 59

Socotra : 0

Ta'izz : 654

Distribution of the fatalities of the conflict (March 19 - July 29, 2015) among the provinces
Legend

::> 901

: 601 - 900

: 301 - 600

: 1 - 300

: no deaths reported

According to initial media reports, the number of victims in air strikes by the Arab military coalition on May 11, 2015 on an arms and ammunition depot near Sanaa was estimated at at least five deaths.

On May 13, 2015, Human Rights Watch reported that since May 5, 2015, pro-Houthi forces had apparently indiscriminately fired dozen artillery rockets from northern Yemen into southern Saudi Arabia, killing at least 12 civilians and over one, according to Saudi government sources Dozen others were injured.

Despite the five-day ceasefire in May, the death toll in Yemen continued to rise, with civilians disproportionately affected by the fighting. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over 2,000 people had been killed in Yemen, around half of whom were civilians, according to OHCHR.

On May 21, 2015, two reporters Abdallah Qabel (Yemen Youth TV and Belqees TV) and Youssef Al-Aizari (Suhail TV) were reportedly killed in an air strike by the Saudi-led military coalition while the seismological center in Jabal Hiran was destroyed. The two reporters were kidnapped on May 20 while trying to cover a meeting held by anti-Houthi rebel tribes in the Al-Hadi district of Dhamar. On May 21, the families of the two journalists alerted international human rights organizations and news channels about the kidnapping and asked for help with their early release. According to the families, Houthi rebels intercepted the two journalists together with activist Hussein Al-Ayssi at a military checkpoint, searched them and confiscated their equipment. Reporters Without Borders blamed the Houthi rebels for the deaths of the two journalists in the air strike by the Saudi-led military coalition and spoke of the hostage-taking .

The end of May 2015 saw the deadliest days of the two-month fighting so far, when Saudi-led air strikes killed over 80 people on May 27 alone, half of whom were civilians. On May 27, 2015, air strikes by the Saudi Arabian Alliance in the border area with Saudi Arabia and in a densely populated area in the city of Sanaa killed almost 80 people, many of them civilians. Initial reports suggested that at least 40 civilians were killed in the Bakeel al-Meer area in Hajjah province and an additional 40 people in the Sabaa area of Sanaa.

On June 7, 2015, according to the Houthi rebels, 44 people were killed and more than 100 injured, including many civilians, in an air strike by the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance in Sanaa.

On June 8, 2015, Meiden reported that, according to pro-Hadi military spokesman Ali al-Ahmedi in Aden, a woman and three of her children had been killed in their home by a Katyusha rocket fired by the rebels . According to health officials, nine people, including three civilians, were killed and 53 injured in fighting in Aden within 24 hours.

According to witnesses and authorities, on June 11, 2015, at least 20 civilians were killed in an air strike by the Saudi-led military coalition that hit a public bus on a motorway south of Aden.

On June 17, 2015, civilians were hit by the bloodiest air strike to date. Saudi missiles killed 31 people in a convoy of fleeing families, including many women and children.

After two people had been killed and around 60 injured in two bomb attacks near mosques in Sanaa and the headquarters of the Houthi rebels on June 17, 2015, another car bomb attack occurred near one on June 20 Houthi visited mosque in Sanaa again, killing two people. ISIS declared itself responsible for both the attacks on June 17th and 20th, which dubbed the Houthi heretics.

Intense fighting continued through July, with at least 165 civilians killed between July 3 and 15 alone, including 53 children and 23 women. Most of the civilian casualties were reported to have been caused by air strikes, but civilians were also regularly injured and killed in shell fire and street fighting.

On July 6th alone, according to the media and residents controlled by the Houthi movement, 176 fighters were killed in air strikes by the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance, which, if the information is confirmed, the highest death toll from the air strikes since the operation began on 26 July March and at the same time as a setback for the ongoing efforts at this time to achieve a ceasefire. 63 people were killed in air strikes in Amran province, including 30 people in a market, according to the Houthi-controlled state news agency Saba. Also in the province of Amran, around 20 fighters and civilians were killed at a Houthi checkpoint outside the city of Amran, according to residents. In addition, fighter planes belonging to the Saudi-led military alliance killed 60 people at an animal market in the city of al-Foyoush. Another 30 people, including 10 Houthi fighters, were killed in an attack apparently aimed at a Houthi checkpoint on the main road between Aden and Lahidsch, according to residents. According to tribes, around 20 Houthi fighters and soldiers fighting by their side were killed in air raids and skirmishes with tribal fighters who support Hadi in the central desert of Marib. UN data confirmed that airstrikes hit marketplaces in Amran and Lahij provinces in two separate incidents on July 6, killing at least 76 civilians.

On July 7, according to the Saba news agency, there were two car bomb attacks in Sanaa and al-Bayda, in which dozens of people were killed.

Shortly before mid-July 2015, violence in Yemen escalated to some of the highest death toll days since March, with mosques, schools and four markets being hit by attacks resulting in civilian deaths. After the beginning of the one-week ceasefire brokered by the UN but not complied with on July 11, 2015, according to the Yemeni government in exile, Hadi, at least 45 people were killed by July 13, 2014, including 35 people on July 12. Air strikes by the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia killed not only women and children in so-called friendly fire , but also soldiers who supported the exiled President Hadi.

After the nominal start of the ceasefire on July 11, at least 33 civilians had died by July 15. In a particularly deadly attack by the Saudi Arabian military coalition, at least 29 civilians were killed after an air strike hit the Al-Ummal (workers) housing complex for Al-Muhamsheen, a marginalized group in Sanaa.

According to a report by the AFP news agency on July 19, 2015, according to information from the local health service, Al-Chadr Laswar, 57 civilians were killed and more than 200 injured in rocket and mortar shell attacks by the Houthi rebels in the disputed Dar Saad district in northern Aden alone have been. The 57 civilian deaths therefore included twelve children. More than 215 people were injured, including 25 children. The dpa news agency reported 48 dead and around 170 injured, citing health care workers.

At least 65 civilians were killed in air strikes by the Saudi Arabia-led coalition on a Zaidi district in Taizz on August 20, 2015. According to Doctors Without Borders , 17 children and 20 women were among the dead . According to MSF, only seven of the 20 hospitals were still working in Taizz at this time. MSF said the hospitals were overcrowded with injured people, that essential medicines were missing and that many injured people and medical staff failed to reach the clinics because of the fighting and air strikes.

Development of the humanitarian situation

Internally displaced persons during the 2015 military intervention, according to UN figures
Recorded period (in brackets: publication)	Number across Yemen	swell
March 26th - (April 28th)	> 300,000
March 26th - (May 15th)	450,000
March 26th - May 7th (17th)	545.719
March 26th - May 28th (June 4th)	1,019,762
March 26th - July 2nd (6th)	1,267,590
March 26th - August 5th	1,439,118
March 26th - October 14th	2,305,048
in addition to 330,000 pre-conflict internally displaced persons and 250,000 refugees in Yemen mainly from Somalia

In addition to the four-week bombing during Operation Decisive Storm , the Saudi Arabian sea blockade of Yemen, which the Saudi royal family had announced to keep for Operation Restoring Hope , was blamed for the outbreak of the humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen . The sea blockade had drastic consequences for the population. In the import-reliant country, garbage collection, public transport and the operation of ambulances came to a standstill due to a lack of fuel. The loss of food imports was accompanied by a rapid rise in prices. According to the Red Cross, the air strikes prevented the delivery of international relief supplies.

April

While the Saudi air force continued to bomb Houthi militias and rebellious army units, with little success from the five-week air force mission, aid agencies said on April 27, 2015 that the situation in Yemen had become catastrophic. ICRC spokeswoman Marie Claire Feghali explicitly called the situation a "humanitarian catastrophe" and said the humanitarian situation was "difficult enough" before the war, but that "there are just no words to describe how bad it has become". The Minister for Human Rights in Yemen, Izzedine al-Asbahi, agreed with the assessment and said at a conference in Saudi Arabia with regard to the destruction of the infrastructure , the war and its consequences had set Yemen back 100 years, especially in the provinces Aden, Dhalea and Taizz. The outgoing UN Special Envoy for Yemen, Jamal Benomar, warned on April 27, 2015 that a new arms embargo against Yemen could exacerbate the humanitarian crisis and restrict urgently needed goods and humanitarian aid for Yemen.

Relief supplies were difficult to deliver during the dire humanitarian situation in Yemen, and the Saudi-led military coalition that controls Yemen's airspace requires planes to stop in Saudi Arabia en route to Yemen to be searched. With the destruction of the runway in Sanaa, the landing of airplanes with relief supplies was ultimately made impossible, according to the media. By that time, media reports said hundreds of air strikes and dozens of ground fighting across Yemen had starved millions and displaced over 300,000 to protect their lives.

The UN emergency aid coordinator , Valerie Amos , stated in a press release from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) dated April 28, 2015 that, according to estimates by humanitarian partner organizations, the escalating conflict More than 300,000 people in Yemen, particularly in the provinces of Hajjah , al-Dali ' and Abyan, have become internally displaced, although their number has doubled since April 17. At the same time, food distribution by humanitarian organizations in Hudaydah province will be stopped due to the lack of fuel. The water supply systems in Sanaa were also closed due to the lack of fuel. According to the UN, the acute fuel shortage threatened a dramatic deterioration in the humanitarian situation. The sea blockade against Yemen also made the delivery of aid more difficult.

May

The destruction of the central logistical infrastructure, including airports, seaports, bridges and roads, had "alarming consequences for the civilian population", according to information from aid organizations, whose humanitarian situation they saw as "now catastrophic". After the UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen, Johannes Van der Klaauw, called for the bombing of the international airport in Sanaa to be stopped by the Saudi-led military coalition on May 4, the two international aid organizations ICRC and Doctors Without Borders also called on May 5 May an end to the attacks on the two airports Sanaa and Hodeida as central logistics infrastructure. According to the aid organizations, the severe damage caused by the attacks has hampered the delivery of urgently needed humanitarian aid and the movement of humanitarian aid workers. They also demanded that the Yemeni civil aviation authority be given the opportunity to repair the airports in order to facilitate the arrival of humanitarian aid. Cedric Schweizer, head of an ICRC team with 250 employees in Yemen, said: "Yemen is almost entirely dependent on imports of food and medicine, especially for the treatment of chronic diseases". “The Sanaa airport was an essential part of the civil infrastructure and the most important lifeline for the most necessary humanitarian goods and aid. The tough import restrictions imposed by the coalition over the past six weeks and the extreme shortage of fuel have made the daily life of the Yemenis unbearable and their suffering immense, ”said Schweizer. According to Marie Elisabeth Ingres, head of Doctors Without Borders in Yemen, the “current conflict” had “already brought extreme hardship to people across the country”: “The destruction of the airport runway in Sanaa means that countless lives are now even more at risk are. We can no longer watch people being forced to drink polluted water and children dying when it could be avoided. ”The checkpoints of the various armed groups also blocked the delivery of urgently needed medical supplies to hospitals, while patients and the wounded were inaccessible had more vital medical care.

Aden with the contested peninsula

According to media reports on May 6, 2015, hundreds of families had been in the center of Aden, which was one of the last strongholds of Hadi supporters, between the urban warfare fronts of the Houthi rebels on the one hand and Hadi's supporters on the other Page locked in their homes. The civilians, whose supplies were running low, were cared for by volunteers who brought food and medicine by sea. Thousands of civilians were trapped in the most contested districts, which lay on a peninsula in the Arabian Sea and were connected to the mainland by an isthmus largely controlled by the Houthis. The streets isolated in this way became a war zone with tank fire and snipers posted on roofs. The dead and injured were often left lying in the streets for several days because ambulances did not pick them up due to the danger of snipers. Water was distributed with donkey carts because waterworks were bombed or because they lacked fuel for the pumps. HRW accused the Houthis of “possibly war crimes” and of having shot two women in Aden and illegally detaining ten local workers for up to two weeks.

After Saudi Arabia first agreed to a humanitarian ceasefire on May 7, 2015, following strong diplomatic pressure from the US, this was cautiously welcomed by aid organizations, some of which warned that the five-day duration proposed by Saudi Arabia would not be enough. to carry out meaningful relief measures. Nasser al-Khawlani, representative of the UN World Food Program (WFP) criticized the proposed duration as insufficient, as the distribution of the organization's aid supplies needed at least 10 days.

After the Saudi-led military coalition had given the Saudi state media an ultimatum on May 8, 2015, according to residents in the city of Sa'da to leave the area on the same day, declared the city and the entire province of Sa'da a "military target" and A few hours later, when the announced air strikes started in Sa'da province, residents reported a mass exodus. According to the UN representative in Yemen, the Saudi-led military coalition bombed "factually trapped civilians". According to reports and statements by development workers, civilians in Sa'da tried desperately to escape air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition. Aid agencies also warned that large numbers of civilians were being trapped in the province due to a lack of transportation. Doctors Without Borders said it was impossible for the entire population of Sa'da to leave the area within a few hours and called on the Saudi-led military coalition to avoid hits on residential areas. According to UN information from OCHA on May 9, 2015, the fighting resulted in around 4,000 families displaced from their homes in ʿAmrān province and 2,000 to 2,500 families in Sanaa, often in public buildings such as schools and universities , according to estimates by local authorities and government buildings or with relatives. According to WHO information from mid-May 2015, the humanitarian situation in Sa'da province, from where residents continued to flee to Khamer and Houth districts in ʿAmrān province, deteriorated rapidly. A five-day humanitarian ceasefire in mid-May 2015 was not enough to sustainably improve care, even if it was possible to bring emergency medical aid and other relief supplies into the country.

The UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen condemned the air strikes of the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance in Yemen as a violation of international humanitarian law and explicitly denounced the declaration of Sa'da province as a "military target".

In mid-May 2015, the UN expressed grave concern about the death toll on civilians from the Saudi-led bombing and the humanitarian impact of the air and sea blockade imposed by the Saudi-led military coalition. The death toll had also increased steadily in the first few months. According to the UN, by May 2015 19 of the 22 provinces of Yemen had been affected by armed violence as a result of the escalating conflict.

The Saudi-led alliance stepped up its air strikes on Houthi targets after the five-day ceasefire expired on May 17, 2015. On May 21, 2015, an air strike close to a migrant response center of the international aid organization IOM in the city of Majdee (Hajjah province) killed five Ethiopian refugees. The Saudi Arabian military spokesman, Brigadier General Ahmed Asseri, told Reuters news agency that Saudi Arabia was not involved and accused the Houthis of being responsible: “If the report is correct, then it would be the responsibility of the Houthis, who have a high presence in the area . ”Saudi Arabia had previously denied responsibility for civilian deaths in the far northern areas, which residents and local authorities attributed to Saudi shelling. The Saudi shelling of the international aid organization came at a time when the UN had launched peace talks in Geneva on May 20, 2015, beginning May 28.

One day after the peace talks planned for May 28, 2015, which were mediated by the UN, were postponed indefinitely, the violence intensified. Taizz Province suffered from increasing air strikes, shell fire and armed conflict. Residential areas in Taizz have reportedly suffered severe damage to homes and civil infrastructure, including hospitals and schools. Northern areas bordering Saudi Arabia had already become a hotly contested front in the immediately preceding weeks, with both the Houthis and Saudis launching a series of deadly cross-border attacks. The May 27, 2015 air strikes in the capital, Sanaa, followed a well-known pattern, in which Saudi-led attacks on military targets in populated areas triggered secondary explosions that hurled shrapnel through the air at nearby apartment buildings.

June

According to UNICEF, the humanitarian situation in Yemen continued to deteriorate at the end of May and beginning of June 2015, particularly in the southwestern provinces of Aden, Lahidsch, Ta'izz and ad-Dali ', where violence increased and basic services collapsed in many parts. In the northern provinces of Sa'da, Hajjah and Amran, the incessant air raids led to continued internal displacement.

Destruction in the south of Sanaa due to an air raid on June 12, 2015 (Photo: June 13, 2015)

At the beginning of June 2015, according to UN estimates, 78 percent of Yemenis - 20 million, an increase of 4 million since the conflict escalated with the Saudi intervention in March - urgently needed emergency aid such as food, water and medical aid. In mid-June, UNICEF reported that 9.9 of the 21 million Yemenis in need of humanitarian aid at the time were children. Aid agencies said the humanitarian disaster had escalated dramatically with the sea blockade imposed on Yemen by the Saudi-led, US-UK-backed military coalition. According to the UN, the ongoing fighting threatened the supply of the population with basic foodstuffs. Between April and June, 12 to 13 million people in the impoverished country - around half of the population - were classified as “at risk of supply”, of which 6 million were at high risk in June. On June 9, 2015, the aid organization Oxfam wrote that Yemen is now “the country with the greatest humanitarian needs” and that its situation is “now classified as one of the greatest humanitarian crises in the world”. All 22 provinces were affected by the conflict at the time.

In mid-June 2015, half of the Yemeni population was threatened with hunger, while Saudi and Egyptian warships blocked all ports in the Gulf of Aden and prevented the importation of goods. Dengue fever had broken out in the embattled city of Aden, whose streets were exposed to large amounts of rubbish when the outside temperature was high. The number of dengue sufferers exceeded 5,000, according to the city hospitals with a daily increase of 100 to 200 cases.

Peace talks brokered by the UN between Yemeni warring parties in Geneva in mid-June 2015 ended without an agreement on a ceasefire.

The situation worsened in many of the provinces. At the end of June 2015, air strikes took place on al-Hazm , the capital of Provinf al-Jauf , on three consecutive days . Around 900 families then had to be evacuated. Most of the residents of al-Matuma district sought refuge in al-Maton and al-Masloub districts. There were around 2,470 internally displaced families in al-Jauf province. There were also 1,400 families from Amran and other provinces. Due to the ongoing fighting and the associated access difficulties, humanitarian aid could only be provided to a limited extent for these groups.

According to the UN's permanent representative in Yemen, Paolo Lembo, on June 26, 2015, the first three months of the war had left Yemen in a persistently deteriorating humanitarian and security situation. The “price for the conflict” was paid by the Yemeni civilians, millions of whom even before the war did not have secure food and had to fight for access to education, basic services and clean water. After three months of war, 12.9 million people were in need of food aid, and more people were killed from disease and lack of access to basic services than from the immediate armed conflict.

According to media reports, the US and UK governments tried to quietly persuade the Saudis to curb their tactics and, in particular, to loosen the sea blockade, with little effect. Contrary to requests from the West and the UN, the Saudis failed to release funds from the sum of 274 million US dollars they had already promised in April to finance humanitarian aid for months.

July

According to the UN, the humanitarian crisis in Yemen has intensified steadily from the outbreak of fighting at the end of March 2015 until the ceasefire announced on July 10th.

On July 1, 2015, the UN declared a level 3 emergency (level 3 emergency) for Yemen, the UN's highest level of emergency. With the classification in the highest possible crisis level with regard to the humanitarian emergency, Yemen was in a row with only three other countries worldwide - Iraq , South Sudan and Syria . More than 21.1 million people - over 80 percent of the Yemeni population - were in acute need of humanitarian aid at the time. 13 million people have had problems getting enough food. 9.4 million people had little or no access to clean drinking water due to a cut off or severely impaired water supply. Because the sewage supply had also collapsed, diseases such as malaria and dengue fever had already spread, according to the UN. According to the UN, the health system was on the verge of collapse. At least 160 healthcare facilities were closed due to uncertainty and lack of fuel and supplies. According to the UN, what was most needed was missing, even the fuel for aid transports. The UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon had repeatedly unsuccessfully called for a humanitarian ceasefire to enable urgently needed aid to be delivered to civilians suffering from air strikes and ground fighting. The UN had also urged the Saudi-led military coalition to allow more merchant cargo ships to enter the ports of Yemen, which was heavily dependent on food, fuel and other essential imports. A few days earlier, the UN emergency aid coordinator had warned of a famine in Yemen. The UN had classified 10 of the 22 Yemeni provinces as being in a food emergency - one step ahead of famine. According to the emergency plan, the UN wanted to try to reach 11.7 million of the most needy people in Yemen with aid.

