Singing (Hohentwiel)
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Coordinates: 47 ° 46 ' N , 8 ° 50' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Constancy | |
| Height : | 429 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 61.77 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 47,723 (Dec 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 773 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 78224 | |
| Area code : | 07731 | |
| License plate : | KN | |
| Community key : | 08 3 35 075 | |
| LOCODE : | DE SIN | |
| City structure: | Core city and 6 districts | |
City administration address : |
Hohgarten 2 78224 Singen |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Bernd Häusler ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Singen (Hohentwiel) in the district of Konstanz | ||
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Singen (Hohentwiel) ( ) is a city in the south of Baden-Württemberg , about 30 kilometers northwest of Konstanz and 20 kilometers northeast of Schaffhausen ( Switzerland ). Singen is the second largest city in the district of Konstanz after the district town of Konstanz and forms the middle center for the surrounding Hegau communities. Since April 1, 1956, Singen has been a major district town .
geography
Geographical location
Singen is located in Hegau , northwest of Lake Constance at the foot of the Hohentwiel , a phonolite cone (volcanic cone) that belongs to the Hegaubergen. The Radolfzeller Aach flows between the city and the Hohentwiel , which rises in the municipality of Aach north of Singen (the water comes from the Danube that seeps away between Immendingen and Möhringen and near Fridingen ) and, after leaving the urban area, flows into Lake Constance west of Radolfzell . The border between Germany and Switzerland runs in the southwest of the municipality .
climate
In 2008, according to the weather report of the weather service Meteomedia, the Singen mountain, Hohentwiel, which towers over 250 meters, was fourth in the ranking of the sunniest place in Germany with 2057 hours of sunshine . In the previous year, Singen achieved second place in Germany with 2142 hours of sunshine measured on the Hohentwiel. In addition to the Meteomedia weather station on the Hohentwiel, the Hegau weather station used by Meteomedia (Singen weather station; 47 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 49 ′ 12 ″ E ; 445 m above sea level ) of another network is located around two kilometers away . Because of the many hours of sunshine on the Hohentwiel and the favorable volcanic weathered rock, viticulture is possible on the Hohentwiel. At over 500 m above sea level, the Hohentwiel is the highest wine location in Germany.
Neighboring communities
The following cities and municipalities border the city of Singen (Hohentwiel): Hilzingen , Mühlhausen-Ehingen , Volkertshausen , Steißlingen , Radolfzell am Bodensee , Moos , Öhningen and Rielasingen-Worblingen , all of which are in the district of Konstanz , and - with a border length of approx. 180 m in a forest - Hemishofen in Switzerland .
City structure
The city is divided into the core city (39,332 inhabitants, December 31, 2019) and the formerly independent communities that were added as part of the community reform of the 1970s
- Beuren an der Aach (1,490 inhabitants, December 31, 2019)
- Bohlingen (1,863 inhabitants, December 31, 2019)
- Friedingen (1,502 inhabitants, Dec. 31, 2019)
- Hausen an der Aach (880 inhabitants, December 31, 2019)
- Schlatt under crows (1,090 inhabitants, December 31, 2019)
- Überlingen am Ried (1,710 inhabitants, December 31, 2019).
The details of the population are taken from the population statistics of the city of Singen.
Some parts of the city have spatially separated residential areas with their own names, which often have very few residents. There are also residential areas with their own names, the names of which have emerged in the course of development and the boundaries of which are usually not precisely defined. The following are to be mentioned in detail:
- to the city center: Bruderhof, Am Duchtlinger Berg, Heinrich-Weber-Siedlung, Hohentwiel, Remishof, Waldheim
- to Bohlingen: Ziegelhof
- to Friedingen: Hohenfriedingen Castle , Leprosenhaus, Neuhaus, Riedmühle, Schlosshof
- at Hausen an der Aach: Dornermühle
- to Überlingen am Ried: Gaisenrain
Spatial planning
Singen forms a middle center within the Hochrhein-Bodensee region , with the cities and municipalities Aach (Hegau) , Büsingen am Hochrhein , Engen , Gailingen am Hochrhein , Gottmadingen , Hilzingen , Mühlhausen-Ehingen , Rielasingen-Worblingen , Steißlingen , Tengen and Volkertshausen in the middle belonging to the district of Constance. In addition, there are links with the cantons of Schaffhausen and Thurgau in Switzerland .
history
Prehistory and early history
A large early Bronze Age burial ground was discovered in the 1950s . This discovery gave the so-called Singen Group its name . It is around 2300 to 2000 BC. Detectable and was widespread in the area between the Swabian Alb and Lake Constance as well as in the Württemberg Swabia and in Bavarian Swabia. Seven Roman coins found date back to a post-Limesque period between 341 and 354 AD. A Roman estate was found in the Bohlingen district .
Until the 19th century
Singen was first mentioned in a document as Sisinga in 787 . The monastery of St. Gallen owned, among others . From the 11th century onwards, noble freemen were mentioned, who from 1170/80, after their newly built ancestral castle, Hohenfriedingen Castle , referred to themselves as Lords of Friedingen and remained the masters of Singen until 1461. In 1466 the place came to the von Fulach family, 1518 to the von Klingenberg , on November 28, 1530 to the Lords of Bodman , from whom it was finally sold to Austria . In 1571 the lords of Bodman were again the local lords, then from 1607 the lords of Reischach and finally Austria again in 1632. These gave Singen in 1655 to Johann Gaudenz von Rost, who formed the rule of Singen-Mühlhausen. This came through marriage to the Counts of Enzenberg , who built a castle in Singen in the 18th century . As part of the county of Nellenburg , the village and manor Singen belonged to Austria from 1465 to 1805. With the peace treaty of Pressburg, Singen came to the Württemberg Oberamt Stockach in 1805 and to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1810 . Singen was initially a municipality in the Radolfzell district office . When it was dissolved in 1872, Singen became part of the Konstanz district office .
At the end of the 19th century, Singen developed into an industrial community, which grew significantly, especially after Maggi settled in 1887. Therefore, by decree of the Interior Ministry of the Grand Duchy of Baden on September 11, 1899, the municipality of Singen was granted city rights.
