Philip Hammond

Philip Hammond (2011)

Philip Anthony Hammond (* 4. December 1955 in Epping , Essex ) is a British business leaders and former politicians of the Conservative Party . From 1997 to 2019, Hammond was a member of the UK House of Commons , representing the constituency of Runnymede and Weybridge . He was a member of the government from May 2010 to July 2019, first as transport minister, from 2011 as defense minister and from July 2014 as foreign minister . By Theresa May , he was on 13 July 2016. Chancellor of the Exchequer appointed. On July 24, 2019, Hammond resigned from this office and was expelled from his parliamentary group on September 4, 2019.

Life

Economic manager and MP

After attending a local state school, he began studying philosophy , politics and economics at the University of Oxford in October 1974 . After completing his studies, he worked as an employee in a small pharmaceutical company .

His political career began in 1979 as a volunteer in the Conservative Party election campaign in what is now Westminster North's constituency , which the Conservatives then won by just 106 votes. He later became chairman of the constituency association. Professionally, he has worked in numerous branches of industry (housing construction, manufacturing, healthcare, oil and gas companies).

On June 9, 1994, he ran for the first time at a by-election ( by-election ) even for a seat in the lower house in the constituency Newham North East , but lost to the candidate of the Labor Party , Stephen Timms , the 74.97 percent of the vote achieved. He was also an advisor to the World Bank in Latin America and most recently from 1995 to 1997 an advisor to the government of Malawi .

In the general election in 1997 , he eventually became the first members of the lower house ( House of Commons ) elected and represents there ever since the constituency Runnymede and Weybridge . He was most recently re-elected in the elections on June 8, 2017 with 60.9 percent of the vote.

Shadow cabinet and promotion to minister

In June 1998 he was appointed a member of the shadow cabinet of the Conservative Party and was first "shadow health minister" before he was shadow minister for trade and industry and for small businesses from September 2001 to 2002. He was then shadow minister for local administration and regions between 2002 and 2005 and then shadow chief secretary of the Treasury. He then became shadow minister for labor and pensions in December 2005 and then again shadow chief secretary of the Treasury between July 2007 and May 2010.

After the Conservative Party won the 2010 general election , Prime Minister David Cameron appointed him Minister of Transport in his first cabinet on May 11, 2010 . His appointment came as a surprise, as Theresa Villiers , the previous shadow minister and former member of the European Parliament, was not appointed minister, but merely minister of state in the ministry of transport.

Immediately after his appointment as minister, he announced the end of the "war" of the former Labor government of Gordon Brown against motor vehicle traffic. In particular, drastic increases in the price of gasoline as a result of fluctuations in the oil price are to be excluded.

Defense and Foreign Ministers

Philip Hammond during the Munich Security Conference 2016

After Liam Fox resigned as Secretary of Defense on October 14, 2011, Hammond took over his ministry. His successor as Minister of Transport was Justine Greening .

During this time Hammond made his negative attitude towards same-sex marriage public several times and came under fire when he discussed this point together with incest . Hammond also criticized Prime Minister Cameron for his supportive stance on same-sex marriage. Hammond argued that doing so would negatively affect the Conservative Party's profile.

In a major cabinet reshuffle on July 14, 2014, Prime Minister David Cameron Hammond succeeded William Hague as Foreign Secretary. Michael Fallon became the new Secretary of Defense . Hammond was considered skeptical of the EU when he took office . During the campaign for the EU membership referendum in the UK in 2016 , however, he spoke out in favor of remaining in the European Union .

After the general election on May 7, 2015 , Hammond remained in the same capacity in the newly formed Cameron second government .

Chancellor of the Exchequer

Theresa May became Prime Minister on July 13, 2016; that evening she appointed Hammond to her cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer . Hammond is (as of November 2016) one of the few conservative politicians who are still critical of Brexit . Hammond has pointed out several times that the exit may be painful. Hammond is (as of October 2017) one of the most important voices of the moderate wing of the conservatives who advocate a soft Brexit and a transition phase in relation to the EU. He predicts that a hard Brexit will cause economic shocks. Conservative media therefore accuse Hammond of "treason". After Theresa May announced her early resignation, Hammond was traded as a candidate for her successor and was not entirely averse to this project. Ultimately, however, he decided not to run in the party vote.

In a BBC interview on July 21, 2019, he stated that he would step down from his ministerial office should Boris Johnson become Prime Minister. As a reason, he cited his fundamental rejection of a no-deal Brexit , ie an exit from the EU without a corresponding agreement with the EU. When Johnson took office on July 24, Hammond resigned from his post.

Exclusion from parliamentary group

After Hammond voted against the government's line on September 3, 2019 for a legislative initiative tabled by the opposition to prevent an exit from the EU without an agreement , he was expelled from the parliamentary group on September 4, 2019, together with 20 other members of his party. His local party organization, which had only expressed its trust in him a few days earlier, then revoked this, with the result that he could no longer be nominated in the next election. Hammond had already announced in advance that he wanted to lead the "fight of his life" against such decisions and exclusions.