On July 1, 2015, air strikes and shell fire damaged an IOM office in Haradh and a Migrant Response Point (MRP) in Basateen, Aden Province.

After the UN and the USA had previously insisted on a humanitarian break from fighting, Yemeni President-in-Exile Hadi and other parties involved agreed to a ceasefire that began on July 10 and was planned until the end of the fasting month of Ramadan on July 17. According to media reports, after months of war, the inner Yemeni conflicting parties had agreed on a ceasefire during which the needy population in Yemen was to be supplied with food, water and medicine. The WFP called the ceasefire “our last hope” to gain access to the areas in need of help. The UN declared that it was “imperative and urgent” that humanitarian aid could reach people in Yemen who were particularly in need of protection “unhindered and not subject to conditions over a humanitarian break”. The Saudi-led military coalition, on the other hand, has not committed itself to complying with the ceasefire, according to media reports. A Saudi representative had rejected the ceasefire as "useless".

In the first half of July, humanitarian ships loaded with food, WASH and medical equipment anchored in Al-Mukalla (Hadramaut province) for the first time since the escalation of violence. On July 21, two ships with humanitarian aid entered the port of Aden. These were the first large ships that had entered Aden since the beginning of the conflict. The ships brought food supplies to supply 180,000 people for a period of one month, as well as medicines and 500,000 liters of fuel.

After fighters of the Southern Resistance (al-muqawama al-janubiyya), with the support of the Saudi-led military coalition, gained control of the destroyed Aden at the end of July 2015 and the forces of the Saudi-led military coalition took over the port area occupied by the Houthi rebels, the situation improved humanitarian situation in Aden according to the project coordinator of MSF in Aden, Thierry Goffeau, something. Ships could dock and deliver humanitarian aid such as food, fuel and bulldozers. With the help of this equipment and equipment, the clearing and cleaning of the streets could begin. The coastal road leading from the airport to the Crater area was cleared and tanks removed. The Saudi-led military coalition held the airport, and repairs have begun. The situation was therefore very different from that observed in May, June and until mid-July, when the fighting had been daily and continued day and night.

August

On August 18, 2015, the Saudi-led military alliance in Hudaida bombed the only port through which humanitarian aid reached northern Yemen. The four cranes were destroyed so that shiploads could hardly be unloaded there.

In August, the UN warned of a "worsening humanitarian disaster in Yemen" and a rapid deterioration in the supply situation in Yemen. According to the UN reporter on the right to food, Hilal Elver, 850,000 children alone suffered from severe malnutrition, while an increase to 1.2 million is expected in the following weeks if the conflict continues. Elver warned the conflicting parties not to use hunger as a weapon. Starving civilians could be classified as "war crimes or crimes against humanity". She criticized the fact that the Saudi-led military coalition's air strikes repeatedly hit markets and supply transports. In addition, curfews cut off the population from supply options. She referred to blockades in districts like Aden or Taizz that prevented food deliveries. Elver emphasized that 80 percent of Yemen is dependent on food imports. 13 million people should not have adequate access to food. It is true that troops and the Saudi-led military alliance achieved successes against the Houthi rebels, such as the recapture of Aden. But skirmishes such as in the city of Ibb and in other regions showed that the fight for Yemen and the humanitarian catastrophe continued.

September October

Residential building destroyed on September 5, 2015 in Sanaa

After UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon blamed and condemned the Saudi-led military alliance for bombing a hospital run by the aid organization Doctors Without Borders (MSF) in Sa'da , which was particularly hard hit by the air strikes by the Saudi-led military coalition Having called on the conflicting parties to cease all operations, including air strikes, the Saudi government announced the imminent end of its air strikes in Yemen. Observers such as the Yemeni analyst Farea al-Muslimi, however, judged the conflict to be completely deadlocked and the civilians as victims of the conflicting parties who continued the conflict with one another with impunity. Despite thousands of deaths from the conflict, the Saudi-led military coalition had made little progress at the end of October in restoring the Yemeni government in exile in the Houthi-controlled capital of Sanaa.

November

At the beginning of November 2015, a coalition of 15 international non-governmental organizations called on the foreign ministers of the EU states to take a clear position on Yemen at the Council for Foreign Affairs on November 17, 2015. They pointed out that at the time, 21 million people (84 percent of the population) needed immediate humanitarian assistance. The intense daily bombardment by the Saudi-led military coalition and ruthless artillery fire resulted in over 2,500 civilians being killed, including many children. All parties to the conflict allegedly regularly violate international law and human rights law and attack frequently populated areas, resulting not only in civilian casualties but also in the damage and destruction of vital civil infrastructure, including 51 hospitals and health facilities as in the case of the MSF -Klinik in Sa'da Province. A total of 13 million people would go hungry (3 million more than at the beginning of the conflict in March). With Yemen reliant on importing over 90 percent of its food and most of its fuel, the restrictions on humanitarian and trade imports - primarily as a result of the de facto blockade of the Yemeni ports by the Saudi-led military coalition - are losing their lives by millions of civilians and driving food prices to unaffordable heights for millions of Yemenis, especially since many Yemenis have been losing their income for months. The rise in the price of all consumer goods led to a striking crisis. The low level of security, limited humanitarian access and import restrictions would exacerbate the situation, impede access to basic relief and life support services and threaten the lives of tens of thousands of civilians, especially women and children. Among other things, in their appeal, the non-governmental organizations called on All land to reopen the sea and air routes in Yemen and to lift the de facto blockade of all seaports, including the port in al-Hudaida, in order to fully resume trade - and allow humanitarian imports to all parts of the country, especially the northern areas. The UN Verification Inspection and Monitoring Mechanism should immediately be operationalized and steps should be taken to ensure that the implementation of the arms embargo according to UN Security Council Resolution 2216 is not misused to impose a de facto blockade on trade imports.

On November 18, the UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen, Johannes Van der Klaauw, identified the imposition of drastic cuts in trade imports as one of the causes of suffering for the people of Yemen. Given the country's dependence on imports of fuel, food, medicine and other essential goods, their stocks on the markets are all dangerously low. As a result, pumping and trucking of water has come to a standstill in many areas, health facilities have ceased their services, food prices have risen dramatically and much of the country has less than an hour of electricity per day. With this, Van der Klaauw justified his call to the “international community” to find a political solution to the conflict “before it is too late and we even experienced further devastation in Yemen”. He also called on the “international community” to loosen the restrictions on trade imports - especially on fuel, medical supplies and food.

Reactions (from April 22nd)

The announced cessation of air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance was welcomed on all sides.

Yemen

- The Houthi rebels agreed in principle to hold talks about a solution to the conflict. Houthi spokesman Mohammed Abdulsalam said that the prerequisite for political talks was the end of the air strikes by the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia: “After the aggression against Yemen has come to an end and the blockade lifted, we want a political dialogue mediated by the United Nations “, It said in a statement.

Mediators reported that, as a gesture of goodwill, the Houthis released several prisoners from the ranks of the Hadi government despite renewed air strikes. Accordingly, the Houthi militias surprisingly released the Yemeni defense minister of the overthrown Hadi government, Mahmoud el-Soubeihi, as well as the vice chief of intelligence of three provinces in South Yemen, General Nasser Mansour Hadi - a brother of President Hadi - and another military commander and general, the all captured on March 25, 2015. Observers interpreted this as a possible signal that an early agreement between the rebels and their allies as well as Hadi could be in prospect. The rebels said they were in favor of resuming dialogue and any UN-led effort that would lead to a peaceful compromise.

Thousands of Houthi supporters marched through the capital Sanaa and condemned the "Saudi-American aggression".

On May 2, 2015, the Houthi rebels wrote a letter to the UN Secretary General calling on the UN to work to end the Saudi Arabian air strikes. The attacks are an obvious aggression against the country and its people.

The Houthi rebels denied targeting residential areas and accused Islamic extremists. Houthi spokesman Hamed Bachit said: "It is not in the interests of the Houthis to meet civilians".

The former Yemeni President and ally of the Houthis, Ali Abdullah Salih, welcomed the release of prisoners from the ranks of the Hadi government by the Houthis and the announcement of talks and called for a "return to dialogue". He wrote on Facebook that the "hopefully final end" of the intervention opens up a new way of restoring peace through dialogue. On a Yemeni television station he controlled, Salih had the Houthi rebels urge them to obey the UN Security Council resolution and withdraw from all conquered regions, including the capital Sanaa. At the same time, Salih called on the coalition led by Saudi Arabia to stop its attacks on the rebels. He called on the parties to the civil war to return to dialogue in order to end the war. In the national interest he himself is ready for reconciliation with his opponents.
Yemen Yemen Hadi Government - The Foreign Minister of the Hadi Government in exile in London, Riyad Yassin, rejected former President Salih's request for a return to political dialogue on April 26, 2015. After all the destruction caused by Salih, his appeal is unacceptable, said Yassin. There would be no agreement with the Houthi as long as they did not withdraw from the areas they had conquered. On April 26, a few days after the termination of Operation Decisive Storm was announced, Yassin said that the military operation Decisive Storm was continuing against both the Houthis and Salih supporters and had not been terminated: “Operation 'Decisive Storm' is not completed. Temporarily there may be fewer air strikes. So far, these air strikes have cut off military supplies. If there is any movement by the Houthis or Salih's militias, they will be shot at and this will continue. ”Yassin said there was no need for the military coalition to raise ground troops in Yemen as 70 percent of Yemen is not under the control of the Houthis or under that of Salih.

On May 2, 2015, Yassin said in an interview with Al Jazeera that the bombings were necessary despite the losses. The Houthis have no political project, but are "only militias that just want to destroy", they would not govern anything, but "only destroy and hand over Yemen to Iran". A major mistake was to allow Salih to stay in Yemen and be part of the golf initiative.

After the Hadi government had repeatedly called for the use of ground troops against the Houthis, according to media reports, the Hadi government in exile asked the UN Security Council for help through the use of ground troops on May 6, 2015. To protect Yemen, ground troops from other countries would quickly be needed and would have to intervene. The Yemeni UN Ambassador Khaled Alyemany wrote to the UN Security Council: “We call on the international community to intervene quickly with ground troops to save Yemen, especially Aden and Taizz.” The Houthi rebels would “target everything, what's going on in the city of Aden ”. The Hadi government will therefore spare no effort to bring those responsible for war crimes before international courts. In her letter to the UN Security Council, Alyemany also called on the international human rights organizations to document the “barbaric violations of the law against the vulnerable population”.

The foreign minister of Hadi’s government-in-exile, Rijad Jassin, accused the Houthis of “ genocide ” on May 6, 2015, and called on the “international community” to bring charges against the group.

International

The Gulf Monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council rejected a request by the Iranian government to negotiate the Yemen conflict on neutral ground under the auspices of the UN and instead insisted that negotiations on a way out of the Yemen crisis take place in Saudi Arabia. The foreign ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council support the efforts of the Yemeni government-in-exile, Hadi, to organize a conference "under the auspices of the Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh", at which all parties to the conflict should take part who recognize the " legitimacy " of Yemeni President Abd Rabbo Mansur Hadi. After UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon declared on April 30, 2013 that Yemen was on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe and in response Russia convened an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council on May 1 to avert the feared humanitarian catastrophe, the council members could not agree on a common approach and Russia failed Russia with its draft resolution at the UN. According to the Russian UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin , the Russian draft had called for an immediate ceasefire or at least humanitarian ceasefire and the rapid resumption of peace negotiations mediated by the UN, in which all parties to the conflict should take part in a place they could all agree on. Tschurkin had also offered the other council members to cancel the demand for an immediate ceasefire. But Saudi Arabia insisted on Riyadh as the place of negotiation, while some UN ambassadors insisted on first consulting their governments.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon

United Nations UN - UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called for a swift end to the fighting and peace negotiations. Ban expressed concern about the continuation of the bombing. The UN is ready to use the diplomatic means necessary to resolve the conflict in Yemen “in dialogue”. He hoped the fighting would end as soon as possible. On April 30, 2015 (New York time), Ban Ki-moon expressed concern about the "ongoing ground fighting and aerial bombardment in Yemen, affecting innocent civilians". There are "credible reports of families in Aden being trapped by the bombing and snipers targeting civilians on the streets," Ban said. He again called on the parties involved for an immediate ceasefire. In addition, humanitarian fire breaks are now necessary. More than 1,200 people have been killed in the past few weeks, and another 300,000 have fled their homes. The attacks, which also civilians and the “civil infrastructure”, including depots of aid organizations and UN agencies, are “unacceptable” and violate international humanitarian law , stressed Ban. The ongoing violence also makes it difficult for aid workers to bring food, fuel and medication to the many people in need: "The country's health, water and sewage systems as well as the telecommunications network are on the verge of collapse." All parties to the conflict must ensure that aid organizations are in place secure access is made possible.

The outgoing UN Special Envoy for Yemen, Jamal Benomar, warned on April 27, 2015 of a new danger that efforts to establish an arms embargo against Yemen could exacerbate the humanitarian crisis. He said he had told the UN Security Council in a private meeting that the application of a new arms embargo could inadvertently curtail the flow of much-needed economic goods and humanitarian aid to Yemen, including food, fuel and medical supplies.

The UN coordinator for humanitarian affairs in Yemen, Johannes Van der Klaauw, called the situation "extremely worrying" on May 2, 2015, as the UN believes that the acute shortage of fuel is threatening a dramatic deterioration in the humanitarian situation. Because no more fuel is allowed into the country, there is a lack of health care, food and water. If nothing is done about this grievance within days, the country will "come to a complete standstill". Without fuel, neither hospitals nor ambulances could operate. The water supply is also dependent on fuel for pumps and the telecommunications network is in danger of collapsing. The sea blockade of the Saudi-led military alliance against Yemen also makes it difficult to deliver aid. On May 4, Van Der Klaauw called for the bombing of the Sanaa International Airport to be stopped by the Saudi Arabian military coalition and its allies, which had targeted the runways during the previous week. He said, "I urge the coalition to stop shelling the airport in Sanaa." It is essential to "maintain this important supply artery - just like all other airports and ports". Van Der Klaauw went on to say that the UN wanted to airlift aid workers and relief supplies to Yemen from Djibouti, but the airstrikes meant that the taxiways could no longer be used: “As long as the taxiways are being repaired, no flights can take off or land . "After the Saudi-led military coalition declared the entire province of Sa'da a" military target ", Van Der Klaauw condemned the air strikes of the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance in Yemen as a violation of international humanitarian law:" The indiscriminate attacks on populated areas with and without prior warning are a violation of international humanitarian law ”. Many civilians are literally trapped in the area attacked by the Saudi-led military coalition due to a lack of fuel. Declaring the entire region to be a “military target” would threaten countless people.

After the so-called “humanitarian break” had expired on May 17, 2015, Ban asked all sides to renew their agreement to extend the “humanitarian break” by a further five days.

In a report to the UN Security Council circulated on May 18, 2015, Ban pointed out that the entire region was being threatened by the Somali-based Islamist militia Al-Shabaab . The political conflict in Yemen could provide a route for jihadists through the Gulf of Aden. Ban said Al-Shabaab has become more and more active, as seen in attacks in the semi-autonomous Puntland region on the Gulf of Aden or the massacre of 147 students at Garissa University in Kenya in April: “At the same time, the crisis in Yemen has the potential to further destabilize the region and open a corridor for jihadist movements through Somalia ”.

Egypt Egypt - Egypt first announced on May 3, 2015 that it was deploying troops in the Gulf region and the Red Sea. The National Defense Council of Egypt said the Egyptian political leadership had decided to extend the deployment of Egyptian troops for combat missions by three months. This should protect Arab and Egyptian interests.
Germany Germany - The German federal government took an increasingly critical stance on the Saudi air offensive. The recent Saudi air strikes in Yemen are viewed with concern. The German Foreign Ministry called on Saudi Arabia to "turn words into deeds and actually keep the guns silent". The German government is making six million euros available for humanitarian aid in Yemen. Foreign Ministry spokesman Martin Schäfer said 150,000 people had been displaced in the past few weeks alone.

Shortly after the offer of a five-day ceasefire, the spokesman for the German Foreign Ministry, Martin Schäfer, said implementation of the announced humanitarian ceasefire by all conflict parties would be very welcome. In Yemen there is a “real humanitarian emergency” that affects “hundreds of thousands of people”. In addition, a peace conference in Riyadh or elsewhere is “imperative”.

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Hassan Firouzabadi , Chief of the Armed Forces of Iran (Photo: 1999)

Iran Iran - Iran, which condemned the air strikes as meddling in Yemen's internal affairs, welcomed the announcement that the air strikes would cease. State Department spokeswoman Marsieh Afcham said this was a "step forward" towards a political solution. The spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry emphasized that Iran had been committed to a negotiated solution from the start. The Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Sarif had stressed that possible negotiations would have to take place in a place "that is not involved in the conflict". Saudi Arabia is just as unsuitable for this as the United Arab Emirates. He also called for negotiations under the auspices of the UN.

A few hours after Saudi Arabia announced that the first sections of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, founded on tribal militias , had reached the border area with Yemen and strengthened the regular army units and border guards, the leader of the 150,000-strong Iranian Revolutionary Guard , Mohammad Ali Jafari , accused on April 27, 2015 the Saudis trampled Islamic values through the military intervention in Yemen and compared the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Israel. He called the Saudis' air strikes "shameless", praised the Houthi uprising and expressed the hope that "the next wave" would lead to the "overthrow of the Saudi ruling house". He accused the Saudis of "following in the footsteps of Israel and the Zionists" by bombing Yemen, the poorest state in the Arab world. The Saudi ground troops had failed to penetrate into Yemen at this point, but had already fought a few skirmishes with the other side on the long border with Yemen, in which some Saudi soldiers had been killed.

After the Saudi Arabian-led military coalition had dropped leaflets in Arabic over Yemen in the previous weeks, which, with reference to the ancient name of Iran and its language, said that they wanted to support the Yemenis "against Persian expansion" (literally: "My Yemeni brother. The real goal of the coalition is to support the Yemeni people against the Persian expansion."), A leading Iranian security representative accused Saudi Arabia on April 28, 2015 of propaganda like in the "era of the Cold War " to lead. Ali Shamchani , Secretary of the Iranian National Security Council , was quoted as saying: "The aim of throwing these leaflets, as untrue as they are, is to frighten the Yemeni people."

After the air raid on the airport in Sanaa said the Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces , Hassan Firuzabadi , on 28 April 2015 the Saudi leadership deserve severe punishment for attacks on Yemen. He also reprimanded the US, the UN and the UK for blatantly violating the legal rights of the Yemeni people by helping Saudi Arabia massacre Yemeni civilians and razing the country's cities. The interception of aircraft carrying humanitarian aid to innocent civilians by Saudi Arabia requires a "proportional response," said Firouzabadi. On April 29, 2015, Iran strongly condemned the Saudi air strike on the two Iranian planes in Sanaa. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Marsieh Afcham said the practice was "absolutely inhuman". The Iranian planes only transported food and medicine for the people in Yemen. The chargé d'affaires at the Saudi embassy in Tehran was also called in to protest the attack.

On May 2, 2015, the Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Hossein Amir Abdollahian asserted security interests in Yemen on behalf of Iran and said: "We will not allow others to jeopardize our common security with military adventures".

After Saudi Foreign Minister al-Jubeir accused Iran of a “negative” role in Yemen and of supporting the revelations on May 7, 2015, Iran again rejected the accusation on May 8 of supporting the Houthi rebels with weapons. Foreign Office spokeswoman Marsieh Afcham said the allegations were "based on unfounded analysis" and were "nothing more than efforts to blame others."

