Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana

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Rai - Radiotelevisione italiana SpA

logo
legal form Società per azioni
founding 1954
Seat Rome , ItalyItalyItaly 
management
  • Marcello Foa, COB
  • Fabrizio Salini, CEO
Number of employees 12,811
sales EUR 2.58 billion
Branch media
Website www.rai.it
As of December 31, 2018

The Rai - Radiotelevisione italiana SpA (mostly just Rai , formerly RAI ) is Italy's public broadcaster . It is a radio and television company . The acronym originally stood for Radio Audizioni Italiane , but was retained when it was renamed in 1954.

history

In August 1924 the SA Radiofono of the Marconi Company and the Società Italiana Radio Audizioni Circolari (SIRAC) of the RCA merged to form the Unione Radiofonica Italiana (URI) . On October 6, 1924, the first URI broadcast from Rome, which received sole broadcasting rights. The Milan station followed in 1925, and the Naples station in 1926.

In November 1927, the URI was replaced by the Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche (EIAR) , whose shareholders included General Electric , Società Idroelettrica Piemontese (SIP) and Fiat . New stations emerged in Bolzano, Genoa, Turin, Palermo, Trieste, Florence and Bari. In 1930 the Prato Smeraldo shortwave station was opened. In 1933 a second transmitter network began to operate (Milan II and Turin II). From around 1935 there was a foreign language service, including news in German (discontinued in 2007). In 1935 responsibility for the radio programs was transferred to the Ministry of Press and Propaganda . In 1937 a third radio program and the experimental television station Monte Mario started .

In February 1945 the renaming of the EIAR in Radio Audizioni Italia (RAI) became effective. After the start of regular television on January 3, 1954, the name was changed to Radiotelevisione Italiana on April 10 of the same year . Two years later, the television signals reached the entire Italian state territory. However, due to the high purchase costs for a television set, there were only a few participants at that time (360,000). In 1961 and 1979 the second and third RAI television programs followed.

In 1976 the Constitutional Court lifted the RAI's monopoly in favor of local private broadcasters. In the following years there was a lack of legal regulations, so that de facto several national private television programs could be established.

As part of a restructuring of the Rai, Rai Uno was renamed Rai 1, Rai Due to Rai 2, Rai Tre to Rai 3, Rai Sport to Rai Sport 1 and Rai Sport Più to Rai Sport 2 on May 18, 2010. Two new channels were also introduced: Rai 5 and Rai Storia . The logos of the television programs have also been changed.

In 2018 it was announced that Rai was participating in the European Alliance co-production group together with the German broadcaster ZDF and the French broadcaster France Télévisions .

organization

The Rai is organized as a state stock company. At the top is the Board of Directors ( Consiglio di Amministrazione , Board of Directors ) with a chairman. Some areas are directly assigned to the CEO ( Amministratore Delegato ), including reporting from the Presidential Palace (Rai Quirinale) and the Vatican (Rai Vaticano).

The administrative area ( Direzione Generale Corporate ) is divided into finance, technical infrastructure and real estate including regional and foreign offices ( Sedi Regionali ed Estere ) as well as other areas such as personnel administration ( Risorse Umane ) and the radio archive ( Rai Teche ).

The program area is divided into four areas:

  • Radio: Radio 1 (with the newsrooms GR1, GR2, GR3 and GRP ), Radio 2 , Radio 3 and Isoradio
  • Newsroom ( Testate ): TG1, TG2, TG3, Rai News, Rai Sport, Rai Parlamento and TGR ( Testata Giornalistica Regionale ) with Italian-speaking branches in each of the 20 regions of Italy as well as the editorial offices of the minority languages: a German and a Ladin editorial office in the province Bolzano and a Slovenian editorial office in the Friuli region ; the French editorial team in the Aosta region is assigned to the local Italian editorial team
  • TV channels ( Rai 1 , Rai 2 , Rai 3 , Rai Ragazzi with Rai Gulp and others, Rai Cultura with Rai 5 and others, Rai Gold with Rai 4 and others, Rai Fiction) and television genres
  • Television production with production centers in Rome , Milan , Naples and Turin .

The subsidiaries of the Rai include u. a. Rai Cinema , Rai Com (marketing), Rai Pubblicità (advertising concessionaire) and Rai Way (broadcast network).

Some logos

Rai Way
Broadcasting Network for broadcasting the broadcast signal
Rai Italia
operates the Rai Italia channels for America, Asia, Australia and Africa
Rai Vaticano
broadcasts broadcasts from the Vatican
Rai Parlamento
operates the GR Parlamento , Senato della Repubblica and Camera dei deputati channels
Rai Giornale Radio
the radio newsroom
Rai Teche the broadcast archive
RaiPlay
's website
Rai Quirinale
broadcasts from the President's Quirinal Palace
Rai Cinema
Production company for films
Rai Com
promotes the marketing rights of the productions
Rai Orchestra
the radio orchestra
Rai Libri
magazine publisher
logo
Rai Fiction
Production company for feature films, TV films and the like
Rai Cultura
operates event and documentation channels
Rai Trade
promoted the marketing rights of the productions from 1987 to 2011

