Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu

Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu
TV station ( public service )
Program type	Full program
reception	analog terrestrial , cable , satellite & DVB-T
Start of transmission	May 1, 1964
Seat	Ankara
Broadcaster	TRT
Intendant	İbrahim Eren
List of TV channels
Website

Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu ( TRT , German: "Turkish Radio and Television Corporation ") is the public broadcasting company in Turkey .

The TRT was founded in 1963 as a public broadcaster based on the model of the British BBC . Until 1993 there was an official state monopoly on the broadcasting of radio and television programs . In 1968 the first television program was set up. There are currently 16 private national television programs competing with the programs of the TRT, as well as 15 regional and over 200 local television stations.

History of radio

TRT broadcasting center in Ankara, with the portrait of the republic's founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

The radio age also began in Turkey in the mid-1920s. In February 1926, the broadcasting monopoly was transferred to the Post , and the following year the TİTAŞ (Türk Telsiz Telefon Anonim Şirketi) joint stock company , in which the Post was also involved, was granted a broadcasting license until 1936. Radio Istanbul began broadcasting in May 1927 (1200 m), Radio Ankara in November 1927 (1800 m). After the license expired, the state took direct control of broadcasting from 1936 to 1964 . In 1938 Istanbul ceased operations (until 1943/44 or 1949), and Ankara switched to 183 kHz in accordance with the Lucerne wave plan . In 1963 the TRT was founded.

Until 1964 the Turkish radio stations (Ankara Radyosu, İstanbul Radyosu, İzmir Radyosu and others) were operated by the post under the control of the state. When TRT was founded on May 1, 1964, the existing radio channels were combined under the roof of the new broadcasting company as TRT-Radyo and combined into one transmitter. TRT-Radyo was a full program with word and music programs of all genres. In 1975 two more radio networks went on air under the names TRT2 and TRT3. The first - until 1975 the only radio program - was renamed TRT1. With the establishment of the fourth program in 1987, which went on the air under the name Radyo-4 , the TRT also converted its radio channels from full programs to special-interest channels. TRT1, TRT2 and TRT3 were renamed Radyo-1 , Radyo-2 and Radyo-3 in order to differentiate them more clearly from the TV channels (TRT-1 and TRT-2) in terms of naming. Radyo-1 became a cultural broadcaster and the music content in the daily program was reduced further and music programs were put into the late evening. Radyo-2 became a news channel , Radyo-3, according to the program commissioned by v. a. classical western serious music and radyo-4 Turkish folk and Turkish serious music. When Radyo-2 was renamed TRT-fm in 1997, there was also a change in the format of the second program and the associated first program. TRT-fm has become a daily entertainment program for light music for the past three decades. For this purpose, the program share for news and daily reporting on Radyo-1 was further increased and went more in-depth. The four radio channels have hardly changed their format, which has existed since the late 1990s. Including Radyo Haber , Radyo-6 , etc. Since then, more channels were added so that the TRT in 2012 operates nine domestic programs.

History of television

Former TRT logo

"TRT Radio House" in Istanbul

In the 1960s, the Turkish government debated for a long time whether it was worth investing in television . Neither a national VHF broadcasting network for the existing radio programs had been set up, nor did financial resources seem to exist for television. The first test broadcasts of the TV program from TRT were broadcast only in Ankara and reached around 1,000,000 citizens. A television set, however, was still one of the luxury items that few could afford. The metropolitan areas of Istanbul, Izmir and Edirne had to wait until the 1970s for a television signal to be broadcast there as well. Only in 1977 did the television program reach 60% of the population. In the same year, the first program that TRT television broadcast on state programs in several other European countries was the International Children's Festival on April 23rd. The first color television broadcast was the New Year's Eve Gala on December 31, 1981. Test programs in color followed and black and white programs alternated with broadcasts in color, including the news programs, weather reports, children's programs and the President's speeches. In 1984 TRT-TV switched all programs to color television. Furthermore, the end of the broadcast was pushed back and the program was recorded earlier in the morning.

On October 6, 1986, in addition to TRT-TV, the TRT-2 program was put into operation, which reached 20% of the population from the start. It was established as a culture and art program. In 1987, TRT-TV reached 95% and TRT-2 80% of the population. In 1989, the TRT-gap program was also put into operation, which, after TRT-2 had closed, broadcast educational programs for Southeast Anatolia on the channels of the second program. TRT-gap's studios were relocated from Ankara to Diyarbakir and TRT-gap reached 60% of the population in south-east Turkey. On October 10, 1989, the TRT-3 program started as a program for documentaries and parliamentary or sports broadcasts and for foreign films and series. TRT-TV was converted to TRT-1 and broadcast Turkish films, series, news, reports and TV shows as a full program. From October 1989 on, the TRT operated TRT-1, TRT-2 (TRT-gap) and TRT-3.