Shortly after the offer of a five-day ceasefire, Iran also demanded an indefinite ceasefire. Foreign Minister Mohammed Jawad Zarif said on May 11, 2015: “This temporary ceasefire should become permanent, for humanitarian aid and then also for reaching a political solution”.

Pakistan Pakistan - Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Chief of Staff Raheel Sharif and Defense Minister Khawaja Asif announced their intention to speak on April 23, 2015 in Saudi Arabia about the situation in Yemen. Pakistan had previously refused to participate in the Saudi Arabia-led coalition against the Houthis and instead pressed for a negotiated solution.

Vitaly Churkin , Russian UN Ambassador

Russia Russia - After the UN Security Council was unable to agree on a joint declaration at an emergency meeting on the situation in Yemen on May 1, 2015, the Russian UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin criticized the body's “astonishing indecision” in view of the precarious situation in Yemen. If there wasn't even an agreement on such a simple declaration, “which one can still agree on,” Churkin asked the reporters present.

Salman ibn Abd al-Aziz (left) and Adel al-Jubeir (Photo: 2012)

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia - Prince Mohammed bin Nawaf , Saudi Arabia's ambassador to Great Britain, said the air strikes showed the Arabs' determination to defend their own interests without a US leadership. The Sunni coalition has achieved its goals in Yemen and could be a model for further joint Arab ventures.

The Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States, Adel al-Jubeir, said: "If the Houthis and their allies behave aggressively, there will be an answer". The Saudi armed forces are ready to stop any advance of the Houthis on Aden. On May 4, 2015, Al-Jubeir announced that Saudi Arabia was considering the establishment of so-called security zones in Yemen to supply the residents with aid supplies. Saudi Arabia will propose to the partner countries involved in the military intervention to "temporarily suspend air strikes in certain zones in order to enable the supply of aids".

On May 5, 2015, after talks with US Secretary of State John Kerry, the new Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir announced that Saudi Arabia would agree to a ceasefire, which al-Jubeir offered as a five-day "humanitarian break", and which would allow the transportation of aid supplies to enable the needy population.

Senegal Senegal - Depending on the source, on May 4 or 5, 2015, Senegalese Foreign Minister Mankeur Ndiaye surprisingly announced in front of the Senegalese parliament that Senegal would join the Saudi-led military coalition against the Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen with 2,100 soldiers participate. By sending troops, Senegalese Prime Minister Macky Sall responded to a request made by the Saudi King Salman at a meeting in April. The Senegalese government called Saudi Arabia a "good friend" and warned that the Houthi rebels in Yemen pose a serious threat to regional stability. Ndiaye described it as the purpose of Senegal's participation in the Saudi-led military coalition to prevent the "spread of Islamist terror" and "to protect the holy places of Islam - Mecca and Medina - which are also endangered by these terrorist groups". The dispatch of the 2100 soldiers is in the interests of both countries and takes into account the "extent of the geopolitical upheavals" that could cause a worsening of the situation in Yemen.

On May 5, 2015, the opposition in the Senegalese parliament announced resistance to the dispatch of 2,100 paratroopers and tank grenadiers. Opposition politician Modou Diagne Fada said: “Saudi Arabia is not threatened - nor are the holy places of Islam. There is nothing that can justify military intervention by Senegal ”.

Turkey Turkey - Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said the air strikes appeared to have reached their destination. During a state visit to Kuwait, Erdoğan endorsed the war in Yemen and underlined that Turkey considers Saudi Arabia's intervention in Yemen to be necessary. He told the Turkish news agency Anadolu Agency (AA): “Building stability in Yemen is crucial. We, as Turkey, support the military coalition led by Saudi Arabia. The second phase, which is more political based, is very important to complete the military first phase ”. According to the AA, Erdoğan called for an end to the Houthi attacks and said the militias should be part of the political process.

Ashton Carter (Photo taken on March 30, 2015)

Susan Rice

United States United States - The announced end of the attacks was welcomed by the United States. A government spokeswoman said it was "not done the job". Following the continuation of the air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance, US Defense Secretary Ashton Carter warned that Iran could further fuel the conflict by supplying arms to the Houthis. The US is concerned that a group of Iranian cargo ships may have loaded weapons. Carter said, "There is no reason for anyone to hand over highly technical weapons in a situation that is far beyond any reasonable measure." He threatened that the US warships deployed in the Gulf of Aden - including an aircraft carrier - would give President Barack Obama options for action. He left open whether the US would possibly stop and search the Iranian freighters.

On April 27, 2015, US Secretary of State John Kerry defended Saudi Arabia's handling of the crisis, saying the Saudis would have stood ready to participate in political talks until the Houthis launched their offensive.

On May 6, 2015, Kerry described the humanitarian situation in Yemen as extremely worrying. The situation is getting worse every day. The lack of food, gasoline and medicine has led to a crisis. Kerry announced humanitarian aid to the country of $ 68 million. The Foreign Ministry said the money would go to the 16 million people in need, including 300,000 internally displaced people, and that it would be used for water, food, shelter and medical care, among other things. Kerry also announced that he will speak in Saudi Arabia on May 6 about the possibility of interrupting the fight in the military operation in Yemen. He hoped to be able to bring about a "humanitarian break" in the conflict and that the military alliance, together with the UN and the "international community", would find ways to help the people. The previous week, US Security Advisor Susan Rice said: "There is no military solution to the crisis in Yemen and the humanitarian situation will only get worse if the conflict continues". The US government pushed for an early end to the air strikes. The Hadi government's request to the “international community” to deploy ground troops, passed on via the UN Security Council, was rejected by Kerry, pointing out that “neither Saudi Arabia nor the USA” were considering such a deployment. He supported Saudi Arabia's proposal of May 7, 2015 for a humanitarian ceasefire.

Demand for a UN mandate for the deployment of ground troops

On May 6, 2015, the UN ambassador to the Yemeni government asked the UN Security Council for a UN mandate for the "international community" to march into Yemen. The UN should authorize an invasion under Saudi leadership with a UN mandate and support it with UN peacekeeping forces. Some allies of the Saudis, including Senegal, had already bilaterally promised to send soldiers who would take part in such a ground offensive.

The de facto already largely disempowered government of Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, who was considered loyal to Saudi Arabia, had been in exile in Saudi Arabia since the end of March 2015. In the six weeks that preceded the Hadi government's request for a UN mandate for the deployment of ground troops, Saudi Arabia had tried largely unsuccessfully to use military means to bring Yemen, which had previously been linked to Saudi Arabia for many years, under its control. Immediately before the request for the UN mandate, the Houthi movement, which also pursued the domestic political goal of ousting the Saudi and US-financed Yemeni elite, had taken over further districts in Yemen.

The granting of a UN mandate required Chapter 7 of the UN Charter that the UN Security Council declares with a majority of nine out of fifteen votes that the coup d'état by the Houthis in Yemen endangers “world peace and international security”. In the event of such a majority decision by the UN Security Council in favor of the UN mandate and the absence of an objection by the UN veto powers such as Russia and China, the granting of the UN mandate meant a subsequent legalization of the military operations carried out by the coalition led by Saudi Arabia on March 26, 2015.

The German journalist and lawyer Ronen Steinke saw the request submitted by the Yemeni government in exile for a UN mandate for a ground troop deployment as an attempt by Saudi Arabia, which had previously largely been militarily unsuccessful, for “new reinforcements from outside” and assumed that the USA, which together with Great Britain and France, two other UN veto powers who had already supported the air strikes of the Saudi-led military alliance, would not stand in the way of a UN mandate for an invasion.

US Secretary of State John Kerry rejected the Hadi government's request to the “international community” to deploy ground troops, initially passed on via the UN Security Council, with the remark that “neither Saudi Arabia nor the USA” were considering such a deployment, while Saudi Arabia -Arabia reserved the right to intervene in the civil war in Yemen with ground troops on May 6, 2015, to review all options for fighting the Houthi rebels, including a "ground operation", and did not provide any specific information on whether or not Saudi Arabia requested the Yemeni government was complied with to send troops in particular to stabilize the city of Aden. The military leadership of the Saudi-led Arab military coalition in Saudi Arabia had never ruled out the deployment of ground troops and, according to Arab media, it was considered certain that Yemeni tribesmen who had long been allied with the Saudi royal family were trained. The New York Times reported on training camps in Saudi Arabia where hundreds of Yemeni fighters were trained on weapons. In particular, forces trained in this way should have already been sent to Aden to break the supremacy of the Houthis.

Mediation attempts during Operation Restoring Hope

The UN's efforts remained unsuccessful during Operation Restoring Hope. A UN-brokered peace conference in Geneva did not take place. A ceasefire announced by General Secretary Ban Ki Moon was immediately broken. A ceasefire unilaterally declared by the Saudi military alliance in July was immediately violated in many places, including by Saudi Arabia itself.

Talks in Saudi Arabia

Talks in the Saudi Arabian Riyadh on May 17, 2015 were boycotted by the Houthis, while figures from the party of former Yemeni President Salih took part in them.

UN mediation attempt for the Geneva peace talks for May 28th

Hopes for peace talks mediated by the UN, which should have started on May 28, 2015 in Geneva, were initially shattered when the peace talks were postponed indefinitely after and apparently because the Yemeni President Hadi, who was in exile in Saudi Arabia, was a precondition for peace talks insisted that the Houthis recognize the authority of his government in exile and withdraw from the larger cities of the country.

The mission of the UN special envoy Ismail Ould Sheikh Ahmed was therefore largely a failure. Ahmed himself said he would “redouble” his efforts but declared the situation to be “deadlocked”.

Scheduled for June 28th

After the multi-day “humanitarian ceasefire” was not extended in mid-May 2015 despite international appeals and the Sunni-Arab military alliance led by Saudi Arabia resumed its air strikes on the Houthi militia, the UN planned peace talks in Geneva for the end of May 2015. UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon invited the parties to the conflict to Geneva on May 28 and announced on May 20 that the talks should “restart the political process in Yemen, curb the extent of the violence and reduce the humanitarian burden has become unbearable ”. The UN delegations of the Houthi rebels and the Yemeni government in exile were to take part in the talks. The peace talks were the first major initiative of the new UN special envoy for Yemen, Ismail Ould Sheikh Ahmed, who met with rival political giants in Yemen in May 2015. Farhan Haq, the deputy spokesman for the UN Secretary-General, told the media on May 21, 2015 that Ahmed "believes he has an assurance" that he should continue the talks.

The UN also said that the Geneva talks should "restore the impetus for Yemeni-led political change". The UN stressed that Yemen had already been brought on the way to greater stability. A UN spokesman warned: "Tragically, Yemen has now slipped into a conflict that threatens to spread across its borders and has a dramatic impact on civilians who pay the highest price."

Reactions of the conflicting parties

Houthi Rebels - The Houthis spoke out in favor of the conference and agreed to support and participate in the talks. They were open to negotiating a political solution. Rebel leader Abdelmalik al-Huthi, who described talks as the only solution to the war and called for peace negotiations to be held in a neutral country at a conference previously held by Saudi Arabia, announced in a televised address that all revolutionary forces in the country were ready for one Dialogue under UN auspices in a neutral state. At the same time, al-Houthi accused Saudi Arabia of not seeking a political solution to the conflict.
Yemen Yemen ( Hadi government ) - By contrast, the Hadi government, which is in exile in Saudi Arabia, sent contradicting signals. In an initial response, she set conditions for her participation and only wanted to take part in the talks if the rebels withdraw from the cities they control. The foreign minister of the disempowered but internationally recognized government of Hadi, Rejad Jassin, demanded in a statement from Riyadh that, among other things, the insurgent Houthi must first withdraw from the contested cities. The UN representative of Yemen, Khaled Alyemany, later stated that the Hadi cabinet would definitely be represented in Geneva at a high level - possibly by the vice-president. While it was sometimes reported that the Yemeni government in exile had promised to participate in the talks in Geneva on May 28, 2015, a few days before the announced peace talks, the Hadi government in Yemen insisted once again as a precondition for participating in the peace talks in Geneva, that the Houthi rebels are withdrawing from the areas they have captured, including Sana'a, even though the UN had announced the peace talks without preconditions.
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia - Saudi Arabia strongly opposed Iran participating in the Geneva peace talks. The Saudi UN Ambassador, Abdullah Al-Mouallimi, said: “There is no place for Iran in these talks. He did not play a constructive role and must therefore not be rewarded with a seat at the negotiating table ”.

Indefinite postponement

On May 24, 2015, UN circles confirmed that the UN peace conference for Yemen had been postponed indefinitely, at the request of the media and without giving any reason. Representatives of the Houthi rebels, the socialists and the Nasserist trade union party in Yemen also stated, on condition of anonymity, that they had been informed of the adjournment for an indefinite period.

As a prerequisite for participating in the peace talks in Geneva, the Yemeni government in exile demanded that the Houthi rebels withdraw from the areas they had captured. On May 25, representatives of the Yemeni government in exile cited Hadi's call for the rebels to withdraw from the territories they had captured as a prerequisite for talks and described the conference as being postponed indefinitely.

AFP correspondents in Sana'a reported growing uncertainty as to which of the warring Yemeni parties would participate in the talks and described the short-term postponement of the UN-brokered peace talks as "another damper on the UN's efforts to broker peace in a country where almost 2,000 people have been killed since March ”. In other media it was said that with the postponement for an indefinite period of time the peace conference appeared to be called into question or that “the last spark of hope for a political solution” had been shattered.

Simultaneously with the indefinite postponement of the peace conference, Saudi-led air strikes began to continuously bomb rebel positions in Sanaa and throughout Yemen, and as a result, violence intensified.

Attempts to mediate for a new date for the Geneva peace talks

Urging the UN for a new date

After the cancellation of the peace talks for Yemen, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged UN Special Envoy Ahmed for a new date as soon as possible. Ban's spokesman said in a statement on May 25, 2015 that Ban was "disappointed that it was not possible to launch such a significant initiative at the earliest possible date," and that Ban reiterated his demand that negotiations between the Hadi government-in-exile and the Houthi rebels should start "in good faith and without preconditions" as soon as possible. Ban also reiterated that the only lasting solution to the crisis in Yemen is an inclusive, politically negotiated solution.

In a statement of May 26, 2015, the UN said that Ban had instructed UN Special Envoy Ahmed to “redouble his efforts” with the Yemeni government, Yemeni political groups and countries in the region to coordinate a comprehensive one Establish a ceasefire and the resumption of peaceful dialogue as well as an orderly political transition. All parties should take into account the suffering of Yemeni civilians and support the efforts of the UN Special Envoy. Ban was “very well aware” that postponing or delaying the return to the political process would ultimately exacerbate the steadily deepening humanitarian crisis.

On May 27, 2015, Ban expressed his concern over the escalation of fighting on the ground and the air strikes in Yemen since the end of the “humanitarian pause” in a telephone conversation with the Yemeni exiled President Hadi. He reiterated to Hadi his "firm belief" that there was no military solution to the conflict and recalled that he had asked UN Special Envoy Ahmed to "redouble his efforts" to help the Yemeni government, political groups and countries to consult the region with the aim of convening them for talks in Geneva as early as possible.

On June 2, 2015, the UN Security Council supported a call by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon for another “humanitarian break” in the struggles to supply the Yemeni population with urgently needed relief supplies and for peace talks to be held as early as possible. In its statement, the 15-member Council expressed its unanimous opinion that it was “deeply disappointed” about the postponement of the talks planned for May 28 in Geneva. According to media reports, the announcement of a new date for the talks was imminent.

Ban's spokesman Stéphane Dujarric said: "These talks in Geneva must take place without any preconditions." The spokesman for the Yemeni government in exile, Radshah Badi, confirmed efforts to meet in Geneva "in two weeks", but called for the talks to be a precondition should be based on UN Resolution 2216, in which the Houthi rebels were asked to withdraw from the areas they occupied. Badi said a ceasefire was not the subject of talks at this point.

The Arab military coalition continued to oppose an end to the air strikes as long as the Houthis do not withdraw from the areas they have occupied since the outbreak of the conflict.

Preliminary talks

In late May 2015, the UN special envoy Ahmed went on a mission to discuss the suspended peace talks in Geneva, while fighter jets from the Saudi-led military coalition were attacking rebel positions in the country. Ahmed, who flew to Sanaa on May 29, said, according to rebel-controlled news agency sabanews.net, "all parties in Yemen must return to dialogue". According to a member of Ali Abdullah Salih's General People's Congress , Ahmed met with “top leaders” of the party on May 29 to discuss the conference in Geneva, but not Salih himself.

Salih turned against Saudi Arabia in an interview with a Beirut-based television station on May 29, 2015. Speaking from Sanaa, Salih said in the interview that he had turned down an offer from Saudi Arabia in which he had been offered "millions of dollars" to dissolve the alliance with the Houthis. In his interview, Salih reiterated the call for talks in Geneva between the Yemeni parties and Saudi Arabia, which he accused of causing "turmoil" in the war-torn country. Hadi said: "Sooner or later we will have talks with Saudi Arabia". The talks in Geneva, which Salih himself proposed first, should focus on “transfer of power, selection of a new government” and elections, as well as “condemnation of Saudi aggression”. Shortly after the interview was broadcast, fighter jets belonging to the Saudi-led military coalition attacked a Salih home in his hometown of Sanhan.

A spokesman for the government-in-exile reiterated the Hadi government's demand that the Houthis give up conquered territory and weapons before the Hadi government took part in the talks scheduled for mid-June in Geneva, saying: "This is what we insist on". Mohammed Al-Huthi, the head of the rebel Revolutionary Council, expressed sharp criticism of the air strikes and of Hadi. This hinders negotiations with the demand that the Houthis first have to withdraw from the areas they have conquered - including Sanaa.

On the evening of June 2, 2015, a Hadi employee said that after talks held in Riyadh with the UN special envoy for Yemen, Ismail Ould Sheikh Ahmed, Hadi was ready to travel to Geneva for talks. The withdrawal of the Houthis as a precondition was no longer mentioned. The UN mediator for Yemen Ahmed told the UN Security Council on June 3 that the Hadi government in exile had promised, while the Houthis had yet to confirm their participation.

Talks in Oman

Further talks reportedly took place in Oman, where a Houthi delegation traveled on May 28, 2015, two days after a visit by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif. According to Salih, the US is said to have held talks in Oman. Sabanews.net quoted a Houthi spokesman as saying that an exchange of views and proposals with international and regional parties had been broadcast in Oman.

Oman, the only member of the Gulf Cooperation Council that had not joined the Saudi-waged war, had good connections to both the Iranian and Saudi Arabian leaders, who were politically supportive of the Houthis, and had often played the role of mediator in the past.

In early June, representatives of the United States, whose government had told the media at the end of May that they had no direct contact with the Houthi rebels, relied on the mediation of humanitarian groups in Sana'a for efforts to get US citizens detained in Yemen to be with the Houthi rebels preliminary talks for a possible peace conference. Citing diplomatic circles, the media said that representatives of the Houthi and the US met in Oman for at least three days. On June 2, 2015, the US confirmed that a US envoy in Oman had held talks with Yemeni rebels about attending a peace conference in Geneva in mid-June 2015. According to the US State Department, the talks were attended by the top US diplomat for the Middle East, who held talks with parties involved in the conflict in Yemen, including representatives of the Houthis. Anne Patterson , who had also traveled to Saudi Arabia to discuss the conflict, said she wanted to convince those involved in the conflict to attend the proposed peace conference in Geneva. A diplomat in Oman said the Houthis had told the US that they wanted an end to the bombing and free access for aid organizations to the needy population. Apparently as a result of negotiations with US diplomats in Muscat, a US reporter "officially arrested" two weeks earlier by the rebels and a citizen of Singapore were released. In addition, efforts to hold a peace conference in Geneva should be resumed. According to media reports, informal talks in the Omani capital of Muscat paved the way for the UN-mediated peace talks in Geneva on June 14, 2015.