Early to mid-20th century
At the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship in March 1933, the publication of the SPD newspaper “Volkswille”, which was produced in the Thurgauer / Ekkehardstrasse publishing house , was banned. The union building on Schwarzwaldstrasse was confiscated when the unions were banned and the workers' sports clubs that had operated on the Schnaidholz sports field were dissolved. These and other processes of persecution and resistance have been made tangible since 1989 in a "history trail".
Singen escape route
The Singen escape route ("The Singen route") to Switzerland was discovered by the Dutch naval lieutenant Hans Larive in 1940 during his first attempt to escape from the Oflag VI-A in Soest . Larive was caught near Singen near the Swiss border. The interrogating him Gestapo - Officer was confident that Germany would soon win the war that he described Larive a safe way across the border. Larive made a note of this, and many prisoners later escaped this way. These include Larive himself, Francis Steinmetz, Anthony Luteyn, Airey Neave , Pat Reid, and Howard Wardle, all of whom fled Colditz .
Slave labor
During the Second World War several thousand women, children and men were abducted to Singen and forced to work in local industry, the companies Maggi , Aluminumwerk Singen , Georg Fischer AG and other companies . Towards the end of the war, every sixth inhabitant of Singens was a citizen of the Soviet Union . They lived in 17 different camps, one of them on a site in Fittingstrasse , on which the St. Theresien Chapel stands today, under which a punishment bunker still exists today. A “foreigner memorial ” in the forest cemetery commemorates almost 50 victims of forced labor.
The Roman Catholic pastor August Ruf and his former vicar Eugen Weiler were among the humanitarian helpers for numerous persecuted opponents of Hitler and Jews across the Swiss border . After the discovery, Ruf was arrested and died of the consequences of his imprisonment in 1944, while Weiler survived the Dachau concentration camp . A street name, a memorial plaque and a stumbling block remind of Ruf .
bombing
The first bombings took place on October 17 and November 9, 1944. The heaviest attack was on December 25, 1944. 38 twin-engined US bombers of the type Martin B-25 Marauder of the 320th Bombardment Group flew an attack on Singen from Dijon , in which 37 people died and almost 60 were injured. In the final phase of the war, on February 22nd and 23rd, 1945, Singen was bombed again during Operation Clarion . Even on April 21, 1945, just before the end of the war, there was still another bombing.
Today it is assumed that the Singen armaments companies Maggi , Georg Fischer and Aluminum Walzwerk were spared attacks because these companies belonged to Swiss owners. The inner city was all the more difficult to destroy.
post war period
During the administrative reform in 1939, Singen became part of the district of Constance and after the Second World War the city belonged to the state of (southern) Baden , and from 1952 to the administrative district of southern Baden . At that time, the city's population exceeded 20,000. Singen was therefore declared a major district town when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code came into force on April 1, 1956 . During the municipal and district reforms at the beginning of the 1970s, the urban area reached its present size.
On May 3, 1977, after an identity check and subsequent exchange of fire, the terrorists of the Red Army Faction (RAF) Verena Becker and Günter Sonnenberg were arrested in Singen.
Hohentwiel
The largest German fortress ruin is located on the local mountain Hohentwiel , the main tourist attraction of Singen . Its fortifications were only razed by French troops in 1801, after they had largely lost their military function, during the Napoleonic Wars . The place was first mentioned in 919 as a duel , a castle owned by the empire. In the 12th century it was owned by the Lords of Singen and initially shared the fortunes of the village. In 1538 it was sold to the Duke of Württemberg, who had it expanded into a fortress. The fortress was able to withstand numerous sieges. In the 18th century it served as a state prison and, even after it was razed by the French in 1801, remained the Württemberg state domain . In 1850, Hohentwiel became a part of the city of Tuttlingen , about 24 kilometers to the north , into which it was formally incorporated in 1933. On January 1, 1969, the Hohentwiel was umgemeindet in the city of Singen.
Districts
Beuren an der Aach wasfirst mentionedin 1204 as Bure . The Reichenau monastery had possessions in the village. The local lords were initially the lords of crows, then the lords of Friedingen until 1539and temporarily the von Fulach family in the 15th century. Via Valentin Zäggy von Stockach, Beuren came to Christoph Lutz Reichlin von Meldegg in 1554, who owned the place until 1628. Then other different ruling families were the local rulers, such as the Vogt von Alten-Summerau and Praßberg family and the Johann Baptist von Liebenfels zu Worblingen family. After all, Beuren belonged to the Langenstein rule. The county of Nellenburg had high jurisdiction. In 1805 Beuren came to Württemberg and in 1810 to Baden. Then it was a municipality in the Stockach district office, from which the Stockach district emerged. Beuren only came to the district of Constance when it was incorporated in Singen.
Bohlingen wasfirst mentionedin 733 as Wobolginga . The monastery of St. Gallen owned, among others. Later it belonged to the Bishop of Constance, who had it administered by ministerials. Later there was a separate rule Bohlingen, which from 1416 was in the hands of the Lords of Homburg as an Austrian fiefdom. In 1456 the rule came to the Salem monastery, in 1469 to the Counts of Sulz and in 1497 to the Bishop of Constance. From the 15th century onwards, jurisdiction lay with the Landgraviate of Nellenburg. Bohlingen was the seat of an office from 1686. In 1803 Bohlingen came to Baden and was initially the seat of an office that was dissolved in 1810. Then the place belonged to the Radolfzell Office. When it was dissolved in 1872, Bohlingen came to the Konstanz district office. Remains of the medieval castle Kastenbühl can be found southwest of Bohlingen.
Friedingen wasfirst mentionedin 1090 as Fridinga . The monastery of St. Gallen had possessions, then the monastery of Reichenau. After all, there was a local rule, but the place was pledged several times, including to the Lords of Bodman. Friedingen sold these to the city of Radolfzell in 1538. The Landgraviate of Nellenburg was responsible for the sovereignty. In 1806 Friedingen came to Württemberg, 1810 to Baden and initially belonged to the Radolfzell district office. After its dissolution in 1872, the place came to the district office of Konstanz.