TRT studios on Mesuriyet Street in Istanbul

In February 1990 the program TRT-int was started, which was aimed at the Turkish community living abroad in Western Europe and took over the program content from TRT-1, -2 and -3. From April 1992 the institute directed the TRT-avrasya channel to the seer group in the Caucasus and Central Asia .

In June 1990, the education and training channel TRT-4 was started in Izmir , which has largely been preserved in its former content form to this day. In 2001 the deadline for broadcasting was abolished, since then TRT has been broadcasting around the clock.

In January 2009, TRT-6 or TRT-Şeş (Kurdish for TRT-Six ), the first state-owned Kurdish-language broadcaster, went into operation. It is broadcast in Kurmanji and Zazaisch ; Arabic and Persian-language channels are to follow. The Kurdish-language program, which is broadcast around the clock, is intended to withdraw ratings from the popular Kurdish satellite broadcaster Roj TV , based in Denmark . The program includes documentaries and feature films, entertainment programs, news and Turkish soap operas dubbed in Kurdish .

financing

Public service broadcasting is financed from advertising income, taxes on video and TV sets and a 2 percent levy from electricity income throughout the country (covers about half of the financing), as well as from other income, e.g. B. through program sales. The rest will be offset by funds from the state budget.

Mission, content and control

Statutory orders

TRT primarily produces for Turkey. If she would like to produce programs that are intended for use abroad, the President's consent must be obtained. In the country, visual and informative broadcasts must be made in the areas of news, Turkish culture, science and art. The national culture, which not only includes the Turkish, should be financially supported. The proportion of educational and informative programs must be at least 40 percent of the total broadcast time. Furthermore, the TRT has the task of bringing the principles, principles and modern ideas for the republic of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, as well as the tasks of the state (managing assets, increasing independence from abroad, cohesion of the people, satisfaction of the people and justice) closer to the audience . For broadcasts abroad, the citizens living abroad must first and foremost be informed about relations between Turkey and their place of residence, successful integration and events in Turkey. The Turkish state and the republic will also be presented.

The High Council for Radio and Television RTÜK

The "High Council for Radio and Television" ( Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu , RTÜK ) - roughly comparable to the state media authorities in Germany - is responsible for media policy issues: The council distributes the frequencies and broadcasting licenses and monitors the legality of the activities and the broadcast content of the TRT, as well as the private radio and television provider. He is entitled to various sanctions, but these are subject to judicial control. Last but not least, the council was conceived as an authority that should make it difficult for fundamentalist circles to enter the mass media . Its nine members are elected by parliament for six years.

Directors

#	Surname	from	to
1	Adnan Oztrak	04/29/1964	06/02/1971
2	Musa Öğün	08/02/1971	08/30/1973
3	İsmail Cem	02/15/1974	05/17/1975
4th	Nevzat Yalçıntaş	05/17/1975	11/24/1975
5	Şaban Karataş	01/19/1976	06/22/1977
6th	Cengiz Taşer	05/02/1978	11/14/1979
7th	Dogan Kasaroğlu	December 14, 1979	01/20/1981
8th	Macit Akman	01/23/1981	03/27/1984
9	Tunca Toskay	03/28/1984	03/28/1988
10	Cem Duna	March 29, 1988	04/26/1989
11	Kerim Aydın Erdem	07/10/1989	07/10/1993
12	Tayfun Akguner	07/16/1993	09/09/1996
13	Yücel Yener	07/18/1997	08/10/2001
13	Yücel Yener	08/10/2001	03/24/2003
14th	Şenol Demiröz	01/12/2004	08/01/2005
15th	İbrahim Şahin	11/23/2007	09/15/2014
16	Şenol Göka	10/20/2014	05/12/2017
17th	Ibrahim Eren	07/10/2017

deregulation

The TRT had to struggle with the deregulation of the market, which in 1993 meant the legalization of private competition and the fall of the state broadcasting monopoly. The share of advertising income fell from 54% in 1990 to 3% in 1998. The income from advertising is still only 5.6% today, but the TRT receives the radio and television tax introduced in 2011, which generates its income of over one billion Turkish lira .

TRT radio

logo	Surname	main emphasis
	TRT Radyo 1	Word, cultural and information programs and educational programs, radio plays and science programs. Active since 1927
	TRT FM	Turkish and European popular music, adult entertainment, news every hour
	TRT Radyo 3	Exclusively European and American music (pop, jazz, blues, classical music)
	TRT Nağme	Turkish art music
	TRT Türkü	Turkish folk music
	TRT Memleketim FM	(Memleket means home country in German) Insights into the life of Turkish citizens. Interviews with farmers, producers, business people, artists etc. Also broadcasts to the different regions and provinces of Turkey.
	TRT TSR (Türkiye'nin Ses Radyosu)	Radio stations for Turks abroad
	TRT Radyo Haber	News channel
	TRT Radyo Kurdi	News, music and entertainment programs for Kurdish-speaking listeners in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran
	TRT Bölge Radyoları	Regional radios (TRT Antalya Radyosu, TRT Çukurova Radyosu, TRT GAP Diyarbakır Radyosu, TRT Trabzon Radyosu, TRT Erzurum Radyosu)

