Anna Hausmann

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Anna Hausmann (* end of the 14th century, probably in Brixen ; † around 1425 or before May 1, 1427), better known as the housewife , was a schoolmaster's daughter from Brixen and acquaintance of the poet Oswald von Wolkenstein , who helped her in some set a (negative) literary monument of his songs as his fatal lover . She also knows the legend about Oswald von Wolkenstein as Sabina Jäger .

The historical Anna Hausmann

Not much is known about the historical Anna Hausmann. She had a business relationship with Oswald von Wolkenstein, who was in debt to her, probably since around 1409, and perhaps there was also a love affair between the two. Anna Hausmann was not married and was obviously wealthy. She received income from real estate, leased property and pledged goods (also from sovereign property), which she had inherited from her father Hans Hausmann († before 1413), who is proven to be the schoolmaster and temporary mayor of Brixen, and her grandfather she managed independently.

When the family property was divided between the brothers Michael, Oswald and Leonhard von Wolkenstein in 1407, Oswald von Wolkenstein received a third of the Ganerbeburg Hauenstein near Seis am Schlern . The other two thirds belonged to Barbara von Hauenstein, who was married to a knight named Martin Jäger, who lived in Tesimo . There had already been conflicts between the families about ownership of the castle, which came to a head after Oswald's marriage to Margareta von Schwangau in the summer of 1417 , when he closed the castle around 1420, obviously in disregard for the rights of the other owners made his residence. The result was a long-term dispute that was fought particularly hard on both sides and was ultimately used successfully by Duke Friedrich IV of Austria as Prince of the County of Tyrol in his conflict with the nobility after Martin Jäger and his allies had persecuted them Claims had been transferred to the sovereign court at the end of 1421.

Anna Hausmann supported Martin Jäger in this dispute. It is not entirely clear whether she and her family took advantage of his conflict to enforce their own demands on Oswald von Wolkenstein, or whether they owned shares in Hauenstein Castle and were thus directly involved in the conflict. According to information from Oswald's literary work on the circumstances that led to his capture by Martin Jäger in the autumn of 1421, it was the housewife who allegedly lured him into an ambush so that Martin Jäger's followers were able to overwhelm him. He also gives the impression that she was also involved in the torture that was inflicted on him afterwards, presumably in the Fahlburg near Prissian , at least as a spectator.

In the spring of 1427 (according to the documents of May 1, 1427) Oswald von Wolkenstein submitted to the Duke, vowed the original feud and paid the compensation sums demanded by Martin Jäger and his supporters, whereby he also replaced their shares in Hauenstein Castle and so now more legally came into the entire possession of the castle. Anna Hausmann did not live to see this anymore, she probably died around 1425. In the documents for this submission and agreement, the brothers Heinrich and Hans Hausmann as well as the children of another brother named Georg Hausmann who have already died are recorded as their heirs.

Anna Hausmann's afterlife as the fictional-historical Sabina Jäger

Oswald's biographer Anton Schwob identified the historical Anna Hausmann as the model for the figure of the fatal lover in the work of the poet Oswald von Wolkenstein. In the secondary literature of the 19th century, the fatal lover was given something like her own (fictional) biography in connection with her relationship with Oswald von Wolkenstein, where she represents the prototype of a “ femme fatale ”. She was given the name Sabina or Sabine Jäger and became a daughter or sister of Martin Jäger, although scientific research suggested that she was married to a man named Hausmann, who lived in Hall . Beda Weber also made this Sabina Jäger in his novel Oswald von Wolkenstein and Friedrich with the Empty Pocket (publ. Innsbruck, 1850) the poet's childhood love, who later became the lover of Duke Friedrich IV of Austria. This triangular constellation can be found in several other fictional depictions from the 19th and the first half of the 20th century.

Judging the historical Anna Hausmann

The negative image of Anna Hausmann, which also determined her fictional existence as Sabina Jäger, is one-sided, as it can be traced back exclusively to information found in Oswald von Wolkenstein's poetic work. In addition to the fact that Oswald is certainly not to be classified as an objective contemporary witness, in view of the fact that the main source is the work of a writer, his artistic freedom must also be considered. From material sources (documents) only the picture of a wealthy woman with a respectable family background emerges, who was obviously able to manage her property herself, which enabled her as a person to have a certain independence in the society of that time.