Hausen an der Aach wasfirst mentionedas USA in 787. Here, too, the monastery of St. Gallen, later the monastery of Reichenau, owned. Like its neighbors, Hausen also belonged to different lords before the place was sold by the lords of Friedingen to the city of Radolfzell in1544. From 1703 to 1759 Hausen belonged to the barons of Alten-Summerau and Praßberg. The high judiciary was incumbent on the Landgraviate of Nellenburg until 1805, until the transition to Württemberg. In 1810 Hausen came to Baden and was subordinate to the Stockach office. From 1813 the place belonged to the district office Radolfzell and after its dissolution in 1872 Hausen came to the district office Konstanz.
Schlatt under Crows wasfirst mentionedin 787 as Slat . This place also belonged to the monastery of St. Gallen, then to the monastery of Reichenau and came to Hans Ludwig von Bodman through various dominions in 1592, to Jakob Hannibal von Raitnau in 1606 and finally to the Counts of Rechberg through marriage. In 1619 Schlatt came to Rudolf Ebinger von der Burg and through his descendants in 1785 to the mayor of Überlingen from Lenzenfeld, and in 1790 to Johann Adam von Bodman. The high jurisdiction lay with the Landgraviate of Nellenburg. In 1808 Schlatt came to Württemberg, 1809 to Baden and belonged to the office of Blumenfeld, from 1803 to the office of Engen. In 1824 Schlatt was reassigned to the Engen Office, again to the Blumenfeld Office in 1843 and again to the Engen Office in 1857, where it remained until its dissolution in 1936. Then the place came to the district office of Konstanz.
Überlingen am Ried was first mentioned in 1256. In the 14th century it was called Überlingen in Ryete. The monastic possessions on the island of Reichenau were administered by the Amannamt of the city of Radolfzell. From there it was assigned to the Habsburg office of Aach around 1300 and in 1538 came to the city of Radolfzell, which exercised the lower jurisdiction. The Landgraviate of Nellenburg had high jurisdiction. In 1805 Überlingen came to Württemberg, 1810 to Baden and then belonged to the Radolfzell district office. When it was dissolved in 1872, the place came to the district office of Konstanz.
Incorporations
The following communities or parts of the community have been incorporated into the town of Singen (Hohentwiel):
- 1967: Bruderhof , until then an exclave of the city of Tuttlingen
- January 1, 1969: Hohentwiel (until then the exclave of the city of Tuttlingen)
- January 1, 1971: Überlingen am Ried
- December 1, 1971: Friedingen, Hausen an der Aach, Schlatt under crows
- April 1, 1972: Beuren an der Aach
- January 1, 1975: Bohlingen
Population development
Population figures according to the respective area. The numbers are census results (¹) or official updates from the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office (only main residences ).
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| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1775 | 747 |
| 1810 | 843 |
| 1825 | 976 |
| 1852 | 1,452 |
| 1861 | 1,532 |
| December 1, 1871 ¹ | 1,674 |
| December 1, 1880¹ | 1,973 |
| December 1, 1900 ¹ | 3,909 |
| December 1, 1910¹ | 8,359 |
| June 16, 1925 ¹ | 11,470 |
| June 16, 1933 ¹ | 15,536 |
| May 17, 1939 ¹ | 18.096 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| September 13, 1950 ¹ | 21,766 |
| June 6, 1961 ¹ | 33,267 |
| May 27, 1970 ¹ | 41,256 |
| December 31, 1975 | 45,566 |
| December 31, 1980 | 43,529 |
| May 25, 1987 ¹ | 42,403 |
| December 31, 1990 | 43,689 |
| December 31, 1995 | 44,338 |
| December 31, 2000 | 44,733 |
| December 31, 2005 | 45,366 |
| December 31, 2010 | 45,826 |
| December 31, 2015 | 47,287 |
| December 31, 2016 | 47,981 |
| December 31, 2017 | 47,716 |
Religions
Singing initially belonged to the diocese of Constance . A parish was mentioned as early as 1275. In 1350 the patronage of St. Peter (later St. Peter and Paul ) appears, which was near Reichenau monastery. Several branches belonged to him. Even after the Reformation, Singen remained predominantly Catholic.
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Today's main church of the city of St. Peter and Paul was built in 1778/81 using older components. The parish of Singen came to the newly founded Archdiocese of Freiburg in 1821/27 . Due to a strong increase in the population, further parishes were separated from the parish of St. Peter and Paul and new Catholic churches were built. The Herz-Jesu-Kirche (parish from 1934) was built from 1908 to 1911 , St. Josefskirche (parish from 1945) in 1927/28, Maria Königin Church in 1954 (Liebfrauen parish from 1974) and in 1962 St. Elisabeth's Parish from 1973). All of the parishes mentioned today form the Singen pastoral care unit within the Deanery of Hegau . The cemetery chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was built in 1898.
There are also Catholic parishes in the Singen districts that have a long tradition. A parish was mentioned in Bohlingen as early as 1155. The current parish church of St. Pankratius was built in the 15th century and expanded in 1978/80. In the cemetery there is a St. Martin chapel from the 16th century. A branch of the parish Bohlingen has been mentioned in Überlingen since 1360. It has had its own parish there since 1798. Today's Church of the Holy Cross was built in 1862 in neo-Gothic style. Both parishes, together with three neighboring communities, belong to the Aachtal pastoral care unit.
In 1204 Beuren is mentioned as a church and in 1275 as a parish. Today's St. Bartholomew Church was built from 1839 to 1841. A church was mentioned in Friedingen in 1194 and a parish of St. Leodegar in 1275. The parish church of St. Leodegar , the oldest sacred building in Singen, was built in the 13th century as a choir tower church, whose late Gothic tower substructure, the choir tower , still stands today. The associated nave was replaced by a new building in 1728, which was expanded in 1963 and completed with a roof turret. Hausen an der Aach was a branch of Singen since the 14th century. A curate was established in 1794 and its own parish in 1820. The parish church of St. Agatha and Katharina was built in 1826/27. The Catholics in Schlatt belonged to the parish of St. Peter and Paul Mühlhausen until 1977, and since then Schlatt has formed its own parish. The current cemetery chapel of St. John the Baptist and Rochus was built in 1746, the current parish church of St. John the Baptist was consecrated in 1984. Today, the four parishes, together with the neighboring parishes of Volkertshausen and Steißlingen, form the pastoral care unit of Mittlerer Hegau.