The Hadi government-in-exile said they had been informed of the talks in Oman, which were held at the request of the US, but would not take part.

UN-brokered Geneva peace talks from June 15th

Scheduled for June 14th

After weeks of shuttle diplomacy by UN special envoy Ahmed and direct talks between US representatives and the Houthi rebels, the UN set June 14, 2015 as the new date for peace talks in Geneva between the Yemeni conflict parties. On June 3, 2015, the Yemeni UN ambassador Chaled Aljemani announced to the media that all Yemeni conflict parties would begin peace talks in Geneva on June 14, 2015, through UN mediation, and that the UN will soon announce the provisional date.

According to information from diplomatic circles, the talks should aim to secure a ceasefire, agree on a Houthi withdrawal plan and accelerate the delivery of humanitarian aid. As the trial date was shortly before the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan , it was suspected that UN mediator Ahmed was hoping for an agreement on a ceasefire during Ramadan.

It was suspected that the UN wanted to hold a first round of negotiations between the Houthi and the Hadi government in exile, in which the two parties should agree on a way to implement UN resolution 2216, which essentially puts an end to the fighting, the withdrawal of the Houthi from the territories they had conquered and demanded the return of the weapons that the Houthi had taken from the army.

According to the UN spokesman Ahmad Fawzi, the talks will last two to three days and will not be open to the public. For the first time since the beginning of the Saudi-led military intervention, the conflicting parties wanted to meet in Geneva on June 14 for peace talks. 14 Yemenis were to take part in the negotiations under UN mediation - seven from each side.

Assessments of the military and political starting position

Experts do not expect a breakthrough in the difficult starting position of the negotiations. While Hadi, supported by Saudi Arabia, insisted, with reference to UN Resolution 2216, that the Houthis should withdraw from the cities and recognize Hadi as head of state, the Houthis did not want to give up the land gains they had made despite the Saudi-led air strikes .

Shortly before the Geneva peace negotiations on Yemen, the parties to the conflict showed that they were unwilling to compromise. The conflict situation was described as complex. In the opinion of Sebastian Sons from the German Society for Foreign Policy , there was so much at stake for everyone involved that simple negotiations were not to be expected. According to the Yemeni analyst Abdel-Bari Taher, “all parties” “barricaded” behind their positions in the run-up to the talks and continued to focus more on war than on political agreement.

The fact that the UN-mediated “consultations” of June 14 in Geneva were called “peace talks” was sometimes viewed as ambitious. Immediately before the start of the meeting in Switzerland, the UN also dampened expectations. The UN special envoy for Yemen Ahmed warned against too high expectations for the meeting. First of all, it is a matter of creating a basis for further discussions and discussing a new ceasefire. Ahmed now spoke literally of “preliminary inclusive consultations”.

Military starting position

While the suffering of the population in Yemen from the catastrophic humanitarian situation increased, the rebels seemed to be "stronger than ever before" according to the media (Rainer Hermann / FAZ). According to media reports, it was sometimes said that the Saudi-led military coalition had succeeded in destroying a large part of the heavy weapons of the Houthi rebels and Salih's troops and inflicting significant losses on them. But even after 11 weeks, the Saudi air war had hardly been able to militarily weaken the Houthis, which were supported by a large part of the Yemeni army, and could not push them back. Despite the destruction of many of their heavy weapons, the Houthi militia and army units loyal to Salih controlled most of the densely populated West and continued to attack Saudi territory with shellfire or rockets on a daily basis. The firing of a Scud rocket by the Houthi rebels over the Saudi border and the accompanying border attacks on the ground on June 6th were interpreted as an attempt by the Houthis and the sali-loyal army units that support them to emphasize the vulnerability of the Saudi Arabian kingdom and as a refutation of the Saudi claim that rebel firepower has been destroyed. Immediately before the Geneva talks began, the capture of the important provincial capital, Al-Hasmein, was reported as the rebels' latest military success.

The possibility of a ground operation to support local groups who were still fighting against the Houthis in Aden, Taizz, Marib and ad-Dali 'seemed to have been neglected by the Saudis and their allies of the Arab military coalition from an early age. At least Saudi Arabia did not send its own ground troops to Yemen. Within almost three months, the Saudis had neither succeeded in pacifying the Houthi rebels who dominated Yemen, nor in bringing the Hadi government in exile back to power.

Hadi government in exile

The starting point for negotiations was assessed as very difficult, as Hadi demanded the implementation of UN resolution 2216, according to which the Houthis should withdraw from the cities and recognize Hadi as head of state. The Prime Minister of the government-in-exile, Khaled Bahah, also made it clear that the government-in-exile expected the talks to return to power. Thus the elected, but turned de facto fled out of the country government Hadi before participating in the talks maximum demands.

The Hadi government in exile showed signs of division between the exiled President Hadi and his deputy, Khaled Bahah. Bahah was staying in Djibouti rather than at the headquarters of the government-in-exile in Riyadh, where negotiators were selected on June 10 in his absence. Farea al-Muslimi of the Carnegie Middle East Center believes that negotiators were appointed largely on the basis of their loyalty to Hadi. In his assessment, this demonstrated that the government in exile expected little from the talks and participated for symbolic reasons and more because of international pressure than trying to find a serious solution there. The list of negotiators also included the leader of the Salafist al-Rashad party, Abd al-Wahhab al-Humayqani, who was on a US list for persons to support terrorism. According to Yemeni representatives and foreign diplomats and analysts, Hadi apparently tried to undermine the talks and feared being marginalized in the event that an agreement between the conflicting parties was reached in Geneva or the Saudi-led military campaign ended without a victory. At the same time, Saudi Arabia's support for Hadi seemed to be waning. Since Hadi had no real power base of his own in Yemen, he tried, with the help of Saudi Arabia as his patron, to quickly set up his own military force. When the view in Saudi Arabia grew that the aerial war would not weaken the Houthis' control over Yemen, Saudi Arabia offered Hadi little support for his desire to establish a "safe zone" as a base for his armed forces . On the other hand, Hadi still seemed to be the support of the majority in Saudi Arabia who believed victory in the war was possible.

On the night of June 14, 2015, immediately before the talks began, the delegation of the government-in-exile, led by the Foreign Minister, reiterated its demands that the militia must withdraw from all conquered territories for any ceasefire.

Rebels

The rebels had welcomed the idea of participating in the UN-supported peace talks, which among other things had the goal of bringing representatives of the rebels and the exile government of Hadi to one table after separate talks. For the Houthi, however, according to the media, there was “no good reason” (tagesschau.de) to give up the land gains they had made despite the air strikes, especially since Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen had been unsuccessful up to this point and Saudi Arabia had not achieved a war goal .

It was assumed that Ali Salih, who had fought with him in the conflict on the side of the Houthis towards loyal sections of the army, wanted to continue to participate in power, even if he could hardly hope for a new appointment as president. The UN intended to also invite Salih's party, the General People's Congress, to the talks. Most of the other Yemeni parties, as well as the activists of the democracy movement who caused Salih's overthrow, opposed the admission of Salih's political participation in Yemen.

Shortly before the planned peace talks, rumors were spread in the media that the "Houthi rebels" were supposedly "questioning" the peace talks (Björn Blaschke / ARD) and that the rebels' participation was in question. It was pointed out that the rebels had not boarded a scheduled flight to bring the rebel envoys to the UN in Geneva. The communist politician Ali al Srary was quoted in Sana'a with unofficial information that the rebels, who were not a single group but a coalition, were at odds over the question of the composition of their joint delegation. Al Srary claimed that it was "said that Saleh claimed the majority in the delegation for himself, so that he had more envoys than the Houthis". According to media reports, some rebels are also allegedly against the idea of two separate delegations, since one side, the rebels, appears as a “coup” group and the other as the legitimate government side because it was elected, so that no discussion between equals is possible.

Contrary to what the media said, a Houthi representative said that the rebels' refusal to take the UN plane from Sanaa to Geneva on June 13 was based on the plane making a stop in Saudi Arabia, the violent one Carried out air strikes against the rebels. UN spokesman Ahmad Fawzi said that representatives from both sides would be expected in Switzerland on the evening of June 14th. The UN still expected the talks to start on June 15, 2015.

Saudi Arabia

Particular importance for the talks was attributed to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the leader of the military coalition, which, according to Sebastian Sons, was pursuing its own foreign and domestic political interests with the attacks and would press for guarantees at the Geneva talks that would reduce the influence of the Houthis restricted.

Due to the failure of the Saudi-led military operation in an attempt to change the balance of power in Yemen, it was assumed that the options for Saudi Arabia to reinstate the Hadi government-in-exile in Yemen were disappearing. It was believed that Hadi and the Saudis would have to make significant concessions to the Houthis in order to induce them to give in. The Saudi leadership was faced with the choice of accepting the de facto control of their opponents over Sanaa and reaching an agreement with them or continuing the fighting with the danger that Yemen would sink into complete chaos and thus threaten the security of the Saudi security will. Well-informed diplomatic circles said the US was pressuring the Saudis to accept the talks, but reluctantly because they were in such a weak position beyond the air in Yemen.

The Saudis were under international pressure to curb their offensive, which by then may have killed 2,000 Yemeni civilians. According to the media, international powers were keen to find a solution to the conflict as they feared an increase in power for the AQAP, which had used the chaos in the country for territorial gains. Yemen expert Laurent Bonnefoy from the International Research Center at Sciences Po thought it possible that the talks provided a "respite" that would allow Saudi Arabia to call a ceasefire. This could initiate more serious discussions and “save face for the Saudis by ending an offensive that they clearly cannot win in the field”.

First reactions from the conflicting parties

Both the exiled President Hadi and the Houthi movement Ansar Allah agreed to take part in the peace talks in Geneva. For the Houthi rebels, their representative Mohammed al-Houthi told the media on June 3 that they were willing to take part in the UN conference. The Hadi government in exile also agreed. Daifallah al-Shami from the Houthi rebel Politburo said they would send representatives to Geneva and support the UN efforts without any preconditions. He told the media that the rebels would not accept any conditions from other parties for the talks to come about.

On June 5, 2015, both the Houthi rebels and the Yemeni government in exile agreed to take part in the UN-brokered peace talks in Geneva. The provisional meeting in Geneva, scheduled for June 14, represented the first significant effort to put an end to the fighting that, according to the UN, had led to a catastrophic humanitarian situation in the country.

On June 6, 2015, UN Secretary General Ban welcomed Hadi's readiness to send a delegation to the internal Yemeni deliberations scheduled for June 14, which the UN Special Envoy had announced. In the statement, Ban said he was “just as satisfied” that delegations from the Yemeni parties from the “capital Sanaa” had promised the UN special envoy that they would participate in the deliberations. Ban reiterated his urgent appeal to all Yemeni parties to act in good faith, unconditionally and in the interests of the entire Yemeni people. He also repeated his call for another “humanitarian break”, which would allow humanitarian aid to be made available to all Yemenis and which could be conducive to peaceful dialogue.

On June 9, 2015, the holding of the Geneva peace talks "without preconditions from any group, with goodwill and under the auspices of the UN" was welcomed by the General People's Congress, the party of Ali Abdullah Salih, who, according to the party, did not attend the meeting. The party said it had not yet received a formal invitation from the UN, but that the UN envoy met with representatives of the party in Sanaa in late March 2015 as part of an effort to participate in the Geneva Talks. Salih, who had proposed Geneva as a meeting place for talks as a compromise between the rebel-held city of Sanaa and the Saudi retreat of ex-president Hadi, Riyadh, was still subject to UN sanctions, their implementation - as well as the against his son Ahmed Ali Abdullah Salih and against the Houthi leader Abdulmalek al-Huthi - the EU had announced on June 8th.

Late on June 9, 2015, Houthi spokesman Mohammed Abdel-Salam said that the representation of the Houthis at the conference was still being discussed and had to be finalized.

International reactions

Iran welcomed the peace talks between the conflicting parties in Yemen planned for mid-June 2015 and pointed out that it had pleaded for an internal dialogue and against a violent conflict from the beginning of the conflict. Foreign Office spokeswoman Marsieh Afcham said at a press conference that the goal should be an end to violence in Yemen. The Iranian leadership is ready to cooperate in any way, only the preconditions for the talks in Geneva are not a good basis.

On June 10, China also pushed for a ceasefire and dialogue for a political solution in Yemen. The Chinese ambassador for the Hemen, Tian Qi, said China hoped a ceasefire could be reached as early as possible and that all parties would follow UN resolutions and seek a political solution, according to the Chinese government. China is ready to do everything in its power to help.

While the UN was preparing for the peace talks in Geneva, 13 international humanitarian organizations ( Adventist Development and Relief Agency International , ZOA, Norwegian Refugee Council, INTERSOS, CARE , Action Contre la Faim , Oxfam, International Rescue Committee , Relief International, Friedrich Ebert called Foundation , Save the Children , Progressio) on June 11, 2015, called on the “international community” to support a lasting solution that “could save the lives of millions of civilians in Yemen”. What Yemen urgently needs is a permanent ceasefire, an end to the Saudi-led economic blockade, a halt in arms deliveries to those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law, and a significant increase in humanitarian and long-term funding.

Khalid al-Attiyah , Foreign Minister of Qatar (Photo: 2014)

After Qatar Foreign Minister Khalid al-Attiyah chaired a meeting with colleagues from the Gulf Cooperation Council, he said on June 11, 2015 that the Saudi-led military coalition would continue bombing the rebels in Yemen for over two months until the UN Resolution 2216, calling for the rebels to withdraw, comes into effect. Al-Attiyah went on to say, "Our brothers in Yemen have assured us" that the talks would take place within the framework of UN Security Council resolutions, the results of the national security dialogue and the Gulf Cooperation Council initiative.

Government-in-exile refuses to negotiate on June 14th

The government of exiled President Hadi demonstratively downplayed the importance of the Geneva talks in advance and spoke of simple "consultations" in order to implement UN Security Council Resolution 2216, which was passed in mid-April and which affirmed Hadi's legitimacy, imposed sanctions on the rebels and their withdrawal on positions before the conflict began in September 2014.

Contrary to Ban’s request of June 7, 2015, to all sides to participate without any preconditions in Geneva, in an interview broadcast on June 8, the exiled President Hadi set new conditions and insisted that the only subject of discussion was the implementation of the UN Resolution calling for the rebels to withdraw. According to media reports, Hadi took “a hard line”, ruled out negotiations with the rebels and denounced the Iranian leadership for engaging in “dangerous” interference in Yemen. Hadi said the only subject for talks on June 14 in Geneva would be the implementation of the UN Security Council resolution, which was passed in April 2015, calling for the rebels to withdraw from the territory they have captured. On the TV channel Al-Arabiya, Hadi said verbatim: “There will be no negotiations.” He went on to say: “It will only be a discussion of how UN Security Council Resolution 2216 will be implemented. We will hold a consultation. ”When asked whether his government's delegation would discuss a reconciliation with the rebel negotiating team, he strictly denied it. The Prime Minister of the Yemeni government-in-exile and vice-president, Khaled Bahah, reiterated Hadi's remarks at a news conference in Riyadh, saying that the meeting in Geneva was merely a “consultative” process and that the government-in-exile was participating solely with the aim of “implementing 2216 and the Reinstate the state ”, which was overrun by the Houthis. When the legitimate government is reinstated, Bahah continued, "all political groups will return to dialogue to restart the political process ... and approve the draft constitution and organize elections". In the interview, Hadi again attacked Iran, claiming that it interfered in Yemen's affairs and was therefore "more dangerous than al-Qaeda".

Postponed to June 15th

According to the UN, the negotiations scheduled for June 14, 2015 were postponed to June 15 due to "unforeseen events". The media reported that new bombings on Sanaa may have hampered peace talks in Geneva. The UN said the talks were postponed when one of the delegations was late. In addition, the UN special envoy announced on June 12th that both sides would initially not sit together at the same table.

The Houthi leaders unconditionally confirmed their attendance for June 15, but complained that there was a lack of clarity as to who would attend and what would be discussed there.

Talks in Geneva from June 15-19

The Houthi rebel delegation arrived in Geneva on June 16, 2015, one day late.

Because of the deep rifts, contacts were initially supposed to go through the UN special envoy Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, who was supposed to commute between the various hotel rooms in which the representatives of the conflicting parties were accommodated.

UN Secretary General Ban turned to the Yemeni warring parties in Geneva, demanding a two-week ceasefire. Ban warned that a collapse of the Yemeni state could set the entire region ablaze, saying: “Today Yemen's existence is on the brink of danger. While the parties argue, Yemen is on fire. "

Exile President Hadi, who was in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah , repeated that the delegation of the Yemeni government in exile in Geneva would only hold talks on matters relating to UN resolution 2216.

A member of the rebel group ruled out the dialogue with "those who have no legitimacy", referring to the Yemeni government in exile and calling for talks with Saudi Arabia.

The Hadi government in exile in Yemen, despite pressure from the “international community”, rejected the humanitarian ceasefire in Ramadan, which began on June 18, as requested by UN Secretary General Ban at the beginning of the meeting. The vice-president of the government-in-exile, Khaled Bahah, said in Cairo on June 18, to justify the rejection of a ceasefire, that the previous ceasefire in May had been used by the Houthi rebels to bring further areas under their control. A representative of the former state party GPC, which is cooperating with the rebels, said on the sidelines of the Geneva talks that the Houthis would be ready to cease fire on condition that the Saudi bombing, which continued despite the peace talks, would end.

The negotiations stalled, according to the media, as the Yemeni government-in-exile insisted that the rebels withdraw from the extensive territory under their control and through protests from the Yemeni government-in-exile over the size of the rebel delegation, which was twice the amount previously agreed maximum of 10 heads. During the talks in Geneva it was not possible to bring the opposing parties to one table.

On June 19, the peace talks for Yemen in Geneva ended without an agreement on a ceasefire. According to the UN, there has not yet been a date for a second round. UN special envoy Ahmed said on a press release: “We do not want to hold another meeting. We thought it would be better to return to shuttle diplomacy now. ”The humanitarian situation does not allow any further waiting and needs to be addressed urgently. Therefore a "humanitarian break" is needed and has priority. Ahmed promised to intensify his efforts. The consultations in Geneva were only the beginning of a long process.

The Foreign Minister of the Yemeni government in exile, Riyadh Jassin, said his delegation had come to the talks "full of hope". However, the delegation of the Houthi rebels “unfortunately did not make it possible” to make “real progress” in the talks. Efforts to find a negotiated solution should, however, be continued.

The UN announced a ceasefire from July 10th to 17th

The ceasefire was declared after UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon had received assurances from Hadi and the Houthi rebels that they would respect the ceasefire. The ceasefire came into effect just before midnight local time (8:59 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time ) and was expected to last until the end of Ramadan on July 17.

The military coalition led by Saudi Arabia did not take part in the ceasefire, but continued its bombing in Yemen even after the ceasefire began and, contrary to UN information, claimed that it had not been requested by the Yemeni government in exile Hadi to comply with the ceasefire . The military coalition, led by Saudi Arabia, declared on July 11th that it did not feel bound by the break in fighting, and as a result launched numerous air strikes on Houthi rebel positions. The fighting also continued on the ground.

UN efforts in advance

After the failed peace talks in Geneva in mid-June 2015, the UN envoy for Yemen, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, arrived in Sana'a on July 5, 2015 with the aim of negotiating with the conflicting parties and a ceasefire until the end of the Muslim month of fasting Mediate Ramadan in mid-July to enable humanitarian aid for the population. After talks with Hadi's representatives in Riyadh on July 1, Ahmed was optimistic that a humanitarian ceasefire could be agreed.

After the UN classified the war in Yemen on July 1, 2015 with the highest possible rating as a level three humanitarian crisis, the USA also called for a "humanitarian break" in Yemen on July 2 during the fasting month of Ramadan, which it Allow the international aid organizations to bring urgently needed food, medicine and fuel to the people of Yemen. The EU announced on July 3rd that it would support the UN's efforts to achieve a permanent, predictable and sustainable humanitarian ceasefire and called on the Saudi-led armed forces to ease the restrictions on ships entering Yemeni ports.

