Violante from bar
Violante von Bar (also Jolanthe or Yolande) (* 1365 ; † August 13, 1431 ) was the wife of John I and Queen of Aragón .
Life
Violante was the eldest daughter of Duke Robert I of Bar and his wife Maria, Princess of France (1344-1404). In May 1380, she married the Aragonese heir to the throne John I in Montpellier .
Even after his accession to the throne in 1387, Violante's husband continued to love hunting. However, he was also highly educated and interested in art. He had been married once before he married Violante von Bar against his father's wishes.
This was viewed negatively by Aragonese contemporaries and historians as foreigners. She was accused of leading a lavish life and unduly influencing politics. The couple's court became a spiritual center, but it was enormously expensive, something that contemporaries in particular blamed Violante. Her husband left much of the government to her. But she didn't act against his will.
She succeeded in disempowering the de Fortià family, who held important key political positions with the fourth marriage of Peter IV of Aragón to Sibila de Fortià (1350-1406). Violante managed to rule largely without the Cortes .
In terms of foreign policy, it freed Aragón from its old connections and increasingly pushed it to the side of France. During the Hundred Years' War, the country was now clearly on the side of France. In 1390 Violante arranged for her daughter Jolanthe to be married to the Naples heir Ludwig .
After the death of her husband in 1396, inheritance problems arose. The king had only daughters from previous marriages. The daughter Johanna was married to Count Mathieu von Foix since 1392. Violanta and the count tried in vain to enforce the inheritance claim from his wife. The attempt to get her daughter Jolanthe through as heiress was also unsuccessful. Until her death, she did not give up the fight for her daughter's claim to inheritance and remained politically active. In the question of inheritance, Martin I prevailed.
Her marble tomb is located in the 'Royal Tombs' in the Monestir de Santa Maria de Poblet .
An extensive correspondence from Violante de Bar has been preserved in the State Archives, Barcelona.
progeny
from her marriage to Johann she had the following children:
- Jacob (1382–1388), Duke of Girona
- Jolanthe (1379–1442) ⚭ 1400 King Ludwig II of Naples
- Antonia (1391-1392)
- Eleanor (* / † 1393)
- Ferdinand (* / † 1394), Duke of Girona
- Johanna (* / † 1396)
literature
- Raphaela Averkorn: rulers and foreign policy. Noble women as agents of foreign relations on the Iberian Peninsula (13th to 15th centuries). In: Karl H. Schneider (Ed.): Gender roles in history from a Polish and German point of view (= politics and history. Vol. 5). Lit, Münster et al. 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7732-9 , pp. 91-138, here pp. 133-135.
- Dawn Bratsch-Prince: The Politics of Self-Representation in the Letters of Violant de Bar (1365-1431). In: Medieval Encounters. Vol. 12, No. 1, 2006, pp. 2-25, doi : 10.1163 / 157006706777502505 .
- Isabel de Riquer: Los libros de Violante de Bar. In: María del Mar Graña Cid (ed.): Las sabias mujeres. Volume 1: Educación, saber y autoría (siglos III – XVII) (= Colección Laya. 13). Asociación Cultural Al-Mundayna, Madrid 1994, ISBN 84-87090-13-3 , pp. 161-173.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Violante from bar |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Iolant de Bar; Jolante from Bar; Violant de bar; Yoland de Bar; Yolanda de Bar; Yolande de Bar; Yolant de Bar |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Queen of Aragon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1365 |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 13, 1431 |