Although the places in today's Singen city area remained predominantly Catholic until the 19th century, there have been Protestant services on the Hohentwiel since the Reformation. After the destruction of the church on the Hohentwiel, the services were held in the domain courtyard. A Protestant church was built in Singen in 1863. The parish of Singen was established in 1894. In 1913, today's Luther Church was built. The St. Mark's Parish was separated from the Luther parish in 1967 after the St. Mark's Church had already been built in 1959. Other Protestant communities are the Paulusgemeinde and the Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Gemeinde. All four parishes in the city of Singen belong to the Deanery of Constance of the Evangelical Church in Baden . Protestants from the districts of Beuren an der Aach, Friedingen and Hausen an der Aach also belong to the communities. The Protestants in the districts of Bohlingen, Schlatt unter Krähen and Überlingen am Ried are looked after by the neighboring communities of Böhringen and Aach-Volkertshausen.
The first Protestant church was given to the old Catholic community in 1918 . As St. Thomas Church , it is the parish church for the Old Catholics of Singen.
In addition to the two large churches, there are also congregations in Singen that belong to free churches , including an ICF , an Evangelical Free Church Congregation ( Baptists ), a Free Evangelical Church , the Church of God , the Joshua Pentecostal Church , the Christian Church in Singen and a Adventist Church . The New Apostolic Church , Jehovah's Witnesses , the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Christian Scientific Association are also represented in Singen. The Singen Muslim Community opened its own mosque and community center in March 2007 .
politics
City council
Since the local elections on May 25, 2014 , the city council in Singen has 32 seats. The following diagrams show the election results .
In the municipal council election on May 26, 2019, the CDU received eight seats (27.15%), the SPD six seats (18.67%), the Free Voters four seats (11.45%), and the Neue Linie three seats (9 , 78%), the Greens six seats (18.19%), the FDP three seats (9.75%) and the list singing ecologically and socially two seats (5.00%).
Mayor and Lord Mayor
At the head of the community of Singen were initially the bailiffs, from 1832 the mayors, who were initially still active on a voluntary basis. From 1904 the mayors worked full-time. There was also a local council with twelve councilors and another body consisting of 36 local councilors. As of 1920 there were twelve municipal councils and 72 municipal councilors. After 1933 there were only twelve councilors and the mayor. In 1950 the mayor got an alderman at his side and the mayor the title of mayor . This is directly elected by the electorate for a term of 8 years. He is chairman of the municipal council. His general deputy was initially the 1st alderman with the official title of mayor, but this office was abolished and there was only one honorary deputy. Since 2005, the office of First Mayor has been back, which has been held by Ute Seifried since 2015 . During the time without a Lord Mayor, Bernd Häusler replaced the then outgoing Lord Mayor and later Baden-Württemberg Minister of Social Affairs, Andreas Renner, as administrative administrator. The mayor election in 2013 in Singen was the first local election in Baden-Württemberg in which 16 and 17 year olds were also eligible to vote. After the first ballot remained without a winner, Bernd Häusler was able to prevail against the incumbent Oliver Ehret (49.75%) on July 14, with a turnout of almost 48% , and took office in September 2013.
Mayor or Lord Mayor of Singen since 1810
- 1810–1813: Jakob Buchegger
- 1813-1832: Anton Waibel
- 1832–1852: Georg Weber (clerk)
- 1852–1861: Dominik Buchegger
- 1861–1864: Anton Waibel
- 1864–1865: Johann Messmer
- 1865 Georg Weber (administrator)
- 1865–1870: Anton Schrott
- 1870–1873: Kaspar Waibel
- 1873–1876: Ziprian Ehinger
- 1876-1892: Kaspar Waibel
- 1892–1899: Josef Buchegger
- 1899–1904: Adolf Schrott
- 1904–1912: Valentin Busch
- 1912–1919: Paul Thorbecke
- 1919–1923: Jägler
- 1923–1933: Edmund Kaufmann (German Center Party)
- 1933–1934: Ernst Hein (NSDAP)
- 1934–1945: Philipp Herbold
- 1945–1946: Bernhard Dietrich
- 1946–1969: Theopont Diez (CDU)
- 1969–1993: Friedhelm Möhrle (SPD)
- 1993-2005: Andreas Renner (CDU)
- 2005–2013: Oliver Ehret (CDU)
- since 2013: Bernd Häusler (CDU)
coat of arms
The coat of arms of Singen (Hohentwiel) shows an upright, red-armored and red-tongued black bear in silver, which holds a shield in its front paws that is split from gold and blue to the tip. The city flag is yellow-blue.
The coat of arms was adopted shortly after the town was raised in 1899. It is about the St. Gallen Bear, which is intended to refer to the possessions of the St. Gallen Monastery in Singen. The two-tone coat of arms indicates the Lords of Singen, who are documented in the 11th and 12th centuries.
Town twinning
Singen has twinned cities with La Ciotat in France (since 1968), with Pomezia in Italy (since 1974), with Celje in Slovenia (since 1989) and since 1993 with Kobeljaky in the Ukraine .
The partnership with Celje goes back to the cooperation between IG Metall Singen and the trade unions in Celje, as well as the friendship between the Konkordia male choir and the Celje chamber choir.
Kobeljaky associates singing with the fact that many of the forced laborers in Singen came from the Poltava region . This only became known in the 1990s through research by Wilhelm Waibel.
Culture and sights
Theater and events
Singing town hall
The Stadthalle Singen is a modern event center on the outskirts of the city center, in the park landscape of the former state horticultural show under the Hohentwiel. The opening was on September 15, 2007.
The town hall offers rooms for all kinds of events, with space for up to 1900 visitors. A comparable stage with an orchestra pit can only be found on the Swiss train . In 2008 a hotel with 92 rooms was opened right next to the town hall.
The event center is operated by the city's own company “Kultur & Tourismus Singen” (KTS). With its own theater and concert program, the KTS makes a contribution to the city's cultural mandate, plus a number of guest organizers. From the opening to the celebration of the fifth anniversary on September 15, 2012, around 350,000 visitors came to a total of 950 events in the Singen town hall. This balance does not include the major events on the new town hall square created with the construction of the town hall, such as the public viewing for the 2010 soccer World Cup or the closing party of the SWR “Tour de Ländle” 2011, in which KTS was involved.