On July 4, the Houthi movement announced that its spokesman, Mohammed Abdul Salam, had met with the UN special envoy for Yemen on July 3 and that the Houthi movement was in talks with the UN about an end of the Ramadan's ongoing lull in the fight that allowed the delivery of humanitarian aid.

According to media reports, the UN special envoy for Yemen also held talks with the pro-Hadi government in Saudi Arabia to push for a ceasefire.

During the visit of the UN special envoy to Yemen in Sanaa, the Saudi Arabia-led military alliance bombed Sanaa, killing a number of people on July 6, 2015, according to media reports. According to reports from party officials and witnesses, the headquarters of the General People's Congress Party (GPC) of former President Salih had been bombed. GPC deputy general secretary Faeqa al-Sayed accused the Saudi-led military coalition of undermining the UN's ceasefire efforts with the air strikes. A total of around 100 people - including women and children - were killed in air strikes by the Saudi-led military alliance on July 6, according to the Saba news agency, which is under the control of the Houthi.

On July 8, 2015, the Hadi government in exile told the UN that it would agree to a ceasefire to end the three-month fighting under certain conditions. Conditions include that the Houthi movement release prisoners, including the defense minister loyal to the Hadi government, and that the Houthis withdraw from four southern and eastern provinces where they are fighting local militias. According to the UN , the Houthis, the General People's Congress and other parties had given assurances that the ceasefire “will be fully respected and that there will be no injuries to combatants under their control”. One day later, on July 9th, the UN announced the start of a humanitarian ceasefire in Yemen on July 10th, 2015, to create an opportunity to deliver much-needed aid to the civilian population. Hadi has also informed the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition that he supports the ceasefire. In contrast, the Saudi-led military coalition stated on July 11th after the ceasefire had broken that it had "received no mandate from the legitimate Yemeni government to request a ceasefire or cessation of military operations."

course

According to the UN, the ceasefire should begin on the night of July 10th and last until the end of the fasting month of Ramadan on July 17th. According to media reports, "the Arab military coalition and the Houthi rebels in Yemen" wanted to let their arms rest for a week.

According to media reports, UN diplomats hoped that the temporary ceasefire could form the basis for a long-term ceasefire. On July 10th, the UN Security Council called on all sides of the Yemen conflict to comply with the UN-brokered Ramadan ceasefire and appealed to the parties to "exercise restraint in cases of isolated violations and avoid escalation". WFP spokeswoman Abeer Etefa called the ceasefire "our last hope" to gain access to the areas that needed help. UN spokesman Stéphane Dujarric said it was “imperative and urgent” that humanitarian aid could reach particularly vulnerable people in Yemen “unhindered and not bound by conditions over a humanitarian break”.

In contrast, the Saudi-led military alliance continued its bombing of rebel positions after the ceasefire began on July 11th, and clashes between insurgent and pro-government fighters continued. According to media reports, the Saudi-led military coalition had not committed to a ceasefire.

Break and rejection by the Saudi-led military alliance

Houthi leader Abdulmalik al-Huthi had already said on July 10 in a TV broadcast on the Houthi-controlled Al-Masirah channel, referring to the Saudis' lack of consent to the ceasefire, that he did not expect the ceasefire to continue and called for an end to the Saudi "aggression": "We do not have much hope that the ceasefire will be successful". "The success of the ceasefire," al-Houthi continues, "depends on the Saudi regime's commitment and requires a complete end to the aggression."

A Saudi representative had rejected the ceasefire as "useless" and said the Saudi-led military coalition had received "no evidence of a commitment from the other side". After the truce broke on July 11, a spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition said the military alliance was not abiding by the ceasefire because it was broken by the Houthis and their allies. At the same time, he called on international UN observers to monitor the ceasefire and report violations. At the same time, the Saudi-led military alliance ignored the ceasefire and stated that it had not received an official request from the government-in-exile from President Hadi to abide by the ceasefire. The Saudi-led military coalition claimed on July 11 after the break of the ceasefire that it had "received no mandate from the legitimate Yemeni government to request a ceasefire or cessation of military operations." The spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition, Brigadier General Ahmed al-Assiri, said the Saudi-led military alliance "did not address this ceasefire because it did not offer a commitment from the Houthi militia." The Asharq al-Awsat newspaper reported that al-Assiri said there was no ceasefire because the Houthis had not committed to a ceasefire and UN observers were not on the ground to monitor possible violations of the ceasefire. In addition, the Saudi-led military alliance stated that there had been no coordination meetings with UN representatives.

The official Yemen news agency, which is controlled by Hadi's government-in-exile, accused the Houthi rebels and their army allies, who were loyal to former President Salih, of having deployed more troops to Taizz before the ceasefire began.

Contrary to the representation of the Saudi Arabia-led military coalition on July 11th that the Yemeni government in exile Hadi had not requested compliance with the ceasefire, the office of UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon had previously announced that President Hadi, who had fled to Riyadh, had previously reported had informed the Saudi-led military alliance that he would accept the ceasefire. This was done to ensure the support of the Saudi-led military coalition. Ban Ki-moon had literally stated in his statement on July 9th that "the president has given the coalition his consent to the break in order to ensure their support and cooperation".

Alleged Cairo talks with the participation of Salih

On July 23, 2015, Reuters reported that, according to information from his party (General People's Congress), representatives of Ali Abdullah Salih were in Cairo in talks with diplomats from the UN, Great Britain and the UAE for a peaceful solution to the conflict in Yemen.

An official statement by the party later on July 23 denied that a meeting had taken place. Two Western diplomats said it was of minor importance to Reuters, saying it was routine talks with Yemeni officials. Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Al-Jubeir told Reuters that he supports every effort to find a peaceful solution to the war in Yemen. According to Reuters, it was not clear at the time whether forces related to Salih had withdrawn from the fighting over the strategically important port of Aden.

Destruction in southern Sanaa by an airstrike on June 12, 2015 during Operation Restoring Hope (Photo taken on June 13, 2015)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen: Troops loyal to the government in the port city of Aden on the advance ( memento from July 15, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, "July 14, 2015" (APA, Reuters, July 15, 2015).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Fire break not observed - Houthi rebels ousted from the airport in Yemen ( memento from July 14, 2015 on WebCite ) , merkur.de, July 14, 2015 (dpa report).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen - First ministers in exile return to Aden ( Memento from July 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 16, 2015.

↑ Yemen: "Aden is a ghost town" ( Memento from April 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 6, 2015.

↑ Yemen is sinking into chaos ( memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , inforadio.de, April 12, 2015, by Mareike Transfeld.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Aims of the Yemeni militia - Who are the Houthis? ( Memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 29, 2015.

↑ Middle East expert on the conflict in Yemen - "The risk of attacks is growing" ( Memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Mareike Transfeld, in: Saudi Arabia's air strikes further destabilize Yemen ( Memento from April 15, 2015 on WebCite ) , Science and Politics Foundation, Briefly, March 31, 2015. Also published as: Guest contribution: How Saudi Arabia den Yemen destabilized ( page 1 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite ), page 2 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite ), page 3 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite )), Handelsblatt, April 5, 2015.

↑ Fight against former friends - The West is so deep in the Yemen war ( memento from April 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 7, 2015, by Christoph Herwartz.

↑ ^a ^b Background: The actors in the chaos of Yemen ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 27, 2015, by Peter Steffe.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Why war against Yemen now? ( Memento from April 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , Telepolis, April 9, 2015, by Georg Meggle.

↑ Russia calls for air strikes in Yemen to be suspended ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 4, 2015.

↑ Yemen expert: “Al-Qaeda will most likely benefit from the conflict” ( Memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, April 13, 2015 (Teresa Eder, derStandard.at, April 10, 2015), interview by Teresa Eder with Marie-Christine Heinze.

↑ ^a ^b Military operation in Yemen: Saudi Arabia forges alliance against Iran ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Der Spiegel, March 26, 2015, by Christoph Sydow.

↑ Houthi rebels - The fight for Yemen is only just beginning ( Memento from April 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, March 26, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.

↑ ^a ^b Human rights activists see evidence of cluster bombs in Yemen ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 3, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Saudi-led campaign drops US-made cluster bombs on Yemen rebels: HRW ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Aljazeera America, May 3, 2015.

↑ Yemen: Saudi-led coalition faces claims of ground offensive and cluster bomb use ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). euronews.com, May 3, 2015.

↑ Senegal to support Yemen campaign ( Memento of 7 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). BBC News, May 5, 2015.

↑ «Storm of Determination»: Saudi Arabia starts military operation in Yemen ( memento from April 7, 2015 on WebCite ), blick.ch, March 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Despite the ongoing fighting, the signs point to a ceasefire in Yemen ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, May 10, 2015.

↑ War in Yemen - Pakistan does not take part in air strikes ( page 1 ( memento of April 11, 2015 on WebCite ), page 2 ( memento of April 11, 2015 on WebCite )), Handelsblatt, April 10, 2015.

^ Yemen - Iran calls for a ceasefire, Saudi Arabia rejects it ( Memento from April 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 12, 2015.

↑ Heavy fighting in Yemen - "Conflict threatens to take on a religious dimension" ( Memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, Interview by Dirk-Oliver Heckmann with Guido Steinberg, April 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Operation in Yemen: Saudi Arabia declares air strikes over ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 21, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Houthis in Yemen ready for talks ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 22, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Saudi Arabia's military offensive in Yemen: Bombed and won nothing ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 22, 2015, by Christoph Sydow.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Civil War - Saudi Arabia ends air strikes in Yemen ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 21, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Military operation in Yemen - Saudi Arabia announces new phase ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 21, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Civil war - Arab military coalition ends air strikes on Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, April 21, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Military operation against the Houthi militia - Fighting continues in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 22, 2015.

↑ Saudi-led Airstrikes Hit Yemen's Houthi Rebels ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, April 20, 2015, by Edward Yeranian.

↑ AP Interview: Yemen peace talks inevitable, says UN official ( Memento of 29 April 2015 Webcite ) (English). dailymail.co.uk, April 23, 2015.

↑ Multiple air raids hit Yemen despite calls for talks ( Memento of 29 April 2015 Webcite ) (English). Al Jazeera, April 23, 2015.

↑ Saudi-led airstrikes bomb Yemen's Shiite rebels in 6 cities ( Memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). news.yahoo.com (AP bulletin) April 23, 2015, by Ahmed Al-Haj.

↑ Saudis bomb further ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , Junge Welt, April 29, 2015, by Knut Mellenthin.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi Arabia cannot win the conflict in Yemen by military means ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , Badische Zeitung, April 23, 2015, by Karim El-Gawhary.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Saudi military operation: Poker in Yemen ( memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, April 22, 2015 (print version: April 23, 2015), by Gudrun Harrer.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Saudi Resolve on Yemen Reflects Limits of US Strategy ( Memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The New York Times, April 22, 2015, by Eric Schmitt and Michael R. Gordon.

↑ ^a ^b ^c U.S.-Backed Saudi War in Yemen Continues as Aid Groups Describe "Catastrophic" Humanitarian Crisis ( Memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Democracy Now, April 23, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Saudi's Announce Halt to Yemen Bombing Campaign ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The New York Times, April 21, 2015, by Kareem Fahim and Mark Mazzetti.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Saudi Arabia donates $ 274 million for humanitarian actions ... ( Memento April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , Telepolis, April 23, 2015, by Thomas Pany.

↑ 2015 Yemen Intervention Map ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , American Enterprise Institute , April 23, 2015, by Katherine Zimmerman ( larger jpg ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite ), PDF ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite )).

↑ ^a ^b Saudi air strikes in Yemen again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, April 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Saudi Arabia continues fight against Houthi - fighter jets bomb targets in Yemen ( memento from April 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 27, 2015.

^ ^A ^b Yemen conflict - Saudi fighter jets bomb Houthi rebels in South Yemen ( memento from April 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, April 27, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Sunni Alliance continues air strikes - Yemen - no peace in sight ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 28, 2015, by Sabine Rossi.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Assault on border posts - Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabia ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Reports on Arab ground troops in Yemen ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , Basler Zeitung, May 3, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen - Saudi Arabian coalition attacks Houthi rebels again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , dradiowissen.de, April 26, 2015.

↑ Skirmishes with tanks and missiles - fighting in Yemen is getting more and more brutal ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Fight against Houthi rebels - Saudi Arabia agrees to cease fire in Yemen ( memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, May 7, 2015, by Markus Bickel.

↑ ^a ^b Yemeni Fighters Trained in Persian Gulf Are Said to Join Saudi-Led Mission ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 3, 2015, by Saeed al-Batati and Kareem Fahim.

↑ ^a ^b War in Yemen - ceasefire with ground troops ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , taz.de, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bombs instead of relief flights in Yemen ( Memento from May 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, May 9, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b No End Near to Yemen Conflict, Analysts Say ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, April 24, 2015 by Heather Murdock.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen asks international community for help against rebels ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e UN prepare airlift in Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, May 5, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Saudi Arabia examines the use of ground troops in Yemen ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d After the advance of the Houthi rebels - Dramatic appeal from Yemen ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f What can we do in 5 days? Aid workers skeptical of Saudi truce ( Memento of 8 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). IRIN Middle East, May 7, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Saving the Saudis From Their Yemen Disaster ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Bloomberg View, May 10, 2015, from Bloomberg View's editorials.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi proposes five-day Yemen ceasefire ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). dailymail.co.uk, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Sanaa appeals to the Security Council - Saudi Arabia offers Yemen a ceasefire ( memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e War in Yemen - Saudi Arabia offers ceasefire ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen: Houthis report shooting down of fighter jets from Morocco ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 11, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Artillery duels on the border between Yemen and Saudi Arabia ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 11, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Medical Need Climbs Alongside Death Toll in Yemen ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 27, 2015, by Mohammed Ali Kalfood and Kareem Fahim.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen: Yemen - Conflict (ECHO Daily Flash of 22 July 2015) ( Memento of 23 July 2015 on Webcite ) (English), European Commission Humanitarian Aid department Country: Yemen, April 22, 2015.

^ Crisis in Yemen - Obama warns Iran against arms deliveries to Houthis ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, April 21, 2015.

↑ Saudi Arabia stops air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 21, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Yemen: New air strikes despite the announced stop ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , DiePresse.com, April 22, 20915.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Again air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 22, 2015, by Andreas Gorzewski.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, April 23, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Military offensive: Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 23, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen - Saudi Arabia continues to fly air strikes - The first phase of air strikes against the Houthi rebels has ended, but the bombing continues. The rebels are open to a political solution ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 22, 2015.

↑ Yemen: Senior al-Qaida leader killed in US drone attack ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, May 7, 2015.

↑ Possible arms deliveries: Iranian ship convoy off Yemen's coast is turning ( memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 24, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b No end to violence - 92 people die in fighting in Yemen ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 25, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fighting in Yemen is spreading ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , orf.at, April 26, 2015.

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e residents - Several air strikes on Yemen's capital Sanaa ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, April 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Fighting in Yemen - Air strikes on Sanaa again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , Handelsblatt, April 26, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Iran condemns the Saudi attack on planes in Sanaa ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , sz-online.de (dpa report), April 29, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Air raid in Yemen: Saudi Arabian fighter jets destroy runway in Sanaa ( memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 28, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Saudi Arabia destroys the runway at Sanaa Airport ( memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, April 28, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi-led coalition bombs Yemen airport to prevent Iranian plane from landing ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Middle East Eye, April 28, 2015.

↑ IS terror and the Yemen crisis - Saudis allegedly stop Iranian aircraft with an air strike in Yemen ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , focus.de, April 29, 2015.

^ ^A ^b Saudi Arabia destroys runway at Sanaa airport ( memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , NZZ, April 28, 2015.

↑ Saudi Arabia continues bombing war - destruction at Yemen's most important airport in Sanaa prevents delivery of humanitarian aid ( memento from May 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , new-deutschland.de, May 2, 2015, by Oliver Eberhardt.

^ ^A ^b Yemen: Fighting in Aden, Saudis bombing the airport ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, April 30, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fierce fighting in Aden since the end of March ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, April 30, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d War in Yemen - No help possible - After months of fighting between rival groups, the United Nations and other aid organizations are warning of a humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen. In the port city of Aden, some residential areas resemble a war zone ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , nwzonline.de, May 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dozens of dead in fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Russia resolution fails - UN Security Council disagreed over the Yemen crisis ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Handelsblatt, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen - Saudi border guards attacked ( memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Riyadh: Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabian soil - apparently dozens of deaths in skirmishes ( memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, May 1, 2015.

↑ Yemen: Saudi Army fends off major Houthi attack ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Civil War in Yemen - Confusion about Arab Ground Forces ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 3, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Arab Alliance sends reconnaissance troops to Yemen ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 4, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen - Mandate to invade ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 7, 2015, by Ronen Steinke.

↑ ^a ^b Fight against Houthi rebels - advance guard for ground troops in Yemen? ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 3, 2015, by Björn Blaschke.

↑ ^a ^b newspaper - Arab ground troops intervene in the Yemen conflict ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 3, 2015.

↑ Fight against Houthi rebels Arab ground forces in Yemen? ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 3, 2015.

^ Yemen - Saudi Arabia denies the use of ground troops ( memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 3, 2015.

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen conflict - Houthis bombard Saudi border town - UN for ceasefire ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, May 5, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen - Four Saudis die at the border from being shot at by Houthi rebels ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, May 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Numerous refugees killed in fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.de, May 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Yemen - Houthi rebels take the presidential palace ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Yemen pleads with UN Security Council for land forces ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). aljazeera.com, May 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 8, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Yemen - Five-day ceasefire for the suffering population ( Memento from May 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, May 9, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Unilateral Saudi cease-fire in Yemen to begin on May 12 ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Deutsche Welle, May 8, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Date Set for 'Pause' In Yemen Fighting ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). VOA, May 8, 2015, by Pamela Dockins.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi Arabia Announces Cease-Fire in Yemen ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 8, 2015, by Alissa J. Rubin and Kareem Fahim.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen conflict: UN criticises Saudi civilian bombings ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). BBC News, May 10, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: UN coordinator ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Reuters US, May 9, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Arab Military Alliance bombs weapons depot near Sanaa ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 11, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Five days of ceasefire: The ceasefire in Yemen has begun ( Memento from May 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, May 12, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi Arabia flies air strikes Ceasefire in Yemen in danger? ( Memento from May 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 12, 2015.

↑ The ceasefire in Yemen largely lasts ( Memento from May 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , stern.de, May 13, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen - No Water ( Memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 26, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fighters battle Houthis in Yemen's southern city of Aden ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), May 29, 2015, Report: Mohammed Mukhashaf and Mohammed Ghobari.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen has to wait for peace talks ( memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , Neue Luzerner Zeitung, May 25, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Numerous civilians killed in an air strike in Yemen ( Memento from May 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 27, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen External Situation Report # 16 - May 29, 2015 ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Medical Corps), May 29, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 30 May 2015) . May 2015 on WebCite )).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Air strikes kill at least 80 in deadliest bombings of Yemen war ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reuters.com, May 27, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Headlines May 28, 2015 - Yemen: At Least 80 Killed on Deadliest Day of Saudi-Led Strikes ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). democracynow.org, May 28, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen conflict escalates - 44 dead in attack on Sanaa ( memento from June 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, June 7, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen's Hadi says 'no negotiations' with rebels in Geneva ( memento of 8 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 8, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.

↑ US attack on Wuhayshi: Al-Qaida is hard hit by his death ( memento from June 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, June 16, 2015, by Raniah Salloum.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen: Houthi rebels conquer provincial town ( memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) . derstandard.at, June 14, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Conflict in Yemen - Political solution seems possible - The fronts in Yemen have cleared in the last few days. A permanent solution might be possible, but Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are pursuing different goals ( memento from August 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, August 20, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff.

