Johann Konrad Ammann

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Johann Konrad Ammann, portrait by Friedrich Wettstein, Museum zu Allerheiligen , destroyed April 1, 1944

Johann Konrad Ammann (* 1669 , baptized February 7, 1669 in Schaffhausen , † 1724 in Warmond near Leiden ) was a Swiss doctor and educator for the deaf.

Life

Ammann's textbook

Johann Konrad Ammann received his doctorate in Basel in 1687 and is considered to be one of the first authors of instructions for the education of the deaf and dumb with the work Surdus loquens (The speaking dove) published in Amsterdam in 1692 . In 1700 his Dissertatio de loquela (Treatise on the ability to speak ) appeared, both works were translated into several modern languages.

Ammann's suggestions for educating the "deaf and dumb" were to draw students' attention to the lip and throat movements of the speaker and then induce them to imitate those movements until they culminated in recognizable letters, syllables, and words. It is believed that Surdus loquens was the basis of Samuel Heinicke's teaching method.

Ammann is credited with saying that "the biblical breath of God, given to the first man, Adam, represents the ability to speak". This deduced the importance of speaking as the most essential human element and condemned sign language as not being human. This provided the philosophical basis with which the oralists later justified the opposition to sign language in the education of deaf children.

Ammanns Surdus loquens is mentioned by the English cleric and mathematician John Wallis in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 1698.

There are numerous variations of the name spelling of Johann Konrad Ammann in various documents, both the family name ("Amman", "Amann") and the first name ("Johannes Conradus" etc.) as well as confusion with the 1724 born in Schaffhausen and the According to historical documents, doctor Johann Conrad Ammann temporarily living in Leiden .

Johann Konrad Ammann was married to Maria Birrius (or Birris) in Amsterdam since 1694 .

Quotes

Amman's discoveries are probably of greater value; he has withdrawn people from the blind drive to which they appeared to be condemned; he endowed them with ideas, with spirit, with a word with a soul, which they would otherwise never have had. What skill would you like to rate higher!

Works

  • Surdus loquens seu Methodus qua, qui surdus natus est, loqui discere possit . Amstelodami: Wetstenius 1692 ( swissbib )
  • The Talking Deaf Man . 1692 (English e-text from Project Gutenberg )
  • Dissertatio de loquela, qua non solum vox humana, et loquendi artificium ex originibus suis eruuntur, sed et traduntur media, quibus ii, qui ab incunabulis surdi et muti fuerunt, loquelam adipisci ... possint . Amstelaedami: Wolters 1700 ( swissbib )
  • Cours elementaire d'education des sourds-muets, suivi d'une dissertation sur la parole. Paris 1879.
  • John Conrade Amman: The Talking Deaf Man . Dodo Press, New Mills UK 2009, ISBN 978-1409955412
  • John Conrade Amman: Surdus loquens . Valde Books, United States 2009, ISBN 978-1444450583

literature

  • Huldrych M. Koelbing: Ammann, Johann Konrad. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Johann Jakob Schenkel: Johann Konrad Ammann, med. Dr. (Author of the Surdus loquens) . Lecture by Pastor JJ Schenkel, held on May 30, 1888 at the teachers' conference of the Schaffhausen district, Schaffhausen: H. Meier & Cie., 1906 (Festschrift to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the historical and antiquarian association of the canton of Schaffhausen)
  • As the Swiss Dr. 200 years ago in Holland, Johann Konrad Ammann was the first to teach deaf-born deaf-mute children to speak according to planned procedures . In: You: cultural monthly , Vol. 1 (1941), No. 2 (April), pp. 48 and 55, online
  • University at Buffalo : A History of Speech - Language Pathology: John Conrad Amman 1669-1724 online

Web links

Commons : Johann Konrad Ammann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City Archives Schaffhausen: Ernst Rüedi: Johann Conrad Ammann
  2. ↑ e-periodica As the Swiss Dr. 200 years ago in Holland, Johann Konrad Ammann was the first to teach deaf-born deaf-mute children to speak according to planned procedures . Du (magazine) : cultural monthly, volume 1, 1941, issue 2
  3. ↑ Julien Offray de La Mettrie : The human being a machine , Berlin 1875. ( online version )
personal data
SURNAME Ammann, Johann Konrad
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss doctor and teacher for the deaf
DATE OF BIRTH baptized February 7, 1669
PLACE OF BIRTH Schaffhausen
DATE OF DEATH 1724
Place of death Warmond at Leiden