The new town hall in Singen replaced the former guest theater “Kunsthalle” and the auditorium of the Hegau grammar school as a concert hall. At the same time, it completed Singens' “culture mile” with the Scheffelhalle (1925 - see: Buildings ), the Hegau Archaeological Museum, the municipal art museum, the GEMS cultural center, the “Music Island” and the private pub theater “Die Färbe”.
Other venues
Theater is also offered in Singen in the Färbe , a private theater with a pub that has existed since 1978. A ballet school is attached to the theater.
The GEMS cultural center offers cinema, music, theater and galleries. It was opened in 1978 in neighboring Arlen and in 1989 moved to the former Kreuz Gasthaus in Singen. The GEMS also houses the Municipal Cinema Wide and jazz club singing .
Museums
- The Archaeological Hegau Museum shows finds and information about the world of the people who settled in Hegau from the end of the last Ice Age to the early Middle Ages.
- The Art Museum Singen shows art of classical modernism on Lake Constance and contemporary art from the Euregio Bodensee.
- The MAC Museum Art & Cars shows works of classic modern and contemporary art from the collection of the Südwestdeutsche Kunststiftung, as well as oldtimers in temporary exhibitions.
Stumbling blocks
From 2010 to 2018, a total of around 80 stumbling blocks have been laid in Singen in memory of those persecuted during the National Socialist era.
Libraries
- Singen City Library
- Hegau library
Buildings
The most important sight and landmark of the city is the Hohentwiel with its castle ruins, the fortress Hohentwiel . The current complex goes back to a castle from 914, which became the seat of the Swabian dukes in the 10th century. In the 12th and 13th centuries it was the seat of a knight dynasty and around 1300 it came into the possession of the Thurgau von Klingenberg family. In 1521 it became part of Württemberg. The dukes of Württemberg built a castle in 1553/1554 including the medieval castle. In the 16th century the Hohentwiel was expanded into a state fortress and in the 18th century the facility served as a state prison. In 1800/1801 the castle was razed by French troops. The complex also includes a Protestant church, which was built as a simple hall during the Thirty Years War. The tower now serves as a lookout tower.
In the city there are II. Vogler built a 1809/1810 to plans by Hans Konrad Castle . Today it is used by the Hegau Museum .
The Scheffel Bridge is a stone bridge about 20 meters long over the Radolfzeller Aach. The bridge was built during the inflation period in 1923 and, according to the inscription, cost 1,520,940,901,926,024 (one and a half quadrillion ) marks. This makes it “the most expensive bridge in the world”.
The Scheffelhalle was built in 1925 as a “provisional building” for a large song festival and, as a “strong representative of Expressionist architecture”, is a listed building .
The town hall, which was built in 1960 according to plans by Hannes Ott, is adjacent to the castle. Built in light travertine with bare aluminum windows that should be a witness to the importance of the metal on site, it is a representative of a modern architecture leaning towards classicism. The approx. 12 × 5 m fresco War and Peace by the painter Otto Dix is located in the conference room . The wedding room (registry office) was also furnished by Otto Dix with a wall painting, motif: paradise scene.
The main Catholic church in Singen is St. Peter and Paul, built in 1778/1781 using older components. Other churches are the Herz-Jesu-Kirche, built between 1908 and 1911, a neo-Romanesque pillar basilica by Raimund Jeblinger , the St. Joseph's Church built in 1927/1928, the Church of Mary Queen built in 1954 and the Church of St. Elisabeth built in 1962. The Evangelical Luther Church was built in 1913. There is also the Markuskirche from 1959, the Pauluskirche and the Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church. The old Protestant church from 1863 is today the Old Catholic Church of St. Thomas.
There are also Catholic churches and chapels in the Singen districts (see section Religions).
In 2008 the Hegau Tower , an 18-storey modernist high-rise from the office of the German-American architect Helmut Jahn , Chicago , was completed.
Regular events
The Hohentwiel Festival is one of the most important regular events in Singing. In addition to concerts of jazz, pop, rock and classical music, this also includes the castle festival. A program is offered on over ten stages inside and below the ruins.
The Singen “Fasnet” ( Carnival ) is the fifth season. In the city center there are twelve fools 'associations that maintain the customs with parades, balls and fools' mirrors.
May Day celebrations on May 1st on the Town Hall Square with cultural offerings and culinary specialties from foreign associations.
Every two years (in odd years), the IG Singen-Süd exhibition takes place in the industrial area in spring.
In June there is the city festival with music performances, a flea market, club performances and a craft market.
On the weekend around November 11th there is Martini market with Sunday shopping.
Art in public space
The subject of "art in public space" has been part of the Singen city center concept since 1928. Beginning with a glass window work in August Babberger's municipal hospital, "Awakening a daughter, crucifixion, healing a leper", other works of art, some of which were controversial, followed in public space. With the best known are z. B. the mural “War and Peace” by Otto Dix in the newly built council chamber in 1960 and the mural “Adam and Eve” on the main wall in the wedding room of the town hall. Also in 1960, the triptych “Man in the Community” by Curth Georg Becker was created for the town hall's citizens' hall . In the city itself, Erich Hauser's steel sculpture in the pedestrian zone, which was given to the city of Singen as a gift in 1985, has become a well-known landmark. Other works of art followed, such as the “Lichtfugenstele” designed by the artist Gerlinde Beck in 1979, which was initially set up at the intersection of August-Ruf-Strasse and Schwarzwaldstrasse. Then they were moved to their current location with a signal effect; in front of the Singen Municipal Art Museum in Ekkehardstrasse, which has always played a supporting role in the discussion about increased art in public space. In 1995 Robert Schad's steel sculpture entitled “Singing” was added on Heinrich-Weber-Platz. In 1997 the large concrete and cement sculpture "Paradiesbaum" by Peter Lenk found its location at the intersection of Scheffel- and Hegaustraße.