↑ Yemen: Arab military coalition bombs party headquarters ( memento from July 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, July 6, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c At least 30 dead after mutiny conflict in Yemen threatens to escalate again ( memento from July 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, July 8, 2015.

^ Yemen: Army bombs deserters ( memento from July 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 8, 2015.

^ Analysis - Al-Qaeda is the laughing third party in Yemen ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 18, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.

↑ ^a ^b "Liberation" by mercenaries ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , jungewelt.de, page 7, July 18, 2015, by Knut Mellenthin.

↑ 2015 Yemen Crisis Situation Report: July 15 ( memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , American Enterprise Institute , July 15, 2015, by Katherine Zimmerman (with the assistance of: Joseph Hughes and Joshua Koontz).

↑ ^a ^b Yemen govt says Aden 'liberated' but fighting persists ( Memento of 17 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 17, 2015 by Fawaz al-Haidari.

↑ Aden Falls to the Southern Resistance ( Memento of 19 July 2015 Webcite ) , (English) Stratfor , July 17, 2015.

^ ^A ^b Anti-Houthi forces advance in Yemen amid heavy Arab air strikes ( Memento from July 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), trust.org, July 18, 2015, by Noah Browning.

↑ Houthi rebels in Yemen further pushed back ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 18, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Dead in Houthi attacks in Yemen - Aden not yet "liberated"? ( Memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 20, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen rebel fire kills civilians as Aden battle rages ( Memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 19, 2015, by Fawaz al-Haidari.

^ ^A ^b Civil War - Government loyalists advance to the presidential seat in Yemen , wienerzeitung.at, July 19, 2015, accessed on July 19, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen loyalists retake Aden palace, coalition reopens airport ( memento from July 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), April 23, 2015, by Fawaz al-Haidari.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen - Conflict (ECHO, WHO, Daily Flash of 24 August 2015) ( Memento of 25 August 2015 Webcite ) (English), European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office, August 24, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Civil War in Yemen - High Saudi General Killed ( Memento from August 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, August 24, 2015 (ap / afp / dpa / spa).

↑ ^a ^b Terrorists are spreading in Yemen - Al-Qaeda invades Aden ( memento from 23 August 2015 on WebCite ) , t-online.de, 23 August 2015 (AP).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen crisis - Increasing chaos in South Yemen - In Aden, gunmen rule the streets. After a robbery, the ICRC withdrew all foreign employees from the port city ( memento from August 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, August 28, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff.

↑ Yemen - Saudi troops invade across the border for the first time ( memento from August 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, August 26, 2015 (dpa).

↑ Yemen - Saudi Arabia starts major attack on Sanaa ( memento from August 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, August 30, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g UN chief Ban concerned about ongoing fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , orf.at, May 1, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Ban calls for civilian protection in Yemen, urges ceasefire as fuel shortages hamper relief efforts ( memento from 1 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). un.org, April 30, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on the humanitarian crisis in Yemen ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). un.org, April 30, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Amid rising death toll in Yemen, UN urges humanitarian access, respect for international law ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN News Center, April 24, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemeni Blacks Ravaged by Poverty, War ( memento from November 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), voanews.com, October 12, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli and Heather Murdock. Cf .: airstrikes in Yemen Destroy Homes That Can not be Rebuilt ( Memento of 9 November 2015 Webcite ) (English), voanews.com, October 12, 2015.

↑ In pictures: Yemen devastation ( Memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). BBC News, May 8, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Press briefing notes on Yemen, Serbia, Honduras and Albinism website launch ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - Country: Yemen (OHCHR), May 5, 2015, by Ravina Shamdasani.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Civilian Casualties Climb Due to Saudi-Led Airstrikes in Yemen (English). Prensa Latina, May 5, 2015, accessed May 5, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Senegal sends troops to Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, May 5, 2015, by Sarah Steffen.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 31 - 11 May 2015 ( Memento from May 13, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 11, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 13, 2015 on WebCite )).

↑ Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw (EN / AR) ( Memento of 8 May 2015 Webcite ) (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, May 7, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 15, 2015 on WebCite )).

↑ Press briefing note on South Sudan, Yemen, Angola, Indonesia and Republic of Moldova ( Memento of 12 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 12, 2015.

^ ^A ^b Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March — 29 July 2015. (PDF, English). WHO EMRO, [no date], retrieved on August 9, 2015. Also: Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March - 29 July 2015 ( Memento of 27 August 2015 Webcite ) (English), ReliefWeb .int (World Health Organization), July 29, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento of August 27, 2015 on WebCite ))

^ Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries (English). WHO EMRO, version dated June 23, 2015, accessed June 23, 2015; Original publication : Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March-17 June 2015 (PDF). WHO EMRO, [undated], accessed June 23, 2015.

^ Yemen - Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries (English). WHO EMRO, June 3, 2015 version, accessed June 12, 2015; Original publication : Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, March 19 — June 3, 2015 (PDF). WHO EMRO, [undated], accessed June 12, 2015.

↑ Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries . WHO EMRO, May 28, 2015 version, accessed May 28, 2015; Original publication : Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March — 22 May 2015. (PDF). WHO EMRO, [undated], accessed May 28, 2015.

↑ Yemen crisis: Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March - 13 May 2015 ( Memento of 20 May 2015 on Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (World Health Organization), May 13, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 20, 2015 on WebCite )). Original publication : Health facility-based reported deaths and injuries, 19 March — 13 May 2015 ( Memento from May 21, 2015 on WebCite ) (English; PDF), WHO EMRO, [undated].
↑ Yemen: Pro-Houthi Forces Launch Rockets on Saudi City - Indiscriminate Attacks Kill 12 Civilians, Wound Over a Dozen ( Memento from May 13, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Human Rights Watch, May 13, 2015.
↑ Yemen Death Toll Continues to Mount ( Memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, May 22, 2015 by Lisa Schlein.
↑ Two journalists killed in air strike while held hostage ( Memento of 29 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). Reporters Without Borders, May 28, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Crisis Situation Report No. 9 (as of 29 May 2015) ( Memento from 31 May 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 29 May 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 1 June 2015 on WebCite )). Original publication : Yemen: Deteriorating Humanitarian Crisis Situation Report No. 9 (as of 29 May 2015) ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , humanitarianresponse.info, May 29, 2015.
↑ Saudi-led coalition targeting Shiite rebels in Yemen kills at least 20 civilians in airstrikes (English). Fox News, June 11, 2015, accessed June 12, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b After Saudi intervention - Yemen is threatened with disintegration ( Memento from June 22, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Der Tagesspiegel, June 19, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Air strikes on Houthi in Yemen - attack on mosque ( memento from June 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, June 21, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Press briefing notes on Yemen ( Memento from July 21, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, July 21, 2015.
↑ Rebels - 176 dead in one day in air strikes in Yemen ( July 7, 2015 memento on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 7, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Deadly car bombs hit Yemen, day after almost 200 killed ( July 8, 2015 memento on WebCite ) , trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 7, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 15 (as of 13 July 2015) ( Memento from 15 July 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 13 July 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 15 July 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen: At least 45 dead despite the ceasefire ( memento from July 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, July 13, 2015.
↑ loyalists battle rebel holdouts in Yemen's Aden ( Memento of 20 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 20th, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Air strikes on Taes - Doctors Without Borders: At least 65 civilians killed in Yemen ( Memento from August 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, August 21, 2015 (AFP).
↑ 65 Civilians killed in Taiz, Yemen and injured unable to reach hospitals ( Memento of August 21, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Médecins Sans Frontières), August 21, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c First UN flights brings emergency aid to Yemen ( Memento from May 17, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). unhcr.org, May 15, 2015; with reference to the original: http://www.unhcr.org/55561d7b9.html
↑ ^a ^b Yemen Situation UNHCR Crisis Update # 6 (PDF) (English). unhcr.org, May 22, 2015, accessed May 28, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 20 - April 28, 2015 ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), April 28, 2015 ( PDF ( memento of April 29, 2015 on WebCite ).
↑ Huthi rebels absent as Yemeni parties gather in Riyadh ( Memento from May 17, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (AFP), May 17, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UN says half a million Yemenis displaced as capital pounded ( Memento from May 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 19, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
^ Yemen: Humanitarian Pause, Situation Report No. 4 ( Memento from May 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 17, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 18, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen: Rapid Increase in Casualties, Displacement and Scale of Destruction Flash Update 38-4 June 2015 (1000hrs) ( Memento of 5 June 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) , June 4, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen: Humanitarian Snapshot - Displacement (as of 31 May 2015) ( Memento of 5 June 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 1, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Humanitarian Snapshot IDPs, June 03, 2015 ( memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , humanitarianresponse.info, June 3, 2015 ( PDF ( June 5, 2015 memento on WebCite )). Other formats: Yemen: Internal Displacement (as of 31 May 2015) ( Memento of 5 June 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), June 1 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite )).
^ Yemen: Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 14 (as of 6 July 2015) ( Memento from 8 July 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), 6 July 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 8 July 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Task Force on Population Movements Dashboard (as of 5 August 2015) ( Memento from 16 August 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster) , August 5, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from August 16, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen: Task Force on Population Movements 4th Report, 5th August 2015 ( Memento from 16 August 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster) , August 5, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from August 16, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen Protection Cluster: Task Force on Population Movements 4th Report, 5th August 2015 ( Memento from 16 August 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), August 5, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from August 16, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Task Force on Population Movement, 5th Report, October 14, 2015 ( Memento of October 31, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster), October 14, 2015 ( original on humanitarianresponse.info ( memento from October 31, 2015 on WebCite )). See: IDPs by Current District Datase ( Memento from October 31, 2015 on WebCite ) (.xlsx file; English), iom.int, [undated].
↑ Briefing Note: Despite conflict, refugees continue to arrive by boat in Yemen ( Memento from October 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), October 27, 2015 (Original: [1]) ).
↑ Regular Press Briefing By The Information Service ( Memento from October 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), unog.ch, October 27, 2015.
↑ Yemen: Monthly Fact Sheet, October 2015 [EN / AR] ( Memento of 28 October 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN High Commissioner for Refugees), October 28, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento of 28 October 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Bombs on Yemen: "The bodies are still in the streets" ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 22, 2015, by Raniah Salloum.
^ Humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen ( April 26, 2015 memento on WebCite ) , euronews.com, April 25, 2015.
↑ Fighting in Yemen: more deaths, flight and hunger ( Memento from April 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, April 27, 2015.
↑ Saudis pound arms depots in Yemen as bread, medicine run short ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), Reuters US, April 27, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen Crisis Looms as Kerry Meets With Iranian Counterpart on Nuclear Deal ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The New York Times, April 27, 2015, by Michael R. Gordon and Thomas Erdbrink.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen: UN warns of impact to relief efforts amid ongoing fighting across country ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN News Center, April 28, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ UN fear humanitarian crisis in Yemen ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.de, May 2, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UNO warns of humanitarian crisis in Yemen due to lack of fuel ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 2, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen: Destruction of airports endangers vital aid ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de, May 5, 2015.
↑ Yemen truce efforts gather pace as rebel heartland pounded ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , AFP, May 10, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri.
↑ Yemen conflict - Situation report number 8 - 18 May - 7 June 2015 (PDF) (English). WHO EMRO, [undated].
↑ ^a ^b ^c UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair, UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen: Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw (9 May 2015) ( Memento of 10 May 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int, May 9, 2015.
↑ Attacks on Houthi rebels - Yemen hopes for a ceasefire ( memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 10, 2015.
↑ Fresh coalition strikes on south Yemen as truce expires ( Memento from May 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 17, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
↑ ^a ^b UN Concerned About Enormous Humanitarian Impact of Yemen Bombing ( Memento of 23 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). Voice Of America, May 20, 2015, by Lisa Schlein.
↑ R2P Monitor ( Memento from May 18, 2015 on WebCite ) (English; PDF), Global Center for the Responsibility to Protect Country, R2P Monitor, Issue 21, May 15, 2015, pp. 18f.
↑ Five refugees killed in Yemen by Saudi Arabian shelling ( Memento from May 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 21, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Saudi shells hit Yemen aid office, killing five refugees -local official ( Memento from May 22, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Thomson Reuters Foundation, May 21, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari and Sami Aboudi.
↑ Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 35 - 21 May 2015 ( Memento from May 22, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 21, 2015.
^ Yemen: Escalating Conflict Situation Report No. 8 (as of 22 May 2015) ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 22, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Escalating Conflict Flash Update 37 - 25 May 2015 ( Memento from May 26, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), May 25, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 26, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, 27 May - 2 June 2015 ( Memento of 5 June 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 2, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento of 5 June 2015 WebCite )).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20 m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The Guardian, June 5, 2015, by Julian Borger.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Fighting in Yemen continues to take toll on civilians, with 20 million needing urgent assistance - UN ( Memento from June 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN News Center, June 8, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Oxfam Yemen response situation report External Sitrep 2, 9th June 2015 ( Memento from June 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Oxfam, June 9, 2015, ( PDF ( June 11, 2015 memento on WebCite )).
↑ UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report, 10 June - 16 June, 2015 ( Memento of 19 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). reliefweb.int (UN Children's Fund), June 16, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from June 19, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Over 20 million in war-torn Yemen need humanitarian aid - UNICEF ( Memento from June 12, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), June 11, 2015, by Noah Browning and Mohammed Mukhashaf.
↑ Civil war - Yemen is against Saudi ground troops ( Memento from April 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , fr-online.de, April 16, 2015.
↑ Beneficiaries of the chaos - Al-Qaeda takes over the airport in Yemen ( memento from April 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 16, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen: UN chief welcomes announcement of humanitarian ceasefire ( Memento of 9 July 2015 Webcite ) UN News Center, July (English), 9, 2015.
↑ Yemen: Aid deliveries under difficult conditions ( Memento from July 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , unhcr.de, July 3, 2015.
^ The Office of the UN Resident Coordinator in Yemen - Press Release ( Memento from June 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , UNDP in Yemen, June 26, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen: highest emergency response level declared for six months ( memento from July 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , unocha.org, July 1, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g UN declares highest-level aid emergency in Yemen ( Memento from July 1, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), France24, July 1, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen: UN declares a humanitarian emergency ( memento from July 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 1, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d 21 million people in need - UN declares highest emergency aid level for Yemen ( memento from July 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 2, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d UN declares emergency level - Yemen is on the verge of famine ( memento from July 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , handelsblatt.com, July 2, 2015.
↑ Famine - UN announces the highest emergency level for Yemen ( memento from July 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, July 2, 2015.
↑ Yemen: airstrikes, Mortars Damage IOM premises in Haradh and Basateen ( Memento of 4 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), iom.int, July 3, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Highest emergency aid level in Yemen - parties to the conflict decide to take a fire break ( memento from July 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, July 9, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UN announces humanitarian ceasefire in Yemen ( memento from July 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, July 9, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Yemen truce begins, relief agencies hope to deliver aid ( Memento from July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 10, 2015, by Jamal al -Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
↑ ^a ^b Air strikes, clashes shake Yemen's UN humanitarian truce ( Memento of 11 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 11, 2015 by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al- Haidari.
↑ Yemen - Arabia poor ( Memento of 23 July 2015 Webcite ) , sueddeutsche.de, July 23, 2015 by Paul-Anton Krüger.
↑ Yemen: Some breathing room for Aden's residents ( Memento from August 7, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Médecins Sans Frontières), August 6, 2015, interview with Thierry Goffeau.
↑ Yemen air raids condemned as blast hits governor office ( Memento of 21 August 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), August 20, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d UN warns of famine among children in Yemen ( memento from August 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , UNRIC (United Nations Regional Information Center for Western Europe), [undated].
↑ UN warns of famine among children in Yemen ( memento from August 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, August 11, 2015, by Philip Artelt (with Reuters / AFP).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Malnutrition of children - civilian population in Yemen suffers extremely ( Memento from August 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, August 11, 2015 (n-tv.de, AFP).
↑ Yemen spiraling into major food crisis - UN expert warns against deliberate starvation of civilians ( Memento from August 12, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN Human Rights Council, August 11, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Humanitarian crisis in Yemen is coming to a head ( memento from August 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.com, August 11, 2015 (ago / rk (afp, kna, rtre)).
↑ Displaced and forgotten - Little is reported about the war in Yemen. The situation there is as bad as in Syria, says the emergency aid coordinator Tariq Riebl from Oxfam ( memento from October 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , freitag.de, October 19, 2015, from Pia Rauschenberger.
↑ Ban condemns air strike on clinic in Yemen - After the bombing of an MSF clinic in Yemen, UN Secretary General Ban has called for all fighting to be stopped. Saudi Arabia denies responsibility for the attack - which was by no means the first of its kind ( October 30, 2015 memento on WebCite ) , dw.com, October 27, 2015 (stu / chr (afp, rtr)).
↑ Yemen: Ban calls for all warring parties to halt operations after Saudi-led airstrikes destroy hospital ( Memento of 30 October 2015 Webcite ) (English), UN News Center, October 27, 2015.
↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen ( Memento of October 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), un.org, October 27, 2015.
↑ Saudi government announces new strategy in Yemen ( memento from October 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, October 28, 2015 (update from October 29, 2015).
↑ Yemen: Saudi-led air strikes to end as attention turns to talks ( Memento from October 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), euronews.com, October 29, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Saudi-led coalition drops weapons for allies in Yemeni city ( Memento of 30 October 2015 Webcite ) (English), reuters.com, October 28, 2015 by Noah Browning.
↑ RE: Recommendations ahead of the EU Foreign Affairs Council Conclusions on Yemen ( Memento of November 18, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Danish Refugee Council, Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development, War Child UK, Norwegian Refugee Council , Society for Threatened Peoples, CARE, Search for Common Ground, Saferworld, Action Contre la Faim, World Relief, Save the Children), November 6, 2015.
↑ statement to the press: Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes van der Klauuw ( Memento of 19 November 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), November 18, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from November 19, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen: UN warns humanitarian situation has Deteriorated 'Drastically' as conflict claims 5,700 lives ( Memento of 20 November 2015 Webcite ) (English), UN News Center, November 18, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Opportunity for talks in the Yemen war - Saudi Arabia declares "at the request of the president" to end the bombing by its Sunni alliance ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Neues Deutschland, April 23, 2015 , by Roland Etzel.
↑ Yemen - Ex-President calls on Houthi rebels to withdraw - Ali Salih has called on the civil war parties to hold peace talks. The former Yemeni president is considered to be one of the instigators of the Houthi advance ( memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 24, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen's ex-president calls on Houthi rebels to withdraw ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 24, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemeni foreign minister rejects peace talks call from ex-president ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reuters.com, April 26, 2015, by Ahmed Aboulenein.
↑ Riyadh Yaseen: 'Bombing necessary despite casualties' ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). aljazeera.com, May 2, 2015. Cf. Riyadh Yaseen: 'Bombing despite civilian casualties' , YouTube, published by the Al Jazeera English YouTube channel on May 2, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen asks UN for help through the use of ground troops ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 7, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen crisis: Saudi Arabia 'repels Houthi border attack' ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). bbc.com, May 1, 2015.
↑ Ban urges all sides in Yemen to renew commitment for extension of humanitarian pause ( Memento from May 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). un.org, May 18, 2015.
^ Yemen crisis - UN Security Council sees growing threat from Al-Shabaab ( Memento from May 19, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 19, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c War of words - and bombs - shakes Yemen ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2015, by Zaid Al-Alayaa and Laura King.
↑ Air attack on the airport in Yemen: the tone between Saudi Arabia and Iran intensifies ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, April 29, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Riyadh deserves harsh punishment over Yemen was: Iran cmdr. ( Memento of 30 April 2015 Webcite ) (English). Press TV , April 28, 2015.
↑ Iran wants to defend security interests in Yemen ( Memento from May 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, May 2, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UN Security Council cannot agree on a declaration on Yemen ( memento from May 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , blick.ch, May 2, 2015.
↑ Saudi Arabia is considering setting up security zones in Yemen ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 4, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Houthi conflict - Senegal takes part in the war in Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, May 5, 2015, by Thomas Scheen.
↑ ^a ^b Blind to threats closer to home ( Memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The Star , May 22, 2015 by Shannon Ebrahim.
↑ Yemen - Senegal supports the fight against rebels with 2,100 soldiers ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, May 5, 2015.
↑ Senegal participates in the military coalition in Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 5, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b More influence in the region: Erdoğan supports the war in Yemen , German Turkish News, April 29, 2015, accessed on April 29, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Erdogan: Gulf countries' security is Turkey's security ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Anadoly Agency, April 26, 2015 (Update: April 27, 2015).
↑ United Nations on Yemen - only devastating numbers ( memento from July 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 29, 2015, by Kai Clement.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g UN envoy opens Yemen talks as coalition pounds rebels ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 30, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
↑ ^a ^b No peace and no talks on Yemen ( Memento from May 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , neue-deutschland.de, May 30, 2015, by Oliver Eberhardt.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen conflict - hundreds of children killed in fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, May 22, 2015.
^ After 2 months of bombing - 16 million people in Yemen without drinking water ( memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , blick.ch, May 26, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Houthi rebels ready for negotiations ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.de, May 21, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e War in Yemen - UN peace conference postponed ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, May 25, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Yemeni Politicians: UN Peace Talks Indefinitely Postponed ( Memento from May 26, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). VOA News, May 25, 2015.
↑ Yemen External Situation Report # 14 - May 22, 2015 ( Memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (International Medical Corps), May 22, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite )).
↑ Yemen president insists on rebel pullback for UN talks ( Memento from May 24, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 23, 2015.
↑ Saudi Arabia rejects Iran's participation in peace negotiations for Yemen ( memento from May 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, May 21, 2015, by Christoph Debets.
↑ UN representative: Yemen peace talks postponed ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 25, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b blow to Yemen peace efforts as UN talks postponed ( Memento of 25 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), May 24, 2015, by Fawaz al-Haidari with Jamal al-Jabri.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen - UN Security Council called for a humanitarian ceasefire ( Memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , kleinezeitung.at, June 3, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UN-led Peace Talks for Yemen in Doubt ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). VOA News, May 25, 2015.
↑ Peace talks postponed - Yemen war continues without a ray of hope ( Memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 25, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Ban calls for postponement of Yemen consultations, urges 'soonest possible' return to dialogue ( Memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). un.org, May 26, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen consultations ( Memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). un.org, May 26, 2015.
^ Yemen - No new date for peace talks yet ( Memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, May 27, 2015.
↑ In phone conversation with Yemeni President, Ban express train concern about uptick in fighting ( Memento of 28 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). UN News Center, May 28, 2015.
↑ Readout of the Secretary-General's phone call with HE Mr. Abdrabuh Mansour Hadi Mansour, the President of Yemen ( Memento of 28 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, May 27, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h US envoy in talks with Yemen rebels on peace conference ( Memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 3, 2015, by Mohammed Mahjoub.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Yemen: Air strikes and tentative hope for peace talks ( Memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.de, June 3, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e UN ambassador confirmed - peace talks in Yemen will begin on June 14 ( memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, June 3, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Saudi air strikes - UN sets new date for Yemen talks ( memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, June 4, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Saudi-led warplanes raid rebel positions in Yemen ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 4, 2015.
↑ Several US citizens detained in Yemen ( memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 31, 2015.
↑ Newspaper: Yemen rebels set Americans free ( memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, June 1, 2015.
↑ Captivity in Yemen: Houthi rebels release US citizens ( memento from June 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, June 1, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen - Houthi rebels also agree to UN peace talks for Yemen ( memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , blick.ch, June 4, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen rebels, govt agree to peace talks ( Memento from June 5, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 5, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Ian Timberlake.
↑ ^a ^b Unesco condemns the attack on the old town of Sanaa ( memento from June 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , stern.de, June 12, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g High stakes in Geneva as Yemen sides meet over bloody conflict ( Memento from June 15, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 15, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Houthi take provincial capital in Yemen before peace talks ( memento from June 15, 2015 on WebCite ) . Reuters Germany, June 14, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hard struggle for influence in Yemen ( Memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Deutsche Welle, June 13, 2015, by Kersten Knipp.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Prospects look dim for Yemeni peace talks ( Memento from June 13, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), June 12, 2015, by Sami Aboudi.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen’s war - No end in sight - The start of peace talks raises little hope that the fighting in Yemen will stop ( Memento from June 12, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The Economist, June 13, 2015 (print edition date).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen conflict: hopeless peace talks? ( Memento from June 15, 2015 on WebCite ) . Deutsche Welle, June 15, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen - Slipping into anarchy ( Memento from June 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, June 12, 2015, by Rainer Hermann.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Crunch time coming for Saudi campaign as options narrow in Yemen ( Memento from June 12, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Reuters US, June 11, 2015, by Angus McDowall.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Crisis in Yemen - Destruction in Sanaa's old town ( memento from June 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, June 12, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Conflict in Yemen - peace talks on the brink ( Memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) . tagesschau.de, June 14, 2015, by Björn Blaschke.
↑ Audio - Houthi rebels question peace talks in Geneva ( memento June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) . tagesschau.de, June 14, 2015, by Björn Blaschke. Audio (MP3; 2:54 min.) ( Memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ). tagesschau.de, June 14, 2015, by Björn Blaschke.
↑ UN expects Yemen talks to start Monday in Geneva ( Memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 14, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b UN-facilitated Yemen consultations set for 14 June; Ban urges parties to engage in good faith ( Memento of 7 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). un.org, June 6, 2015.
↑ Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen consultations ( Memento from June 7, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). un.org, June 6, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen rebel ally welcomes Swiss peace talks ( memento from June 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 9, 2015.
↑ At least 43 killed in Yemen clashes as parties prepare for talks ( Memento of 11 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). reuters.com, June 10, 2015, by Mohammed Mukhashaf.
↑ End of violence in Yemen? Iran welcomes peace talks ( memento from June 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, June 10, 2015.
↑ China pushes again for Yemen ceasefire, dialogue ( Memento June 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). uk.reuters.com, June 10, 2015.
↑ International humanitarian agencies: Permanent Yemen ceasefire needed now to safeguard millions ( Memento from June 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (Adventist Development and Relief Agency International, ZOA, Norwegian Refugee Council, INTERSOS, CARE, Action Contre la Faim, Oxfam, International Rescue Committee, Relief International, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Save the Children, Progressio), June 11, 2015.
↑ Yemen coalition 'not over' until UN resolution in effect: Gulf ( Memento of 12 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 11, 2015.
↑ Yemen: UNESCO deplores destruction of Sana'a heritage site bearing 'soul of Yemeni people' ( Memento from June 13, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). UN News Center, June 12, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Yemen's Hadi says UN talks only on rebel pullback resolution ( Memento from June 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 16, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c “Yemen is burning” ( memento from June 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , srf.ch, June 15, 2015.
↑ Delayed Yemen rebel delegation en route to peace talks: UN ( memento from June 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , yahoo.com (AFP report), June 15, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen's government rejects ceasefire in the civil war ( memento from June 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, June 18, 2015.
^ Yemen - government rejects ceasefire ( memento from June 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, June 18, 2015.
↑ No agreement at Yemen peace talks in Geneva: foreign minister ( memento from June 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 19, 2015.
^ War in Yemen: Too Long a Process ( Memento from June 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, June 21, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.
↑ UN launches new aid appeal as Yemen faces 'looming humanitarian catastrophe' ( Memento of 24 June 2015 Webcite ) UN News Center, June 19 (English), 2015.
^ ^A ^b War in Yemen - Geneva peace talks ended without result ( memento from June 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, June 19, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen (9 July 2015) ( Memento from 11 July 2015 on WebCite ) (English), unocha.org (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Country: Yemen), July 10, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b War in Yemen - air strikes instead of ceasefire ( Memento from July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 11, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ' (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 10, 2015. Alternative source:' . Original link : - ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2

