Hauenstein (knight family)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Hauenstein

The Lords of Hauenstein was a front Austrian knights on the Upper Rhine .

history

Much is not known about the von Hauenstein family of knights. They had their headquarters at between Laufenburg and Waldshut located Burg Hauenstein . The gentlemen von Hauenstein appear for the first time in 1215 with Eberhard and Lüthold von Hauenstein. An earlier mention can be found in the necrology of the Hermetschwil monastery in Aargau from around 1140 , a day of remembrance on April 11 for a " Chonradus subdiac. De Howenstein ". Whether this sub - deacon mentioned there belongs to this gender has not been proven beyond doubt, but it can be assumed. In 1027, Radbot von Habsburg founded the Muri monastery as a double monastery. About fifty years later it came to the monastery of St. Blasien to be reformed according to its model. For this purpose monks and lay brothers from St. Blasien were sent to Muri. So it is quite conceivable that the aforementioned sub-deacon Conrad von Hauenstein was one of these lay brothers. In addition, there are mentions of the noble family von Buch and von Bildstein, who was based in Hauenstein. The following are named: February 26th Mechthilt de Buoch , September 30th Gerdrut de Buoch , October 26th the couple Ritter Burkard von Buoch and Hedwig ( Burchardus miles de Buoch et Hedwigis uxor eius ) and Uol de Bilstein .

It appears that they had a good and friendly relationship with Count Rudolf von Habsburg, who later became king. This can be concluded from a remark in a document from 1260, where he describes Ulrich von Hauenstein as his " Dear Franks ". It remains to be seen whether this suggests a Franconian origin of the von Hauenstein family. Ulrich von Hauenstein was compelled in 1260 to cede his property near Rotenburg because of "several citizens" to Laufenburg. On December 1, 1260, Rudolf von Habsburg approved this assignment. This shows that the Habsburgs had sovereign rights over the possessions of the von Hauenstein family. Because of this trade, the two brothers Ulrich and Conrad asked Rudolf von Habsburg on April 5, 1266, to confirm the transfer of the goods to the citizens of Laufenburg, which were formally transferred to the brothers Johannes and Jakob von Wessenberg in 1267 . In return for this they received some possessions in Laufenburg from Rudolf in the same year. It is not clear which Rotenburg it is. Maybe it is Rotenburg Castle near Wieslet. It is more likely, however, that this is an abandoned castle with the same name, which was probably opposite Hauenstein Castle on the other side of the Rhine. There is a win called Rotenburg in old maps. The Rotenburg possessions were given back to the Hauensteiners in the form of an after loan from the Counts of Wessenberg in the same year. A different document is also from 1267, which says that the "Hof Rotenburg went to the noble Heinrat von Gerwyl". The necrology of the German Order Coming in Hitzkirch lists a " Dominus Uolricus de Howenstein " and his wife " Agnes uxor eius " for April 20th . It cannot be said whether it is the aforementioned Ulrich von Hauenstein.

In the case of an armistice agreement in 1262, a Burcard von Hohenstein appears on the side of Count Rudolf v. Habsburg, Count Gotfrid von Habsburg, Count Conrad von Freiburg, Otto von Ochsenstein and a Burcard from the donors along with the Council and Citizenship of Strasbourg on the one hand and the Strasbourg Bishop Walter von Geroldseck on the other. This Burcard von Hohenstein probably belongs to the family of those von Hohenstein near Oberhaslach in Lower Alsace. It is not clear whether this sex was related to the one in the von Hauenstein family.

In 1268 a purchase contract for Count Hartman von Froburg names Burkhard and Rudolf von Hauenstein. It is possible that these come from a family of the same name from Hauenstein in the Jura. Rudolf von Hauenstein mentioned there is probably identical with the " Rudolfi de Howenstein procuratoris dicti monasterii ... " mentioned on November 9, 1288 as procurator of the St. Urban monastery . It was about a donation from the Schmid couple to this monastery, which at that time, like Säckingen , belonged to the Diocese of Constance . The St. Urban monastery and the Säckingen monastery in Schliengen also shared property. Since the certificate was issued in Basel, it is quite conceivable that the aforementioned Rudolf von Hauenstein comes from the family resident near Hauenstein near Waldshut .

In the disputes about the ban on the Augst court between the rulers of Rheinfelden and Basel , a document from Count Wernher von Homberg, which is dated January 28, 1275, names a "Herr Hans von Howenstein" among numerous other noble families. However, this document is obviously a forgery, as most of the witnesses listed there belong to the 14th century. In 1275, in the fiefdom of Count Werner von Homberg, a Hans von Hauenstein appears against the bishop. Johann von Hauenstein, who was married to Anna von Büttikon , was a knight and held the office of warehouse attendant from the Säckingen monastery . Although this was a very lucrative office, he gave it up again in 1311 and retired to the castle and contented himself with the rest of his feudal and interest income. He had two sons, Knights Johann and Wilhelm. Bader writes that Wilhelm was probably the last of the line but Wilhelm probably had a son named Hanman.