Singen experienced a real “boom” in art in public space with the art project “Here, There and There” for the State Garden Show 2000. Among other things, the following were created at that time:
- "Male figure", wooden sculpture by Stephan Balkenhol in the top arcade of the listed water tower of the Maggi company
- Two-part installation by Guido Nussbaum : “Attention Construction Work - The Singen Variations” opposite the Singen main train station
- "Located World", a light installation by Joseph Kosuth at the top of the Singen town hall building
- “Singing”, letter installation by Harald F. Müller on the north wall of the DRK building
- "Local Park Express", by Kirsten Mosher in the town hall
- "Brunnenstube", room installation by Roman Signer in the water reservoir on the Ambohl
- "Frontierland", by Catherine Beaugrand in the city garden near the city hall
- "Golden Apples", by Ilya Kabakov , also in the city garden Singen near the city hall.
In 2007 and 2010, co-initiated by the Singen Art Museum, the light installation “Lichtband” by Miriam Prantl (* 1965) and the large sculpture “Singener Kapitell” by Markus Daum (* 1959) at the new town hall in Singen, and in 2012 the multi-part work “Empilement “Realized by Markus F. Strieder (* 1961) at the Singen Education Academy. The 2010 wooden sculpture “Encounter” by the artist Klaus Prior at the Georg-Fischer-Strasse roundabout is also one of the newest works of art in Singen's public space.
Cultural characteristics
In 2003 the Yeniche Association was founded in Singen . V. founded the first Yeniche association in Germany. In 2004 the first Yenish cultural festival took place in the Scheffelhalle in Singen. In 2005 a Bootsch tournament followed, with which the Yenish Association presented this traditional and specific Yeniche sport for the first time worldwide as part of a public sporting event.
Sports facilities
The large number of sports facilities available include an indoor swimming pool, an outdoor swimming pool (Aachbad), the cycling track, an indoor go-kart track, several soccer fields and stadiums, tennis courts, indoor tennis courts and shooting ranges. Since October 19, 2005, a stadium with a blue tartan track has officially been available to schools in Singen and athletes. This is only the second ever in Germany - after the Berlin Olympic Stadium.
In the 1990s, DTM races took place in Singen . The street circuit (the so-called Alemannenring ) was located in the industrial area in the south of the city.
societies
Music clubs
In Singen there are several choirs and a youth music school. This maintains numerous ensembles u. a. the youth symphonic wind orchestra of the youth music school. There are also several wind orchestras in the city center and the six districts. Symphony and chamber concerts are held regularly as part of the city's cultural program. The studio concert series of events presents experimental music. At the annual Hohentwiel Festival, concerts with international stars of the rock and pop scene as well as classical concerts take place on the Hohentwiel fortress ruins. In Singen there are two fanfare trains, the fanfare train of the Poppelezunft 1860 and the fanfare train Blau-Weiss Singen e. V.
sports clubs
For almost every sport there is a club with appropriate facilities, from dog sports to judo, boxing and baseball. There are several football clubs in Singen, including the national league club FC Singen 04 . The top-class handball club is the DJK Singen in the regional league. Other clubs offer athletics and boxing , among other things . The ski club Singen e. V. exists since 1924 and started on the local mountain Hohentwiel; from the Singen ski club, the Singen canoe club in Moos / Iznang on Lake Constance has split off. The Singen-Hilzingen glider pilot group, which was founded in 1951, now operates air sports on the Hilzingen glider airfield. The SSF Singen has been responsible for swimming in Singen since the 1970s. The minigolf club 1. BGC Singen e. V. achieved promotion to the minigolf Bundesliga in 2014; In 2015, the club will host the German Mini Golf Championship.
Economy and Infrastructure
Singen and its economy are shaped by the large local companies and a broad range of medium-sized companies. The well-stocked retail trade and large chain stores have made Singen a shopping metropolis for Hegau and the neighboring Swiss cities and communities.
traffic
Road traffic
In Singen there is a connection to the federal motorway 81 ( Stuttgart - Schaffhausen ). At the nearby Hegau motorway junction, the federal motorway 98 branches off to Stockach and Friedrichshafen as well as the motorway-like expressway B 33 to Konstanz . The federal highways 34 and 314 also run through the urban area .
DeinBus.de connects Singen with Freiburg via a long-distance bus line .
Rail transport
The station singing is an important regional railway junction and interchange in southern Baden-Wuerttemberg , where today three, but sooner five railway lines meet.
Singing is the starting point of the Gäubahn to Stuttgart . On this route, the city is, among other things, a stop for the Intercity trains between Stuttgart, Schaffhausen and Zurich . The trains of the Black Forest Railway , which connects Singen with Offenburg and Konstanz , also stop in Singen . The Hochrheinbahn provides connections to Basel .
In regional traffic, Interregio-Express and Regional-Express trains stop , which offer connections to Karlsruhe , Stuttgart, Basel and via Friedrichshafen to Ulm . Regional train lines connect Singen with Schaffhausen and Bülach , the Seehas regional train connects Singen with Engen , Radolfzell , Konstanz and some Lake Constance communities and also stops in the city at the Singen Industrial Area and Singen State Garden Show stops .
The Randenbahn used to run from Singen to Beuren-Büßlingen . There is also the Etzwilen – Singen railway via Rielasingen to Etzwilen in Switzerland. There is no longer any scheduled train service on this route. Since a roundabout was built at the junction of Georg-Fischer-Straße and Güterstraße, the railway line in this area has also been interrupted, as a new track was initially not built in the roundabout. In the summer of 2019, however, the gap was closed so that there will be a continuous connection from Singen to Etzwilen again in the future.
The city belongs to the transport association Hegau-Bodensee .
Freight traffic is handled via a container terminal in the industrial area, which offers connections to Italy.
Established businesses
Large local industrial companies are Maggi , Fondium , the aluminum works Constellium Singen GmbH, Amcor Flexibles Singen GmbH and Takeda Pharma (formerly Altana Pharma AG ). The company Nestlé maintains for many years a PTC (Product and Technology Center). Other major employers are the city administration and the Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum . Singen is the seat of Volksbank Hegau and the Zehnacker facility management group.
media
In Singen (Hohentwiel) the daily newspaper Südkurier from Constance appears with a local Singen edition. There is also the Singener Wochenblatt .