Programs

RAI currently broadcasts on 14 terrestrial television channels ( Rai 1 , Rai 2 , Rai 3 , Rai 4 , Rai 5 , Rai Movie , Rai Premium , Rai Gulp , Rai Yoyo , Rai News 24 , Rai Storia , Rai Sport , Rai Scuola ) and three national radio channels in FM ( Rai Radio 1 , Rai Radio 2 , Rai Radio 3 ). Apart from Rai 1, Rai 2, Rai 3 and Rai News24, some of the other TV channels are not always available nationwide. The radio channels Rai Radio Tutta Italiana , Rai Radio 3 Classica , Rai Radio Techete ' , Rai Radio Live and Rai Radio Kids are broadcast using other technologies . The radio channel Rai Isoradio is only broadcast along the highways and in Rome. In addition, RAI is a member of the pan-European television station Euronews and transmits the politically oriented stations Camera dei deputati and Senato della Repubblica .

In Bolzano there are two other independent departments in addition to the Italian-language editorial team: Rai Südtirol produces German-language radio and television programs (such as the Tagesschau ) for South Tyrol , Rai Ladinia does the same in Ladin for Ladinia . The programs of Rai Südtirol and Rai Ladinia are broadcast on a common television and radio channel. There is a Slovenian editorial office in Trieste and a French one in the Aosta Valley

Since 2004, the digital television programs of the RAI have been broadcast terrestrially on an experimental basis (locally limited). The nationwide expansion of digital television was completed in 2012. Since 2008, Rai HD has been broadcasting terrestrial programs from other RAI channels in HD quality. Other RAI channels broadcast in HD are only available with satellite broadcasting.

RAI operates the international television service Rai Italia (Rai Italia America, Rai Italia Asia, Rai Italia Africa, Rai Italia Australia and Rai World Premium) worldwide via satellite . The radio broadcasts on shortwave were discontinued on September 30, 2007.

Overview of the programs

RAI TV programs

Rai 1 Rai 2 Rai 3 Rai 4 Rai 5 Rai News 24
Rai Gulp Rai Yoyo Rai 4K Rai Movie Rai Scuola Rai sport
Rai Südtirol - Logo 2019.svg
Rai South Tyrol Rai Ladinia Rai 3 BIS (Slovenian) Rai Premium Rai Storia Rai Sport + HD
Rai Italia Senato della Repubblica Camera dei Deputati

RAI radio programs

Rai Isoradio - Logo 2017.svg Rai Südtirol - Logo 2019.svg
Rai Radio 1 Rai Radio 2 Rai Radio 3 Rai Isoradio Rai South Tyrol / Ladinia
Rai Radio 1 Sport - Logo 2018.svg Rai Radio 2 Indie - Logo 2018.svg Rai Radio 3 Classica logo.svg
Rai Radio 1 Sport Rai Radio 2 Indie Rai Radio 3 Classica Rai Gr Parlamento Rai Radio Trst A
Rai Radio Kids Rai Radio Live Rai Radio Techete ' Rai Radio Tutta Italiana

Former RAI TV programs

logo logo logo logo logo logo
RaiSat album RaiSat Art RaiSat fiction RaiSat Smash RaiSat Smash Girls RaiSat show
logo logo logo logo logo logo
RaiSat Ragazzi RaiSat Gambero Rosso Channel Rai Med Yes Italia Rai Nettuno Sat Uno Rai Extra
logo logo logo logo logo logo
Rai Test HD Rai Futura Rai Doc Rai Edu 1 Rai Edu 2 Rai Edu Storia
logo logo logo logo logo logo
Rai Edu Lab Rai Edu Lab 1 Rai Edu Lab2 Rai Olimpia Rai Utile Rai Edu Scuola
logo logo Rai HD Logo.svg Rai Sport 2 Logo 2010.svg
Rai Nettuno Sat Due Rai Sport piu Rai HD Rai Sport 2

Former RAI radio programs

logo logo logo Rai Radio 8 Opera.svg
Rai satellite radio Notturno Italiano (1952–2011) Radio Rai Sport Rai Radio 8 Opera

financing

The annual budget of around 2.5 billion euros is mainly financed by license fees and advertising income. The fee regulation dates from 1938. Since a legal reform, the fees have been collected together with the electricity bill since 2016. As a result of this change in procedure, the fee volume could be increased significantly (by 500 million euros to 2.1 billion euros), although the fee due per household was simultaneously reduced from 113.50 to 100.00 euros per year. Previously, according to estimates, around 30 percent of Italians had not met their obligation to pay. In 2017, the statutory fee fell again to 90 euros.