Fiction

  • Artur von Rodank : Sabina Jäger , Drama (1885)
  • Artur von Rodank : Sabina Jäger. A picture of time and life from the beginning of the 15th century , novel (1905)
  • Hubert Mumelter : Two Without Mercy , novel (1931)
  • Heinrich von Schullern : The Duke with the Empty Pocket , novel (1948) (second part of the trilogy: Das Land im Gebirge ) (Anna Hausmann is only an episode figure here as Sabine Jäger, her role is reduced to that of a former lover of Duke Friedrich, which if they meet again becomes a temporary threat to his marriage.)

literature

  • Kerstin Helmkamp: Genre and Gender: The 'Captivity' and 'Marriage Songs' of Oswald von Wolkenstein . Inaugural dissertation, Berlin, 2003, partial digitized version (accessed on March 13, 2017)
  • Alan Robertshaw: Oswald von Wolkenstein and “Sabine Jäger”: love or romance? In: Hans Dieter Mück and Ulrich Müller (eds.): Collected lectures of the 600th anniversary of Oswald von Wolkenstein (= Göppingen work on German studies, 206). Seis am Schlern 1977, pp. 455-481.
  • Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (Ed.): The life testimonies of Oswald von Wolkenstein. Edition and commentary. Böhlau, Vienna et al. 1999, vol. 1 and 2
  • Ute Monika Schwob: Ain women pild. Attempt to restore the personality of "Anna the housewife, sat in Brixen. Hannsen Hausmann's daughter" . In: Ingrid Bennewitz (ed.): Der frawen buoch. Attempts at a feminist Medieval Studies (= Göppingen work on German studies, 517). Göppingen, 1989, pp. 291–326 (This essay is currently the only work that deals exclusively with Anna Hausmann. A disadvantage of this research work is that it is based on a conservative, old-fashioned image of women that has ended since gender research 20th century is considered questionable and Anna Hausmann judges by this standard.)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to a timetable for Oswald von Wolkenstein available on the Internet , viewed on March 13, 2017, Oswald sealed a certificate from her on May 25, 1409. In other sources, however, it is assumed that the relationship between the two began around 1413.
  2. ↑ Notes on this Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein's life , 1999, vol. 1, p. 199f.
  3. ↑ A love affair is usually accepted as a fact in secondary literature with Oswald von Wolkenstein. B. Walter Röll: Oswald von Wolkenstein. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 636, but there does not seem to be any evidence other than that from Oswald himself.
  4. ↑ Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein , 1999, vol. 1, p. 205
  5. ↑ Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein's life , 1999, vol. 1, p. 70f.
  6. ↑ Ute Monika Schwob: "Mistresses" in Tyrolean sources. On the legal and social position of noble women in the Middle Ages , in: Egon Kühebacher (Hrsg.): Literature and fine arts in the Tyrolean Middle Ages. The Iwein frescos by Rodenegg and other evidence of the interaction between literature and the fine arts (= Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. Germanistic series 15), Innsbruck 1982, p. 168
  7. ↑ A brief summary of the conflict in Ulrich Müller: The singer and his castle. Hauenstein and Oswald von Wolkenstein , p. 2, viewed on March 13, 2017
  8. ↑ Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein's life , 1999, vol. 1, p. 72ff. and p. 75f.
  9. ↑ Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein's life , 1999, vol. 1, p. 264
  10. ^ Anton Schwob : Oswald von Wolkenstein. A biography (= series of publications by the South Tyrolean Cultural Institute. Volume 4). Athesia, Bozen 1977, pp. 67-75
  11. ↑ Anton Schwob - Ute Monika Schwob (ed.): The witnesses of Oswald von Wolkenstein's life , 1999, vol. 1, p. 100, suspects a connection with Sabina von Schenkenberg, who was temporarily held captive by Martin Jäger and his followers. She was married first to Kaspar Schabl, then to Stefan Fraß von Völs, and after the death of the Brixen canon Johann von Schenkenberg claimed his inheritance.
  12. ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach: Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 58th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, pp. 64–68 (under Oswald von Wolkenstein) and Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 44, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 137-139 (under Oswald von Wolkenstein)
  13. ↑ Gottfried Kompatscher: People and rulers in the historical saga. On the mythization of Frederick IV of Austria from the 15th century to the present. (Contributions to European ethnology and folklore. Series A, Texts and Studies 4). Frankfurt am Main [u. a.]: Lang 1995, p. 219
personal data
SURNAME Hausmann, Anna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hunter, Sabine; Hunter, Sabina
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Model for the fictional character of Sabina Jäger
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1425 or before May 1, 1427