From 2003 to 2009 the regional television broadcaster Regio TV Bodensee (until the beginning of 2011 under the name Euro 3 or REGIO TV Euro 3) ran a studio in the city. Regional radio stations are Radio 7 (Studio Tuttlingen, 102.5 MHz), SWR3 (97.1 MHz) and Radio Seefunk (105.3 MHz). In March 2006 the independent internet daily newspaper Bodensee Rundschau started operations. Singen is also home to the TV broadcaster and internet provider Wetter.com , which was founded by Manfred Klemann from Singen .
Authorities, courts and institutions
In Singen there is a branch of the district office of Konstanz , a tax office and, since 1929, a district court that belongs to the district court district of Konstanz. Singen is the seat of one of the largest main customs offices in Germany with just over 1000 employees. The Bodensee-Hohenzollern regional office of the Archdiocese of Freiburg is also located here , to which the deaneries of Westlicher Hegau (in Engen), Östlicher Hegau (in Mühlingen), Konstanz, Linzgau (in Meersburg), Meßkirch, Sigmaringen and Zollern (in Hechingen ) belong.
Educational institutions
The school offer includes four pure primary schools (Bruderhofschule, Hardt school, primary school Beuren at the Aach, primary school Friedingen), six primary and Werkrealschule (Schillerschule, lever-school Waldeck School, Beethoven school, primary and secondary school Bohlingen, primary and secondary school Überlingen), the two secondary schools (Ekkehard secondary school and Zeppelin secondary school), the two grammar schools ( Hegau grammar school and Friedrich Wöhler grammar school ) and the special needs schools (Pestalozzi school and Wessenberg school). Since the 2014/15 school year, the Beethoven School has been the only community school in Singen and a mandatory all-day school for the GMS classes.
There are also the vocational schools Hohentwiel-Gewerbeschule (technical school and technical high school ) and Robert-Gerwig-Schule (commercial school and business high school ), the Haldenwang school for the physically and mentally handicapped with a school kindergarten for the mentally handicapped and a school kindergarten for the speech handicapped.
The evening secondary school, the nursing school at the Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum , a private school for educational assistance at Castle Bohlingen, the adult education center and the municipal youth music school round off the school offerings.
Singing public observatory
The Volkssternwarte Singen e. V. is located in the south-western part of the city of Singen am Hohentwiel. The three-meter dome with the instruments is located on the flat roof of the Zeppelin secondary school. The observatory has been operated by the Astronomical Working Group of the Volkssternwarte Singen e. V. operated. The members work on a voluntary basis. Every first Friday of the month, whatever the weather, the observatory is open to the public. Special tours are offered for astronomical events.
graveyards
- Hohentwiel cemetery
- Waldfriedhof Singen (Hohentwiel)
Personalities
Honorary citizen
The city of Singen (Hohentwiel) has granted the following people honorary citizenship:
- 1930: Rudolf Brüggemann, long-time director of Maggi-Werke Singen
- 1930: August Ruf , prelate and Catholic parish priest of Singen
- 1931: Alexander Riehm, Protestant pastor of Singen
- 1938: Ernst Schmid, general director of Maggi administration in Berlin
- 1951: Albert Funk , city pharmacist
- 1955: Hans Constantin Paulssen , General Director of Alusingen GmbH, President of the Hochrhein-Bodensee Chamber of Commerce and Industry and President of the Confederation of German Employers' Associations (BDA)
- 1955: Walter Wiederhold , manufacturer in Hilden
- 1973: Theopont Diez , Lord Mayor
- 1975: Karl Gnädinger , auxiliary bishop
- 2002: Dietrich H. Boesken , General Director of ALUSINGEN GmbH and President of the Upper Rhine-Bodensee Chamber of Commerce and Industry
- 2016: Wilhelm Josef Waibel, industrial clerk , also honorary citizen of the city and district of Kobeljaky / Ukraine and of Muschyna Greblja / Ukraine
Sons and daughters
- Joseph König (1819–1900), theologian and historian, born in Hausen an der Aach
- Emil Greder (1867–1919), opera singer
- Sebastian Buchegger (1870–1929), architect
- Curth Georg Becker (1904–1972), painter and graphic artist
- Adolf Haas (1914–1982), biologist, natural philosopher and university professor
- Herbert Haag (1915–2001), Catholic theologian
- Arthur Kaufmann (1923–2001), lawyer, legal philosopher, professor in Saarbrücken
- Karl Schmid (1923–1993), historian, professor in Münster and Freiburg
- Erika Krause (1924–2017), moderator, quiz master and author
- Walter Braun (1930–2019), business administration professor and politician (1969–1979 Minister of Culture and 1979–1983 Minister of Social Affairs of Schleswig-Holstein)
- Ekkehard Fluck (* 1931), chemist
- Robert Maus (* 1933), politician (CDU), district administrator of the district of Konstanz (1973–1997), member of the state parliament (1972–1996)
- Hermann Hepp (* 1934), gynecologist and obstetrician, professor at LMU Munich
- Arno Baruzzi (1935–2016), philosopher and political scientist
- Otto Gerhard Oexle (1939–2016), historian (Medievalist), professor a. a. in Göttingen
- Melitta Berg (* 1939), pop singer
- Paul Wehrle (* 1940), auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Freiburg
- Peter Braun (* 1941), politician, Lord Mayor of Germering
- Wolfgang Hepp (* 1941), actor (Die Fallers; Tatort)
- Roland Benz (* 1943), biotechnologist, professor at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg
- Bertold Siber (* 1943), top chef
- Michael Molls (* 1944), radiation therapy oncologist and professor at the Technical University of Munich
- Friedemann Hahn (* 1949), artist, professor at the Academy of Fine Arts at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Rafael Ferber (* 1950), philosopher, professor at the University of Lucerne
- Felix Droese (* 1950), artist
- Knut Folkerts (* 1952), former terrorist of the Red Army Faction (RAF)
- Markus Weggenmann (* 1953), painter
- Manfred Klemann (* 1953), publisher and writer
- Lothar Klappauf (* 1953), mining archaeologist
- Siegfried Dietrich (* 1954), physicist, professor, director of the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research
- Ziroli Winterstein (1954–2007), musician
- Pepe Danquart (* 1955), filmmaker ( Oscar winner 1994)
