Falcon Association

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Falkenbund was a medieval aristocratic union in Tyrol . He was on March 28, 1407 by Heinrich VI. founded by Rottenburg . It consisted of 126 nobles and it originally served to protect against the Appenzell and Bavarians .

Botzen with the area in 2 hours (Johann Stridbeck, around 1700)

history

Henry VI. von Rottenburg, state grandmaster of Tyrol, owned a third of the land and, measured by income, was richer than the sovereign, who could not afford such splendid courtship as the Rottenburger. Based on this power, after the dissolution of the elephant federation, he founded the falcon federation on Easter Monday, March 28, 1407 in Bozen , hence also called "Boznerbund", consisting of 126 Tyrolean landlords, including most of the 21 members of the elephant federation. In addition to the aristocrats, numerous cities and municipalities were members of the Confederation, such as Meran , Tramin , Trient , Nonsberg , Fleims , Pergine etc. They were represented by their mayors. Nonsberg delegated the notaries Wilhelm von Cles, Delaitus von Cusiano, Alexander von Cazziffo and Semblantus von Pavillo.

As a badge, the members wore a silver falcon around their necks on a wide ribbon. The Falkenbund was closed for 10 years. The federal statute (federal charter) had 15 articles. The first and most important purpose of the union was taken verbatim from the statutes of the elephant union. ("If the Duke should act violently against one of us against national law, we want to jointly admonish the Duke and diligently ask him not to carry out any innovations. Should one of us be shortened in his rights elsewhere, we want to unite him to rights to help. ”) In the Falcon Association one saw the beginnings of a Tyrolean four-state constitution. The Falkenbund was officially set up against the Appenzell and Bavaria. Duke Friedrich IV , against whom both the elephant and falcon leagues were directed, acted very cleverly when he himself joined the league on March 24, 1408. So he took the point that was directed against him.

Soon Heinrich von Rottenburg tried to abuse the Falcon Association to implement his treasonable plans (May 25, 1410). After an uprising against the bishop broke out in Trento in May 1410 , Heinrich, although not summoned, went with his robber barons against the city, stormed it and had all the duke's supporters slaughtered and their castles destroyed. At the same time, the keepers and their servants were to leave the Rottenburg castles and those of the members of the Falcon Association and take prisoners everywhere the loyal prince. So, of course, there was an open break between Heinrich and Friedrich with the empty pocket, as the duke was also called. However, Friedrich proved to be the stronger, the members of the League remained loyal to him and after Rottenburger was overthrown on March 25, 1411, the Falcon Association dissolved. Friedrich remained the winner. The Rottenburger fled to Italy, sought help, but was turned away everywhere, until he was finally in Duke Stefan III. from Bavaria found a supporter.

Coat of arms of those of Fuchsberg
Coat of arms of those of Goldegg
Coat of arms of the von Mätsch
Coat of arms of those of Parsberg
Coat of arms of those of Thun
Coat of arms of those of Vintler
Coat of arms of those of Selva

Federal members (selection)

The federal members included four captains from the country, which was divided into four quarters, and 122 other nobles.