President

Logo of the RAI from 1987 to 2000
RAI logo
(from 2000 to May 18, 2010)
Surname Taking office End of office
Arturo Carlo Jemolo April 20, 1945 August 9, 1946
Giuseppe Spataro August 9, 1946 May 17, 1951
Cristiano Ridomi May 17, 1951 March 11, 1954
Antonio Carrelli June 3, 1954 4th January 1961
Novello Papafava 4th January 1961 March 25, 1964
Pietro Quaroni May 29, 1964 April 12, 1969
Aldo Sandulli April 23, 1969 18th February 1970
Umberto delle Fave March 24, 1970 April 22, 1975
Beniamino Finocchiaro May 23, 1975 20th January 1977
Paolo Grassi 20th January 1977 June 12, 1980
Sergio Zavoli June 12, 1980 October 23, 1986
Enrico Manca October 23, 1986 19th February 1992
Walter Pedullà 19th February 1992 July 13, 1993
Claudio Demattè July 13, 1993 July 12, 1994
Letizia Moratti July 12, 1994 April 24, 1996
Giuseppe Morello April 24, 1996 July 10, 1996
Vincenzo Siciliano July 10, 1996 January 21, 1998
Roberto Zaccaria February 3, 1998 February 16, 2002
Vittorio Emiliani February 16, 2002 February 22, 2002
Antonio Baldassarre March 5, 2002 February 26, 2003
Paolo Mieli March 7, 2003 March 13, 2003
Lucia Annunziata March 13, 2003 May 4, 2004
Francesco Alberoni May 5, 2004 May 31, 2005
Sandro Curzi June 1, 2005 July 30, 2005
Claudio Petruccioli July 31, 2005 March 25, 2009
Paolo Garimberti March 26, 2009 June 8, 2012
Anna Maria Tarantola June 8, 2012 5th August 2015
Monica Maggioni August 6, 2015 25th September 2018
Marcello Foa 26th September 2018

Controversy with the Berlusconi government

The then President of the RAI, Lucia Annunziata , resigned from her position on May 4, 2004. The journalist, who is close to opposition circles, protested against the “all-powerful influence” of the Berlusconi government on the RAI. She resigned after the television broadcaster's supervisory board had proposed several government-related managers to run RAI's subsidiaries.

Transmitters

Web links

Commons : Rai - Radiotelevisione italiana  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. RAI.IT - Organi di Amministrazione e Controllo
  2. a b Relazioni e bilancial December 31, 2018. Rai - Radiotelevisione italiana SpA, accessed on January 7, 2020 (Italian).
  3. Regio Decreto 14 dicembre 1924, n.2191 ( GU 15 gennaio 1925, n.11 )
  4. December 8, 1925; La stazione radiotrasmittente di Milano , Radio Orario 1925, n.48
  5. November 14, 1926; La stazione di Napoli della URI , Radiorario 1926, n.48
  6. July 12, 1928; La sagra di Bolzano , Radiorario 1928, n.30
  7. October 28, 1928; Inaugurazione della stazione di Genova , Radiorario 1928, n.45
  8. February 11, 1929; La stazione di Torino , Radiorario 1929, n.7
  9. June 14, 1931; La festa siciliana della radiofonia , Radiocorriere 1931, n.25
  10. October 28, 1931; EIAR Radio Trieste , Radiocorriere 1931, n.43
  11. April 21, 1932; Nella solennità del natale di Roma Firenze inaugura la sua trasmittente , Radiocorriere 1932, n.16
  12. September 6, 1932; La stazione radiofonica di Bari , Radiocorriere 1932, n.36
  13. Le prove della nuova stazione Torino II , Radiocorriere 1933, n.44
  14. ^ Cronache italiane del turismo in German, English, Esperanto, French, Dutch and Spanish, founded by Achille Antonibon ( Annuario della stampa italiana 1959 p. 912 )
  15. Italradio portals: RAI International stops short waves and 26 languages
  16. Regio Decreto-Legge 26 September 1935, n. 1829 ( GU 27 ottobre 1935, n. 252 )
  17. 29 ottobre, inizio delle trasmissioni del terzo programma , Radiocorriere 1937, n.43
  18. La chiamarono radiovisione per non usare parole straniere , Radiocorriere 1967, n.50
  19. Decreto Legislativo Luogotenenziale 26 ottobre 1944, n. 457 ( GU 20 febbraio 1945, n. 22 )
  20. ^ ECLI : IT: COST : 1976: 202
  21. ^ Martin Geppert: European Broadcasting Area and National Broadcasting Authority . 1993, p. 21 f.
  22. ^ Rai Digitale Terrestre ( Memento from May 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ZDF concludes coproduction alliance with France Télévisions and RAI , accessed on October 22, 2019.
  24. rai.it: organizational chart
  25. see Legge 14 aprile 1975, n. 103 ( GU 17 aprile 1975, n. 102 ), Art. 19, lett. C)
  26. Regio Decreto-Legge 21 February 1938, n.246
  27. RAI license fee dodging down to 4%, in: ANSA English from February 9, 2017, accessed on May 24, 2017 (English)
  28. Canone Rai: l'importo tornerà sopra i 100 euro dal 2017, in: QuiFinanza of November 23, 2015, accessed on May 24, 2017 (Italian)
  29. Collection of the RAI television fee via the electricity bill in July, in: Vinschger Wind from July 8, 2016, accessed on May 24, 2017
  30. Canone Rai: tutti gli importi 2017, in: QuiFinanza from January 9, 2017, accessed on May 24, 2017 (Italian)