↑ ^a ^b statement attribute able to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General on Yemen ( Memento of 13 July 2015 Webcite ) (English) un.org, July 9th, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Bombardment of Yemen continues despite the ceasefire ( memento from July 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 12, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen's UN humanitarian ceasefire fails to hold ( Memento of 11 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 11, 2015 by Jamal al-Jabiri and Fawaz al-Haidari.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Ceasefire in Yemen broken on the first day ( memento from July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 11, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen: Air strikes during a visit by a UN commissioner ( memento from July 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 5, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen - Agency: At least 30 civilians killed in an air strike in Yemen ( memento from July 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , blick.ch, July 5, 2015.

↑ USA calls for a break from fighting in Yemen during the fasting month of Ramadan ( memento from July 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 3, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen's Houthis say Ramadan humanitarian pause under discussion ( Memento from July 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 4, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari and Tom Miles.

↑ Warplanes bomb Saleh party HQ in Yemen capital ( Memento from July 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 6, 2015.

↑ Air strikes kill nearly 100 in Yemen, cast shadow on truce talks ( Memento of 7 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 6, 2015 by Sami Aboudi and Mohammed Mukhashaf.

↑ Yemen gov't tells UN it agrees to conditional truce ( Memento from July 9, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), July 8, 2015, by Noah Browning and Michelle Nichols.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ceasefire in Ramadan: UN announces a one-week ceasefire in Yemen ( memento from July 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, July 10, 2015.

↑ Humanitarian aid for the population - UN ensures a ceasefire in Yemen ( memento from July 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 9, 2015, by Kai Clement.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yemen - Arab Alliance continues attacks in Yemen despite ceasefire ( memento from July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , blick.ch, July 11, 2015.

↑ Eyewitnesses: The ceasefire in Yemen is not observed ( Memento from July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, July 11, 2015.

↑ Yemen: Air strikes despite the agreed ceasefire ( memento of July 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , orf.at, July 11, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Air strikes, clashes continue to flaunt Yemen truce ( Memento of 13 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 13th, 2015.

↑ Further air strikes on Houthi rebels despite the ceasefire ( memento from July 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 12, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b Fighting, air strikes kill at least 45 in Yemen despite truce ( Memento of 13 July 2015 Webcite ) (English) reuters.com 12 July 2015 by Mohammed Ghobari, Rania El Gamal, Hadeel al Sayegh and William Maclean.

↑ Yemen's ex-president in talks to resolve war-party official ( Memento from July 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), uk.reuters.com, July 23, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari and Noah Browning.

↑ ^a ^b Yemen's ex-president in rare talks with UAE, US, UK ( memento from July 23, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), trust.org, July 23, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari and Noah Browning.

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e A few days after the military alliance officially announced by the Saudi Arabian-led military alliance for the night of April 22, 2015 (source: Yemen: New air strikes despite the announced stop ( memento of April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , DiePresse .com, April 22, 2015) The end of Operation Decisive Storm , the Foreign Minister of the Yemeni government in exile Hadi, Rijad Jassin, declared that Operation Decisive Storm had not ended but would be continued (sources: Ahmed Aboulenein, in: Yemeni foreign minister rejects peace talks call from ex-president ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters US, April 26, 2015. Sabine Rossi, in: Sunni Alliance continues air strikes - Yemen - no peace in sight ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 28, 2015).

↑ ^a ^b The WHO death toll does not differentiate between civilians and fighters (source: The WHO toll does not distinguish between civilians and fighters ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Daily Mail / AFP report, April 21, 2015). While some media reproduce the UN / WHO death tariff information as information about "fighters and civilians" (e.g. mission in Yemen: Saudi Arabia declares air strikes over ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 21, 2015. Military operation in Yemen - Saudi Arabia announces new phase ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 21, 2015), other media relate the information to “civilians” (e .g . Much front war in Yemen: Al-Qaeda praises bounty for Houthi chief from ( Memento of 9 April 2015 Webcite ) , in n-tv.de, April 9, 2015. Christoph Sydow: Saudi Arabia's military offensive in Yemen bombed and nothing gained ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 22, 2015).
↑ On May 15, 2015, Oxfam corrected its April 19, 2015 condemnation of the air strike on the food warehouse, which contained humanitarian supplies. Oxfam now knows that the location coordinates of the food warehouse have actually not been passed on to the military coalition, which is why Oxfam has changed the statement and formally withdrawn the previous version. Oxfam, however, stands by the condemnation of the destruction of the food warehouse. (Source: Rania El Gamal, in: Aid agency Oxfam corrects statement on Yemen air strike ( Memento on the 13 July 2015 Webcite ) , reuters.com (English), May 15, 2015).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Knut Mellenthin expressed the view in the Junge Welt that the Houthi fighters of the Ansar Allah in the street fighting in Aden were the main opponents of separatist militias of the Southern Popular Resistance , which were striving to restore the southern state that was united with the north in 1990 Western media, however, were mostly referred to as followers of Hadi (source: Knut Mellenthin, in: Cluster bombs and blockade - Saudi Arabia starves Yemen, but lets supplies for Al-Qaida through ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , jungewelt .de, May 5, 2015).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The categorization of a war party as a "Hadi Loyalist" in the international media is controversial in its form and designation (source: e.g. Susanne Dahlgren and Anne-Linda Amira Augustin, in: The Multiple Wars in Yemen ( Memento from June 19, 2015 on WebCite ) , Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP), June 18, 2015). It was pointed out that “anti-Houthi” should not be equated with “Hadi-loyal”, especially since the Yemeni interim president Hadi was never politically strong (source: e.g. Gudrun Harrer in: Analyze - Al-Qaeda is in Yemen the laughing third party ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 18, 2015).
↑ While some media establish a causal relationship between the postponement of the peace talks indefinitely and Hadi's insistence on the withdrawal of the Houthis from areas they have captured as a precondition for peace talks (source: e.g. Mohammed Ali Kalfood and Kareem Fahim, in: Medical Need Climbs Alongside Death Toll in Yemen ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , The New York Times, May 27, 2015), told Reuters on May 29, 2015 that the peace talks had been postponed "because of the fierce fighting" (source: Mohammed Mukhashaf and Mohammed Ghobari (reportage) and Maha El Dahan (editors), in: Fighters battle Houthis in Yemen's southern city of Aden ( Memento of 30 May 2015 Webcite ) , Thomson Reuters Foundation, May 29, 2015) .

[derstandard-at_2015-07-15_RTH-2] Yemen: Troops loyal to the government in the port city of Aden on the advance ( memento from July 15, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, "July 14, 2015" (APA, Reuters, July 15, 2015).

[merkur-de_2015-07-14_HRA-3] Fire break not observed - Houthi rebels ousted from the airport in Yemen ( memento from July 14, 2015 on WebCite ) , merkur.de, July 14, 2015 (dpa report).

[de-reuters-com_2015-07-16_EEM-4] Yemen - First ministers in exile return to Aden ( Memento from July 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 16, 2015.

[ZeitOL_2015-04-06_AIG-5] Yemen: "Aden is a ghost town" ( Memento from April 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 6, 2015.

[inforadio-de_2015-04-12_JVC-6] Yemen is sinking into chaos ( memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , inforadio.de, April 12, 2015, by Mareike Transfeld.

[tagesschau-de_2015-03-29_WSH-7] Aims of the Yemeni militia - Who are the Houthis? ( Memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 29, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-03-26_GVA-8] Middle East expert on the conflict in Yemen - "The risk of attacks is growing" ( Memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 26, 2015.

[Transfeld_2015-03-31_SWP_KG-9] Mareike Transfeld, in: Saudi Arabia's air strikes further destabilize Yemen ( Memento from April 15, 2015 on WebCite ) , Science and Politics Foundation, Briefly, March 31, 2015. Also published as: Guest contribution: How Saudi Arabia den Yemen destabilized ( page 1 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite ), page 2 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite ), page 3 ( memento of April 13, 2015 on WebCite )), Handelsblatt, April 5, 2015.

[n-tv_2015-04-07_STS-10] Fight against former friends - The West is so deep in the Yemen war ( memento from April 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 7, 2015, by Christoph Herwartz.

[tagesschau-de_2015-03-27_ACJ-11] Background: The actors in the chaos of Yemen ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, March 27, 2015, by Peter Steffe.

[Telepolis_2015-04-09_WKG-12] Why war against Yemen now? ( Memento from April 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , Telepolis, April 9, 2015, by Georg Meggle.

[DW_2015-04-04_RFU-13] Russia calls for air strikes in Yemen to be suspended ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 4, 2015.

[derstandard-at_2015-04-13_AWA-14] Yemen expert: “Al-Qaeda will most likely benefit from the conflict” ( Memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, April 13, 2015 (Teresa Eder, derStandard.at, April 10, 2015), interview by Teresa Eder with Marie-Christine Heinze.

[SpiegelOL_2015-03-26_SSA-15] Military operation in Yemen: Saudi Arabia forges alliance against Iran ( memento from April 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Der Spiegel, March 26, 2015, by Christoph Sydow.

[ZeitOL_2015-03-26_KUJ-16] Houthi rebels - The fight for Yemen is only just beginning ( Memento from April 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, March 26, 2015, by Martin Gehlen.

[ReutersDE_2015-05-03_MSI-17] Human rights activists see evidence of cluster bombs in Yemen ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 3, 2015.

[AJUS_2015-05-03_SLC-18] Saudi-led campaign drops US-made cluster bombs on Yemen rebels: HRW ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Aljazeera America, May 3, 2015.

[euronews-com_2015-05-03_SLC-19] Yemen: Saudi-led coalition faces claims of ground offensive and cluster bomb use ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). euronews.com, May 3, 2015.

[BBCNews_2015-05-05_STS-20] Senegal to support Yemen campaign ( Memento of 7 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). BBC News, May 5, 2015.

[Blick-ch_2015-03-26_SSM-21] «Storm of Determination»: Saudi Arabia starts military operation in Yemen ( memento from April 7, 2015 on WebCite ), blick.ch, March 26, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-05-10_TAK-22] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Despite the ongoing fighting, the signs point to a ceasefire in Yemen ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, May 10, 2015.

[Handelsblatt_2015-04-10_PBS-23] War in Yemen - Pakistan does not take part in air strikes ( page 1 ( memento of April 11, 2015 on WebCite ), page 2 ( memento of April 11, 2015 on WebCite )), Handelsblatt, April 10, 2015.

[ZeitOL_2015-04-12_IFW-24] Yemen - Iran calls for a ceasefire, Saudi Arabia rejects it ( Memento from April 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 12, 2015.

[deutschlandfunk-de_2015-04-07_KDR-25] Heavy fighting in Yemen - "Conflict threatens to take on a religious dimension" ( Memento from April 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, Interview by Dirk-Oliver Heckmann with Guido Steinberg, April 7, 2015.

[SpiegelOL_2015-04-21_SEL-26] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Operation in Yemen: Saudi Arabia declares air strikes over ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 21, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-04-22_HIJ-27] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Houthis in Yemen ready for talks ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 22, 2015.

[spiegel-de_2015-04-22_GUN-28] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Saudi Arabia's military offensive in Yemen: Bombed and won nothing ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 22, 2015, by Christoph Sydow.

[ZeitOL_2015-04-21_SBL-29] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Civil War - Saudi Arabia ends air strikes in Yemen ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 21, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-04-21_SKN-30] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Military operation in Yemen - Saudi Arabia announces new phase ( memento from April 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 21, 2015.

[sueddeutsche-de_2015-04-21_AMB-31] Civil war - Arab military coalition ends air strikes on Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, April 21, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-04-22_IJW-32] Military operation against the Houthi militia - Fighting continues in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 22, 2015.

[VOA_2015-04-20_SLA-33] Saudi-led Airstrikes Hit Yemen's Houthi Rebels ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, April 20, 2015, by Edward Yeranian.