Captains

Others among the 126 noble families

  • Heinrich von Anich zu Altlehen
  • Hans von Annenberg
  • Merkulin (Markus), Nikolaus and Ulrich von Arz
  • Christof von Brandis , son of Randold II.
  • Pretlinus and Sigmund von Caldes
  • Riprando (Hildebrand) by Cles
  • Ulrich von Eglsee zu Feigenstein and his brother Dietl
  • Merklinus (Marquard) from Epfingen (Erphingen)
  • Hans von Firmian and his brothers Viktor and Wilhelm
  • Hans von Freundsberg (Frundsberg)
  • Christof I. Fuchs von Fuchsberg and his cousin Zyprian
  • Alphart von Goldegg and his brothers Hans, Jörg and Wilhelm from Mitter-Lana
  • Franz von Greifenstein
  • Bartlmä Gufidaun
  • Friedrich von Hauenstein
  • Martin (von) Jäger der Elder, from Tesimo (is considered to be the father of the fictional Sabine (von) Jäger , who was considered the faithless lover of the minstrel Oswald von Wolkenstein in the 19th and beginning of the 20th century and who made it to a certain fiction )
  • Friedrich von Launeburg (Lanaburg, Leonburg), ancestor of the Lords of Brandis
  • Leonhard (Lienhart) von Liebenberg and his brother Daniel
  • Petermann (IV.) Von Liebenberg and Vellenberg
  • Hans Lichtenstein-Karneid and his brother Wilhelm IV.
  • Hans von Luttach and his brother Heinrich
  • Hans von Mareit
  • Ulrich von Mätsch the Younger, Count von Kirchberg
  • Wilhelm von Mätsch , governor on the Adige
  • Georg-Leonhard Metzner from Runkelstein
  • Konrad von Parsberg
  • Gaudenz Konrad von Partschins
  • Hildebrand of Passeier
  • Sigmund von Pardell (Pradell)
  • Heinrich von Payr zu Caldiff and his brother Leonhard (Lienhart)
  • Felix von Ratgeb
  • Friedrich Schenk von Niedermontani and his brother Georg Otto
  • Heinrich von Schlandersberg and his brothers Kaspar and
  • Heinrich (III.) Von Schrofenstein
  • Ludwig von Sparrenberg (Spornberg) and his brother Parcival
  • Matthias II von Spaur zu Burgstall and his brother Peter
  • Ulrich von Starkenberg († after 1424; declared dead in 1430) and his brother Wilhelm, both sons of Sigmund von Starkenberg and owned by Greifenstein Castle and other castles
  • Erasmus, Jakob, Simon and Vigilis von Thun
  • Konrad (V.) von Trautson-Sprechenstein and his brother Hans the Elder and Hans the Younger (Mareit), son of Konrad
  • Eckehard (Munkenun) von Villanders and his brothers Georg and Hans
  • Christof Vintler and his brothers Hans , Joachim and Leopold; also their cousins ​​Nikolaus and Franz von Vintler
  • Hanns von Völseck
  • Hans von Werberg
  • Hans, Konrad, Lienhard and Oswald von Wolkenstein zu Rodenegg
  • Michael von Wolkenstein zu Trostburg , founder of the Wolkenstein-Trostburg line
  • Hanns Zwingenstein from Saleck

Ulrich (I) von Reichholf , Bishop of Brixen , later joined the Falcon Association (February 14, 1408).

literature

  • Albert Jäger : Country Constitution of Tyrol. Verlag Wagner, Innsbruck, 1882, 2nd volume, 1st part
  • Clemens Wenzeslaus Graf von Brandis: Tyrol under Friedrich of Austria. Verlag Carl Schaumburg and Comp., Vienna 1823
  • Jakob Andrae Freiherr von Brandis : History of the governors of Tyrol. Verlag Wagner'sche Buchhandlung, Bern 1850

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst von Schwind, Alfons Dopsch : Selected documents on the constitutional history of the German-Austrian hereditary lands in the Middle Ages. Innsbruck 1895, pp. 303-306, no. 161.
  2. ↑ a b Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva: Überetsch (Eppan, Kaltern, Tramin, Girlan) - knight castles and nobles. In: Austrian Family Register. Vol. 2, Degener-Verlag, Neustadt an der Aisch 1963, p. 107 f.
  3. ^ A b Clemens Wenzeslaus Graf von Brandis: Tyrol under Friedrich of Austria. Verlag Carl Schaumburg and Comp., Vienna 1823, p. 150 ff.
  4. ^ Albert Jäger: Country Constitution of Tyrol. Verlag Wagner, Innsbruck, 1882, Volume 2, Part 1, p. 254
  5. ^ Clemens Wenzeslaus Graf von Brandis: Tyrol under Friedrich von Österreich. Verlag Carl Schaumburg and Comp., Vienna 1823, p. 26 f.
  6. ^ Josef Egger: History of Tyrol. Innsbruck 1872, volume 1, p. 505
  7. ↑ Jakob Andrae Freiherr von Brandis: History of the governors of Tyrol. Verlag Wagner'sche Buchhandlung, Bern 1850, p. 156 ff.
  8. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. On the mythization of Frederick IV of Austria from the 15th century to the present . (Contributions to European ethnology and folklore. Series A, Texts and Studies 4). Frankfurt am Main [u. a.]: Lang 1995, pp. 217-221
  9. ↑ Ulrich (I.) von Reichholf (* in Vienna; † May 18, 1417 in Brixen ), who previously served as Chancellor of Duke Leopold IV and was imprisoned in Ensisheim in Alsace for a long time (until April 14, 1405)