- Didi Danquart (* 1955), director and filmmaker (Viehjud Levi), professor at the "Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung" in Karlsruhe
- Markus Schwendemann (1957–1994), opera singer
- Gerhard Zahner (* 1957), German lawyer, author and theater critic
- Klaus Tafelmeier (* 1958), track and field athlete and Olympic participant
- Roland Brandt (* 1960), neurobiologist
- Beatrix Ruf (* 1960), director and curator of the Kunsthalle Zürich
- Michael Hoch (* 1961), Rector of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- Veronika Olma (* 1962), born in Beuren an der Aach, painter
- Christoph Schnaudigel (* 1963), district administrator of the Karlsruhe district
- Gerd Blum (* 1965), art historian and university professor
- Thomas Eichelmann (* 1965), management consultant and manager
- Birgit Homburger (* 1965), politician (FDP)
- Stefan Dinter (* 1965), illustrator and comic artist
- Georg Maier (* 1967), politician, Interior Minister of Thuringia
- Matthias Dinter (* 1968), screenwriter and director
- Oliver Stein (* 1971), actor and theater director
- Stefan Frech (* 1977), radio and event presenter
- Simon Harrer (* 1978), jazz musician
- Jens Truckenbrod (* 1980), soccer player
- Matthias Rauh (* 1981), handball player
- Maja Lehrer (* 1990), German actress
- Carolin Niemczyk (* 1990), member of the electro pop duo Glasperlenspiel
- Cedric Soares (* 1991), soccer player
Known residents
- Konrad Widerholt (1598–1667) Commander of the Hohentwiel Fortress
- Franz Josef von Enzenberg (1747–1821), chief steward of the Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
- August Ruf (1869–1944), priest, social reformer and Righteous Among the Nations , was a long-time Catholic pastor in Singen
- Ernst Bacmeister (1874–1971), pseud. Felix Montanus, writer
- Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951), surgeon (in 1915/1916 in a specially created military hospital in Singen am Hohentwiel he developed his method for supplying amputation injuries with hand prostheses during the First World War)
- Hans Johannes Albrecht (1876–1956), ship surveying engineer, "scribe" for the German Quakers from 1927 to 1947
- Julius Weismann (1879–1950), composer
- Hans Ernst Posse (1886–1965), lawyer, “State Secretary for Special Tasks” and from 1938 to 1941 Deputy General Representative for the Economy Walther Funk
- Curt Weller (1895–1955), publisher
- Otto Dix (1891–1969), painter, graphic artist
- Ernst Mayer (1901–1952), politician of the FDP / DVP and journalist
- Josef shaker (1902-1972), union leader ( IG metal ), politicians ( CDU ), MdL 1946-1949, MP 1949 to 1961, work Minister of Baden-Württemberg 1961-1968
- Robert Seyfried (1905–1991), painter and sculptor, lived in Bohlingen from 1951 until his death
- Volker Kauder (* 1949), lawyer, politician, Member of the Bundestag ( CDU ), former Secretary General of the CDU , former chairman of the CDU / CSU parliamentary group
- Siegfried Kauder (* 1950), lawyer, politician, Member of the Bundestag ( CDU ), brother of Volker Kauder
- Johan Neeskens (* 1951), Dutch soccer player (World Cup 74), coached FC Singen 04 in 1995/96
literature
- Erich Keyser (Ed. On behalf of the Working Group of the Historical Commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the German Association of Cities and the German Association of Municipalities): German city book. Urban History Handbook. Volume IV, Part 2: Badisches Städtebuch. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1959.
- The Singen town hall. For the inauguration on October 30, 1960 . Published by the city of Singen (Hohentwiel), 1960.
- The annual Singen yearbook published by MARKORPLAN-Verlag . with Singen Chronicle.
- Wilhelm J. Waibel: Shadows at Hohentwiel: Forced laborers and prisoners of war in Singen. Constance 1995, ISBN 3-926937-22-X .
- Michael S. Berchmann: It happened in Singen (Hohentwiel): A picture book from the heart of the city from 1949 to 1991. Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-9805081-6-1 .
- Herbert Berner, Reinhard Brosig (Hrsg.): Singen city history . 3 volumes Thorbecke, Sigmaringen (partly. Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz) 1987/94.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Spiegel Online : Weather balance 2008, table of sunshine duration from January 2, 2009, accessed on January 4, 2009.
- ↑ Weather report for the country. 2007 was far too warm ( Memento from January 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). In: Stuttgarter Zeitung online
- ^ Resident Sing Statistics
- ↑ List 3: Final dating of the post-Limestone coins in southwest Germany. P. 423–430, here P. 428. in: Claudia Theune: Germanics and Romanes in the Alamannia: structural changes due to the archaeological sources from the 3rd to the 7th century . Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017866-4 .
- ↑ Jürgen Hald: From the Stone Age to the Alemanni - archaeological finds in Radolfzell and the districts . In: City of Radolfzell am Bodensee, Department of City History (Hildegard Bibby, Katharina Maier) (Ed.): Radolfzell am Bodensee - The Chronicle . Stadler, Konstanz 2017, ISBN 978-3-7977-0723-9 . Pp. 12-26.
- ↑ StiASG , Urk. I 95. Online at e-chartae , accessed on June 12, 2020.
- ^ Herbert Berner (ed.): Singen city history . Volume 2. Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1990. ISBN 3-87799-090-8 , page 200/201.
- ^ EH Larive, The Man who Came in from Colditz , ISBN 0-7091-4816-X
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 83f.
- ↑ Matthias Biehler: Memory of a Christmas present that nobody wanted. In: " Südkurier ", December 30, 2019, p. 21.
- ↑ Which cities in South Baden were bombed in World War II In: Südkurier from March 28, 2019
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 497 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 519 .
- ↑ St. John d. T. Schlatt on the website of the pastoral care unit Mittlerer Hegau.
- ↑ 'SWR Landesschau currently on the mayoral election in Singen' The incumbent misses the victory
- ↑ "Stumbling blocks in Singen"
- ↑ www.kunstmuseum-singen.de
- ^ Hermann Koch: In memoriam Walter Wiederhold . In: Hilden Yearbook. 6/1960, p. 17.
- ^ Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Hans Rudolf Berndorff: That was my life. Kindler & Schiermeyer, Bad Wörishofen 1951; cited: Licensed edition for Bertelsmann Lesering, Gütersloh 1956, pp. 188–193.
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