On August 14, 1295, a " Johannine dicto Houwenstein ex parte altera " sold his rights to a house in Basel to St. Leonhard Abbey in Basel. It is questionable whether it is the same Johannes von Hauenstein or whether there was another gentleman with this name at the same time. The mentioned witnesses " Luprando de Biberesche " and " Heinrico de Berne " speak for the latter . Biberesche means Biberist in the canton of Solothurn . Between Basel and Solothurn there is a pass with the name Hauenstein to which this name could refer. On May 19, 1316, knight Johannes von Hauenstein managed to have the place Dossenbach, including Zwing und Bann and Eigenleuten, transferred to him and his wife Anna as a fief of Margrave Heinrich von Hachberg , Lord of Rötteln and his brother Otto. The nobles of Hauenstein had this fiefdom since around 1284, because it says: "... which his ancestors had to fief from them ..." Dossenbach had its own local nobility, which was probably with Heinrich von Dossenbach and his wife Gertrud the time died out around 1284. This emerges from a document in which the German Knight Order in Beuggen confessed that the aforementioned couple chose their funeral "at Buken, in a field called Wittengrunt" and donated a year for it. Heinrich von Dossenbach, probably the father of the aforementioned, also chose Beuggen as a burial site on June 10, 1258.

In 1297 and again a year later, " Johans Höwenstein " appears again in a certificate for a house in Kleinbasel . There, among others, a " Rudolf von Keiserstvl " and a " Johans von Friburg, kuphersmit " are named as witnesses . But even these witnesses hardly point to witnesses from the Waldshut area. Bertoldus von Höwenstein, mentioned in 1298 and servant of the Basel knight Peter Schaler, does not fit into the lineage of the family based near Bad Säckingen.

It has been handed down that the Lords of Hauenstein owned Hauenstein Castle, an imperial fief , as an Austrian castle hat fief .

Hauenstein Castle headquarters

This comes out in a funny way from a document from the year 1304 when Johann and Ulrich von Hauenstein had to forego an annual donation of two fur chamois and two pairs of shoes for the Hauenstein castle guards after a trial against the St. Blasien Abbey During the negotiations, no one from earlier times could remember such a charge.

With a document dated August 1, 1356, the then abbess of the Säckingen monastery, Margaretha von Grünenberg , Wilhelm von Hauenstein and his heirs allowed the transfer of an endowment pension from one property to another.

Wilhelm von Hauenstein sold it to Margrave Rudolf III on August 8, 1368 with the consent of his son Henman. from Hachberg. In a Habsburg fiefdom register from 1318, a Herman von Höwenstein is named, who had to give 2 courage pips from his “little estate”. A Helwig von Hauenstein appears in 1349 as the wife of the noble servant Gregorius von Lörrach.

Henman von Hauenstein was a supporter of the House of Habsburg. So after the imprisonment of the Lucerne mayor Petermann von Gundoldingen and Johannes von Ow (von Au) in 1370, which amounted to a breach of the peace, he sided with the brothers Bruno and Herdegen Brun against the city of Zurich. This is shown by an entry in the Zurich city book. Henman von Hauenstein was under suspicion that in 1375, when the troops of Enguerrand VII. De Coucy and his army, the so-called Gugler , who were officially directed against the House of Habsburg, invaded him , along with other nobles of the region who were loyal to the Habsburg castle and the Basel bishop Johann von Vienne , on Coucy's side. The Swiss historian Aegidius Tschudi comments on this: " The Bishop of Basel was even widely suspected that he had caused the Guglers (or English) to be too sorry for those of Bern ". Ochs takes up this in his description: “ The performance book also shows that Coucy had supporters and helpers among the neighboring nobility, in which it commemorates the warning issued by the council, namely“ to Marggraf Hessen von Hochberg, Jungher Hannemann von Bechburg, Her Burkhard Sporer, Hannemann von Howenstein, Herman zer Nesseln, Hans Nans, Count Hartmann von Kyburg, von Burgdorf, Heinrich von Swandegk, the Lord von Cussin, and all their helpers and servants, and theirs ”. "

Henmann was later in the service of Margrave Rudolf III. from Hachberg-Rötteln. As bailiff for possible marriage disputes of the margrave and his wife Anna von Freiburg, he was obliged to administer the marriage tax and dowry in their interests. In this office there are some documented mentions where he appears as a witness and co-sealer. So in the years 1387, 1388 and 1389. In 1393 Henman von Hauenstein sealed the original feud of Johannes Scheffer, called the widow's son von Weitbruch for the German knights coming Beuggen , whose foster father he seems to have been.