[dailymail_2015-04-23_YPI-34] AP Interview: Yemen peace talks inevitable, says UN official ( Memento of 29 April 2015 Webcite ) (English). dailymail.co.uk, April 23, 2015.

[AJ_2015-04-23_MAR-35] Multiple air raids hit Yemen despite calls for talks ( Memento of 29 April 2015 Webcite ) (English). Al Jazeera, April 23, 2015.

[Yahoo-AP_2015-04-23_SLA-36] Saudi-led airstrikes bomb Yemen's Shiite rebels in 6 cities ( Memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). news.yahoo.com (AP bulletin) April 23, 2015, by Ahmed Al-Haj.

[JW_2015-04-29_SBW-37] Saudis bomb further ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , Junge Welt, April 29, 2015, by Knut Mellenthin.

[BadZ_2015-04-23_SKK-38] Saudi Arabia cannot win the conflict in Yemen by military means ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , Badische Zeitung, April 23, 2015, by Karim El-Gawhary.

[derstandard-at_2015-04-22_HPJ-39] Saudi military operation: Poker in Yemen ( memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, April 22, 2015 (print version: April 23, 2015), by Gudrun Harrer.

[NYT_2015-04-22_SRO-41] Saudi Resolve on Yemen Reflects Limits of US Strategy ( Memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The New York Times, April 22, 2015, by Eric Schmitt and Michael R. Gordon.

[DN_2015-04-23_UBS-42] U.S.-Backed Saudi War in Yemen Continues as Aid Groups Describe "Catastrophic" Humanitarian Crisis ( Memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Democracy Now, April 23, 2015.

[NYT_2015-04-21_SAH-44] Saudi's Announce Halt to Yemen Bombing Campaign ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The New York Times, April 21, 2015, by Kareem Fahim and Mark Mazzetti.

[Telepolis_2015-04-23_SS2-45] Yemen: Saudi Arabia donates $ 274 million for humanitarian actions ... ( Memento April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , Telepolis, April 23, 2015, by Thomas Pany.

[AEI_2015-04-23_2YI-46] 2015 Yemen Intervention Map ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , American Enterprise Institute , April 23, 2015, by Katherine Zimmerman ( larger jpg ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite ), PDF ( memento of July 20, 2015 on WebCite )).

[sueddeutsche-de_2015-04-26_WSL-47] Saudi air strikes in Yemen again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, April 26, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-04-27_SSK-48] Saudi Arabia continues fight against Houthi - fighter jets bomb targets in Yemen ( memento from April 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 27, 2015.

[rp-online_2015-04-27_SKB-49] A ^b Yemen conflict - Saudi fighter jets bomb Houthi rebels in South Yemen ( memento from April 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, April 27, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-04-28_SAS-50] Sunni Alliance continues air strikes - Yemen - no peace in sight ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 28, 2015, by Sabine Rossi.

[n-tv-de_2015-05-01_HRG-51] Assault on border posts - Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabia ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 1, 2015.

[BaZ_2015-05-03_BÜA-52] Reports on Arab ground troops in Yemen ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , Basler Zeitung, May 3, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.

[dradiowissen-de_2015-04-26_SKG-53] Yemen - Saudi Arabian coalition attacks Houthi rebels again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , dradiowissen.de, April 26, 2015.

[n-tv-de_2015-04-26_KIJ-54] Skirmishes with tanks and missiles - fighting in Yemen is getting more and more brutal ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 26, 2015.

[faz-net_2015-05-07_SSF-55] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Fight against Houthi rebels - Saudi Arabia agrees to cease fire in Yemen ( memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, May 7, 2015, by Markus Bickel.

[NYT_2015-05-03_YFT-56] Yemeni Fighters Trained in Persian Gulf Are Said to Join Saudi-Led Mission ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 3, 2015, by Saeed al-Batati and Kareem Fahim.

[taz-de_2015-05-07_FMB-57] War in Yemen - ceasefire with ground troops ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , taz.de, May 7, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-05-09_BSH-58] Bombs instead of relief flights in Yemen ( Memento from May 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, May 9, 2015.

[VOA_2015-04-24_NEN-59] No End Near to Yemen Conflict, Analysts Say ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, April 24, 2015 by Heather Murdock.

[de-reuters-com_2015-05-07_JBI-60] Yemen asks international community for help against rebels ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 7, 2015.

[ReutersDE_2015-05-05_UBL-61] UN prepare airlift in Yemen ( Memento from May 5, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, May 5, 2015.

[de-reuters-com_2015-05-07_APE-62] Saudi Arabia examines the use of ground troops in Yemen ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, May 7, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-05-07_DAA-64] After the advance of the Houthi rebels - Dramatic appeal from Yemen ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 7, 2015.

[IRIN-org_2015-05-07_WCW-65] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f What can we do in 5 days? Aid workers skeptical of Saudi truce ( Memento of 8 May 2015 Webcite ) (English). IRIN Middle East, May 7, 2015, by Almigdad Mojalli.

[bloombergview-com_2015-05-10_SSF-66] Saving the Saudis From Their Yemen Disaster ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Bloomberg View, May 10, 2015, from Bloomberg View's editorials.

[dailymail-co-uk_2015-05-07_SPF-67] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi proposes five-day Yemen ceasefire ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). dailymail.co.uk, May 7, 2015.

[n-tv_2015-05-07-68] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Sanaa appeals to the Security Council - Saudi Arabia offers Yemen a ceasefire ( memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 7, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-05-07_SBW-69] War in Yemen - Saudi Arabia offers ceasefire ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 7, 2015.

[derstandard-at_2015-05-11_HMA-70] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen: Houthis report shooting down of fighter jets from Morocco ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 11, 2015.

[de-reuters-com_2015-05-11_AAG-71] Artillery duels on the border between Yemen and Saudi Arabia ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 11, 2015.

[NYT_2015-05-27_MNC-72] Medical Need Climbs Alongside Death Toll in Yemen ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 27, 2015, by Mohammed Ali Kalfood and Kareem Fahim.

[ECHO_2015-07-22_EDF-73] Yemen: Yemen - Conflict (ECHO Daily Flash of 22 July 2015) ( Memento of 23 July 2015 on Webcite ) (English), European Commission Humanitarian Aid department Country: Yemen, April 22, 2015.

[faz-net_2015-04-21_OWI-74] Crisis in Yemen - Obama warns Iran against arms deliveries to Houthis ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , faz.net, April 21, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-04-21_SSL-75] Saudi Arabia stops air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 21, 2015.

[DiePresse-com_2015-04-22_TAS-76] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Yemen: New air strikes despite the announced stop ( Memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , DiePresse.com, April 22, 20915.

[dw-de_2015-04-22_ELJ-77] Again air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, April 22, 2015, by Andreas Gorzewski.

[ReutersDE_2015-04-23_SSL-78] Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, April 23, 2015.

[SpiegelOl_2015-04-23_SSL-79] Military offensive: Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from April 23, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 23, 2015.

[ZeitOL_2015-04-22_SFW-80] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen - Saudi Arabia continues to fly air strikes - The first phase of air strikes against the Houthi rebels has ended, but the bombing continues. The rebels are open to a political solution ( memento from April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, April 22, 2015.

[spiegel-de_2015-05-07_RQA-82] Yemen: Senior al-Qaida leader killed in US drone attack ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, May 7, 2015.

[spiegel-de_2015-04-24_ISV-83] Possible arms deliveries: Iranian ship convoy off Yemen's coast is turning ( memento from April 24, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 24, 2015.

[n-tv-de_2015-04-25_9MS-84] No end to violence - 92 people die in fighting in Yemen ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, April 25, 2015.

[orf-at_2015-04-26_KIJ-85] Fighting in Yemen is spreading ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , orf.at, April 26, 2015.

[ReutersDE_2015-04-26_MLA-86] A ^b ^c ^d ^e residents - Several air strikes on Yemen's capital Sanaa ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, April 26, 2015.

[handelsblatt-com_2015-04-26_WLI-87] Fighting in Yemen - Air strikes on Sanaa again ( memento from April 26, 2015 on WebCite ) , Handelsblatt, April 26, 2015.

[sz-online_2015-04-29_IVS-88] Iran condemns the Saudi attack on planes in Sanaa ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , sz-online.de (dpa report), April 29, 2015.

[spiegel-de_2015-04-28_SKZ-89] Air raid in Yemen: Saudi Arabian fighter jets destroy runway in Sanaa ( memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, April 28, 2015.

[derStandard-at_2015-04-28_SZL-90] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Saudi Arabia destroys the runway at Sanaa Airport ( memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, April 28, 2015.

[MEE_2015-04-28_SLC-91] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi-led coalition bombs Yemen airport to prevent Iranian plane from landing ( Memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Middle East Eye, April 28, 2015.

[focus-de_2015-04-29_SSM-92] IS terror and the Yemen crisis - Saudis allegedly stop Iranian aircraft with an air strike in Yemen ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , focus.de, April 29, 2015.

[NZZ_2015-04-28_SZL-93] A ^b Saudi Arabia destroys runway at Sanaa airport ( memento from April 29, 2015 on WebCite ) , NZZ, April 28, 2015.

[ND_2015-05-02_ZAW-94] Saudi Arabia continues bombing war - destruction at Yemen's most important airport in Sanaa prevents delivery of humanitarian aid ( memento from May 2, 2015 on WebCite ) , new-deutschland.de, May 2, 2015, by Oliver Eberhardt.

[derStandard-at_2015-04-30_KAS-95] A ^b Yemen: Fighting in Aden, Saudis bombing the airport ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , derStandard.at, April 30, 2015.

[welt-de_2015-04-30_HKA-96] Fierce fighting in Aden since the end of March ( memento from April 30, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, April 30, 2015.

[nwzonline-de_2015-05-06_KHM-97] War in Yemen - No help possible - After months of fighting between rival groups, the United Nations and other aid organizations are warning of a humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen. In the port city of Aden, some residential areas resemble a war zone ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , nwzonline.de, May 6, 2015.

[sueddeutsche-de_2015-05-01_DTB-98] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Dozens of dead in fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 1, 2015.

[handelsblatt-com_2015-05-01_UUÜ-99] Russia resolution fails - UN Security Council disagreed over the Yemen crisis ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Handelsblatt, May 1, 2015.

[deutschlandfunk-de_2015-05-01_SGA-100] Yemen - Saudi border guards attacked ( memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , deutschlandfunk.de, May 1, 2015.

[welt-de_2015-05-01_HGS-101] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Riyadh: Houthi rebels attack Saudi Arabian soil - apparently dozens of deaths in skirmishes ( memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, May 1, 2015.

[euronewsDE_2015-05-01_SAW-102] Yemen: Saudi Army fends off major Houthi attack ( Memento from May 1, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.euronews.com, May 1, 2015.

[n-tv_2015-05-03_VUA-103] Civil War in Yemen - Confusion about Arab Ground Forces ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, May 3, 2015.

[zeit-de_2015-05-04_AAS-104] Arab Alliance sends reconnaissance troops to Yemen ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 4, 2015.

[sueddeutsche-de_2015-05-07_MZE-105] Yemen - Mandate to invade ( Memento from May 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 7, 2015, by Ronen Steinke.

[tagesschau-de_2015-05-03_VFB-106] Fight against Houthi rebels - advance guard for ground troops in Yemen? ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 3, 2015, by Björn Blaschke.

[ReutersDE_2015-05-03_ABG-107] newspaper - Arab ground troops intervene in the Yemen conflict ( Memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 3, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-05-03_KGH-108] Fight against Houthi rebels Arab ground forces in Yemen? ( Memento from May 4, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 3, 2015.

[zeit-de_2015-05-03_SDE-109] Yemen - Saudi Arabia denies the use of ground troops ( memento from May 3, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 3, 2015.

[rp-OL_2015-05-05_HBS-110] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Yemen conflict - Houthis bombard Saudi border town - UN for ceasefire ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , rp-online.de, May 5, 2015.

[nzz-ch_2015-05-06_VSS-111] Yemen - Four Saudis die at the border from being shot at by Houthi rebels ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, May 6, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-05-06_ZFB-112] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Numerous refugees killed in fighting in Yemen ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , dw.de, May 6, 2015.

[zeit-de_2015-05-06_HNP-113] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Yemen - Houthi rebels take the presidential palace ( memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 6, 2015.

[AJ-com_2015-05-06_YPW-114] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Yemen pleads with UN Security Council for land forces ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). aljazeera.com, May 6, 2015.

[ReutersDE_2015-05-08_SFW-115] Saudi Arabia continues air strikes in Yemen ( memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters Germany, May 8, 2015.

[welt-de_2015-05-09_FFF-116] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Yemen - Five-day ceasefire for the suffering population ( Memento from May 9, 2015 on WebCite ) , welt.de, May 9, 2015.

[dw-de_2015-05-08_USC-117] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Unilateral Saudi cease-fire in Yemen to begin on May 12 ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Deutsche Welle, May 8, 2015.

[VOA_2015-05-08_DSF-118] Date Set for 'Pause' In Yemen Fighting ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). VOA, May 8, 2015, by Pamela Dockins.

[NYT_2015-05-08_SAA-119] Saudi Arabia Announces Cease-Fire in Yemen ( Memento from May 8, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). nytimes.com, May 8, 2015, by Alissa J. Rubin and Kareem Fahim.

[BBCNews_2015-05-10_UCS-120] Yemen conflict: UN criticises Saudi civilian bombings ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). BBC News, May 10, 2015.

[ReutersUS_2015-05-09_SLS-121] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: UN coordinator ( Memento from May 10, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). Reuters US, May 9, 2015.

[zeit-de_2015-05-11_AMB-122] Arab Military Alliance bombs weapons depot near Sanaa ( Memento from May 11, 2015 on WebCite ) , zeit.de, May 11, 2015.

[spiegel-de_2015-05-12_FIJ-123] Five days of ceasefire: The ceasefire in Yemen has begun ( Memento from May 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, May 12, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-05-12_SFL-124] Saudi Arabia flies air strikes Ceasefire in Yemen in danger? ( Memento from May 12, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, May 12, 2015.

[stern-de_2015-05-13_WIJ-125] The ceasefire in Yemen largely lasts ( Memento from May 13, 2015 on WebCite ) , stern.de, May 13, 2015.

[sueddeutsche-de_2015-05-26_JKW-126] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen - No Water ( Memento from May 27, 2015 on WebCite ) , sueddeutsche.de, May 26, 2015, by Paul-Anton Krüger.

[trust-org_2015-05-29_FBH-127] Fighters battle Houthis in Yemen's southern city of Aden ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). trust.org (Thomson Reuters Foundation), May 29, 2015, Report: Mohammed Mukhashaf and Mohammed Ghobari.

[NLZ_2015-05-25_JMA-128] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Yemen has to wait for peace talks ( memento from May 25, 2015 on WebCite ) , Neue Luzerner Zeitung, May 25, 2015.

[derstandard-at_2015-05-27_ZZB-129] Numerous civilians killed in an air strike in Yemen ( Memento from May 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, May 27, 2015.

[IMC_2015-05-29_YES-130] Yemen External Situation Report # 16 - May 29, 2015 ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (International Medical Corps), May 29, 2015 ( PDF ( Memento from 30 May 2015) . May 2015 on WebCite )).

[reuters-com_2015-05-27_ASK-131] Air strikes kill at least 80 in deadliest bombings of Yemen war ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). reuters.com, May 27, 2015, by Mohammed Ghobari.

[DN_2015-05-28_AL8-132] Headlines May 28, 2015 - Yemen: At Least 80 Killed on Deadliest Day of Saudi-Led Strikes ( Memento from May 30, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). democracynow.org, May 28, 2015.

[de-reuters_2015-06-07_4TB-133] Yemen conflict escalates - 44 dead in attack on Sanaa ( memento from June 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, June 7, 2015.

[AFP_2015-06-08_YHS-134] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Yemen's Hadi says 'no negotiations' with rebels in Geneva ( memento of 8 June 2015 Webcite ) (English). reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), June 8, 2015, by Jamal al-Jabiri with Fawaz al-Haidari.

[spiegel-de_2015-06-16_UAA-135] US attack on Wuhayshi: Al-Qaida is hard hit by his death ( memento from June 16, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, June 16, 2015, by Raniah Salloum.

[derstandard-at_2015-06-14_HRE-136] Yemen: Houthi rebels conquer provincial town ( memento from June 14, 2015 on WebCite ) . derstandard.at, June 14, 2015.

[NZZ_2015-08-20_PLS-137] Conflict in Yemen - Political solution seems possible - The fronts in Yemen have cleared in the last few days. A permanent solution might be possible, but Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are pursuing different goals ( memento from August 21, 2015 on WebCite ) , nzz.ch, August 20, 2015, by Jürg Bischoff.

[spiegel-de_2015-07-06_AMB-138] Yemen: Arab military coalition bombs party headquarters ( memento from July 7, 2015 on WebCite ) , spiegel.de, July 6, 2015.

[n-tv-de_2015-07-08_M3T-139] At least 30 dead after mutiny conflict in Yemen threatens to escalate again ( memento from July 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , n-tv.de, July 8, 2015.

[derstandard-at_2015-07-08_ABD-140] Yemen: Army bombs deserters ( memento from July 8, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 8, 2015.

[derstandard-at_2015-07-18_AII-141] Analysis - Al-Qaeda is the laughing third party in Yemen ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , derstandard.at, July 18, 2015, by Gudrun Harrer.

[jungewelt-de_2015-07-18_BDS-142] "Liberation" by mercenaries ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , jungewelt.de, page 7, July 18, 2015, by Knut Mellenthin.

[AEI_2015-07-15_2YC-143] 2015 Yemen Crisis Situation Report: July 15 ( memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , American Enterprise Institute , July 15, 2015, by Katherine Zimmerman (with the assistance of: Joseph Hughes and Joshua Koontz).

[AFP_2015-07-17_YGS-144] Yemen govt says Aden 'liberated' but fighting persists ( Memento of 17 July 2015 Webcite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 17, 2015 by Fawaz al-Haidari.

[stratfor-com_2015-07-17_AFS-145] Aden Falls to the Southern Resistance ( Memento of 19 July 2015 Webcite ) , (English) Stratfor , July 17, 2015.

[trust-org_2015-07-18_AHF-146] A ^b Anti-Houthi forces advance in Yemen amid heavy Arab air strikes ( Memento from July 19, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), trust.org, July 18, 2015, by Noah Browning.

[de-reuters-com_2015-07-18_HRJ-147] Houthi rebels in Yemen further pushed back ( memento from July 18, 2015 on WebCite ) , de.reuters.com, July 18, 2015.

[tagesschau-de_2015-07-20_TBH-148] Dead in Houthi attacks in Yemen - Aden not yet "liberated"? ( Memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, July 20, 2015.

[AFP_2015-07-19_YRF-149] Yemen rebel fire kills civilians as Aden battle rages ( Memento from July 20, 2015 on WebCite ) (English), reliefweb.int (Agence France-Presse), July 19, 2015, by Fawaz al-Haidari.

[ANM3-1] A few days after the military alliance officially announced by the Saudi Arabian-led military alliance for the night of April 22, 2015 (source: Yemen: New air strikes despite the announced stop ( memento of April 22, 2015 on WebCite ) , DiePresse .com, April 22, 2015) The end of Operation Decisive Storm , the Foreign Minister of the Yemeni government in exile Hadi, Rijad Jassin, declared that Operation Decisive Storm had not ended but would be continued (sources: Ahmed Aboulenein, in: Yemeni foreign minister rejects peace talks call from ex-president ( Memento from May 6, 2015 on WebCite ) , Reuters US, April 26, 2015. Sabine Rossi, in: Sunni Alliance continues air strikes - Yemen - no peace in sight ( Memento from April 28, 2015 on WebCite ) , tagesschau.de, April 28, 2015).