Although Hammond expressed his preference to run as a candidate for the Conservative Party in the next election , he also signaled his willingness to consider founding his own party from the beginning of October. Amber Rudd and David Gauke were named as possible comrades-in-arms in this project . On November 5, 2019, Hammond announced that he did not want to run again in the 2019 general election.

Return to the private sector

A few days after leaving the House of Commons, Hammond took a senior position at the Irish company Ardagh Group . He also worked as a consultant for the British bank OakNorth .

Possible seat in the upper house

As it became known in February 2020, Boris Johnson is said to have proposed Hammond together with Kenneth Clarke for elevation to the nobility . Linked to this would be a seat in the House of Lords .

Web links

• Presentation at the Conservative Party
• Presentation to Parliament
• Homepage as a Member of Parliament ( They Work For You )
• Philip Hammond. Brief CV. In: Debrett's People of Today
• Information on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Individual evidence

1. ^ Philip Hammond: Secretary of State for Transport. ( Memento of August 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: RoadTransport.com , May 13, 2010.
2. ^ David Millward: Coalition Government: Transport Secretary Philip Hammond Ends Labor's "War on Motorists". In: The Daily Telegraph , May 14, 2010.
3. ↑ Christian Zaschke: British Defense Secretary Fox resigns. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 14, 2011.
4. ↑ Exclusive: Defense Secretary Philip Hammond links incest with same-sex marriage. In: PinkNews - Gay news, reviews and comment from the world's most read lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans news service. Retrieved January 28, 2013, October 2, 2019 (UK English). 
5. ↑ Steven Swinford: Legalizing same-sex marriage was 'damaging' for Tories, Philip Hammond says . November 8, 2013, ISSN  0307-1235 ( telegraph.co.uk [accessed October 2, 2019]).
6. ↑ Nicholas Watt: William Hague to Resign as Foreign Secretary in Major Tory Reshuffle. In: The Guardian , July 14, 2014.
7. ↑ James Forsyth: Philip Hammond: A Very Eurosceptic Foreign Secretary. In: The Spectator , July 14, 2014.
8. ↑ Brexit could take up to six years to complete, says Philip Hammond. The Guardian, July 12, 2016, accessed July 12, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Theresa May's cabinet: Who's in and who's out? BBC News, July 13, 2016, accessed July 14, 2016 . 
10. ↑ FAZ.net / Marcus Theurer July 14, 2016: Theresa May's most important man
11. ↑ sueddeutsche.de November 24, 2016: Chancellor of the Treasury Hammond disenchants the Brexit dream world (comment by Christian Zaschke)
12. ↑ spiegel.de October 13, 2017: British minister describes the EU as an enemy
13. ↑ Rowena Mason, Jessica Elgot: Brexit: new referendum may be only way out of deadlock, says Hammond . In: The Guardian . May 31, 2019, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed October 2, 2019]).
14. ^ Philip Hammond plans to quit if Johnson becomes PM. BBC News, July 22, 2019, accessed July 22, 2019 . 
15. ^ Philip Hammond, Rory Stewart and David Gauke all quit as government exodus begins before Boris Johnson is appointed prime minister. Evening Standard , July 24, 2019, accessed August 5, 2019. (English)
16. ↑ Oliver Kühn: British government throws dissenters from the FAZ.NET faction , September 4, 2019, accessed on the same day.
17. ^ Owen Bennett: Philip Hammond deselected as a Conservative candidate. The Daily Telegraph , September 4, 2019, accessed the same day. (English)
18. ↑ Kate Proctor: Philip Hammond preparing for political "fight of a lifetime". The Guardian, September 3, 2019, accessed the following day. (English)
19. ↑ Alberto Nardelli, Alex Wickham: Amber Rudd, Philip Hammond, And David Gauke Are In Talks To Lead A New Political Grouping At The Next Election. Retrieved October 12, 2019 . 
20. ↑ Hammond in talks with ousted Tory MPs to form new grouping for the next election. Retrieved October 12, 2019 . 
21. ↑ Oliver Milne: Ex-Chancellor Philip Hammond may form 'group' with Tory rebels for next election. October 11, 2019, accessed October 12, 2019 . 
22. ↑ Ex-Chancellor Philip Hammond to stand down as MP . November 5, 2019 ( bbc.com [accessed November 5, 2019]).
23. ^ Peter Hamilton: Philip Hammond appointed to board of Irish glass maker. Retrieved November 22, 2019 . 
24. ^ Staff, agencies: Philip Hammond joins British bank Oak North as adviser . In: The Guardian . January 27, 2020, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed February 25, 2020]).
25. ^ Brexit critics Hammond and Clarke set for peerages . In: BBC News . February 6, 2020 ( bbc.com [accessed February 25, 2020]).