Henman von Hauenstein was married to Else Sweininger. She was probably the daughter of the nobleman Konrad Sweininger and Verene von Achdorf. On September 18, 1337, they asked Margrave Otto von Hachberg, Herr zu Röteln, to refer to the tithe at Möhlin to refute their marriage tax: " 80 Marks of silver in Basel . His brother, the nobleman Johann, had received this fief from him. From this marriage Henmann was later entitled to him and his wife the inheritance of the lay tenure in the village of Möhlin (CH) , to which he did not, however, lay claim in 1397 and only reserved the right of a later claim, which he did a year later. This was not without consequences because it led to disputes with his employer, Margrave Rudolf von Hachberg-Sausenberg, Herr zu Rötteln, which continued in Hanman von Büttikon’s successor until January 1408. Henman von Hauenstein appears in a document for the last time in 1403. He probably dies a short time later in Säckingen, where he was a citizen.

With the death of Henman von Hauenstein, the male line of the Lords of Hauenstein became extinct.

coat of arms

In gold, there is a red bar, four times tinned on the top, above which three six-pointed red stars float.

literature

  • Daniel Brucker: Attempt to describe historical and natural peculiarities of the Basel landscape . Basel 1750 digital edition .
  • Josef Bader : Badenia or the Baden region and people . Heidelberg 1866 digital edition .
  • Eduard Prince Lichnowsky : History of the House of Habsburg . Vienna 1844 digital edition .
  • Regesta of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050 - 1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892.
  • Dr. Franz Pfeiffer: The Habsburg-Oesterreichische Landbuch , Stuttgart 1850.
  • Andre Gutmann: Hauenstein Castle on the Upper Rhine - an outstanding example of Habsburg castle politics in the 13th and 14th centuries . In: Burgen und Schlösser 4/2015, pp. 259–268.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Necrologium et liber anniversariorum Monasterii Hermetisvillani - in Monumenta Germaniae historica - Necologia Germania, Tomus IS 428
  2. ↑ Helmut Flachenecker: Nonnen, Kanonissen und Mystikerinnen - Religious women's communities in Southern Germany , 2008, p. 210 ISBN 978-3-525-35891-7
  3. ↑ Necrologium et liber anniversariorum Monasterii Hermetisvillani - in Monumenta Germaniae historica - Necologia Germania, Tomus I.
  4. ^ History of the House of Habsburg, Eduard Maria Lichnowsky
  5. ↑ http://www.wessenberg.at/wessenbergiana/histnotiz.htm
  6. ^ Arnold Münch: Regesten der Graf von Habsburg Laufenburgische Linie, p. 19, document no. 113
  7. ↑ cf. on this note in ZGORh. Vol. 17, p. 70 about Rudolf von Hohenstein
  8. ↑ Attempt to describe historical and natural peculiarities of the Basel landscape, p. 1338
  9. ↑ Badenia or the Baden region and people, vol. 1, Josef Bader p. 195
  10. ^ Markus Wolter: Other participants (ed. Etc.): Commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg; " The newly found, so far oldest land register of the women's choir in Säckingen, was created around 1300 ": commented edition
  11. ↑ History sheets from Switzerland, Volume 2, pp. 43–44
  12. ↑ Attempt to describe historical and natural peculiarities of the Basel landscape, p. 1338
  13. ↑ History sheets from Switzerland, Josef Eutych Kopp p. 44 supplements
  14. ^ LR Schmidlin: History of the parish of Biberist, Solothur, 1886, p. 20
  15. ↑ Basel Document Book, Vol. 3, Certificate No. 179
  16. ↑ Monuments de l'histoire de l'ancien évêché de Bâle: Volume 2 - page 572
  17. ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number h595
  18. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 28 document 72
  19. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 28 document 31, p. 92
  20. ^ Document book of the city of Basel, vol. 3, documents nos. 390, 404 and 446
  21. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 28, p. 434 and ZGORh. Vol. 28, p. 385 No. 99
  22. ↑ Badenia or the Baden region and people, vol. 1, Josef Bader p. 195
  23. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 7, p. 437.
  24. ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg Vol. 1, certificate number h692
  25. ^ Sources on Swiss history. Vol. 15, p. 774.
  26. ^ Christian Wurstisen : Bassler Chronicle. Volume 1, 1765, p. 53.
  27. ^ H. Zeller-Werdmüller: Zurich city books XIV. And XV. Century. Volume 1, 1899, p. 230.
  28. ↑ Chronicle Aegidius Tschudi
  29. ^ Peter Ochs : History of the city and landscape of Basel
  30. ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg, Vol. 1, certificate number H619

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