TRT television

logo	Surname	main emphasis
	TRT 1	public service full program (since 1968)
	TRT 2	Culture-oriented full program (since 2019)
	TRT 3	Channel broadcasting National Assembly ( TBMM ) parliamentary sessions (since 1989)
	TRT World	English-speaking channel with news and documentaries (since 2015)
	TRT Haber	Turkish-speaking channel with news (since 2010)
	TRT Spor	Sport (since 2011)
	TRT Spor2	Sports. After TRT Spor had more and more viewers, it was decided to set up a second channel to broadcast more sports programs. (since 2019)
	TRT Avaz	Promotion of the Turkish language and culture. The program is available in every Turkish language (Azerbaijani Turkish, Turkmen, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Tatar and Uyghur), as well as Bosnian (since 2009)
	TRT Çocuk	TV channels for children (since 2008)
	TRT Belgesel	Documentaries (since 2009)
	TRT Müzik	Music, mainly Turkish music (2009)
	TRT Turk	Transmitter for the Turkish diaspora abroad (2001)
	TRT Kurdi	Channel for Kurdish speakers in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran (since 2008)
	TRT Arabi	Broadcasters for Arabic speakers in the Middle East and North Africa (since 2010)

Former channels

Radio:

• TRT-Turizm Radyosu : Tourism channel with programs in German, English, French, Greek and Russian (discontinued in 2008).
• TSR (Türkiye'nin sesi Radyo): international radio in Europe on shortwave frequency 15350 kHz; TSR broadcasts are also intended for migrants in different countries.
• VOT-World (Voice of Turkey-World): international radio with foreign language broadcasts a. a. also in German and English via shortwave
• VOT-West (Voice of Turkey-West): International radio with foreign language broadcasts a. a. also in German and English via shortwave
• VOT-East (Voice of Turkey-East): international radio with foreign language broadcasts a. a. also in Persian and Arabic via shortwave
• TRT-Avrupa-FM: International radio aimed at migrants of Turkish origin in Western Europe.

Watch TV:

• TRT-int: Full program for citizens of Turkish origin in Western European countries and North America. Has been replaced by TRT Türk.
• TRT-avrasya: Full program for the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia. Has been replaced by TRT Avaz.
• TRT Okul: Was a collaboration with Anadolu University. Educational films for biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography, history, and Turkish language and culture that can be used in the classroom have been produced. Replaced by TRT EBA TV in February 2019 (EBA: Eğitim Bilişim Ağı).

Online presence

Internet

Voice of Turkey Websites (VOT)

Since April 2015, TRT has been operating websites in the following 41 languages: Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dari, German, English, French, Georgian, Greek, Italian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Croatian, Macedonian, Pashto, Persian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Serbian, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Hungarian, Urdu, Uzbek, Uzbek (Afghan variant) and Uighur. The structure of the website is identical for each language (the Turkish website is separate and detailed) and includes news from Turkey and the country where the selected language is spoken. Further information on Turkey.

TRT İzle

TRT İzle is a platform where all series and films that have already been broadcast are stored. Interested parties can look up missed programs there. All television and radio stations are broadcast live. The app was released in March 2020.

EBA TV, a project by the Ministry of National Education in Turkey , was integrated into the app after all schools in Turkey were closed due to the corona crisis. This enabled distance learning to be offered.

news

In 2013, the Turkish Foreign Ministry's project began to set up a news platform that would include the Turkic peoples and the people of Muslim countries. News and documentation from all over the world should be shown, but also those of the Turkic peoples, since according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs these are not given enough attention. Al Jazeera, RT and CNN served as role models. In 2015, TRT World started operations. TRT World has different platforms that it uses for its target groups. For viewers over 30 years of age, it operated a television station and website where the same news is available in writing. A YouTube channel and an Instagram page have been set up for the younger audience.

TRT World was continuously expanded. According to its own information, TRT World already had an average of 79 million viewers per day in 2017. Since TRT World had by far reached its own goal of 45 million viewers, work began for TRT Arabi and TRT Deutsch, which would become news channels in Arabic and German based on the model of TRT World. TRT Arabi has already been converted, the external appearance has been adapted. TRT Deutsch started the beta phase in December 2019, but has no TV channel.

Social media

TRT operates a YouTube channel on which, similar to TRT TV, series are uploaded afterwards. The various TRT stations usually also have a YouTube channel, which then uploads the specific television programs (e.g. TRT 1, TRT World and TRT Belgesel).

Most of the TRT channels are also represented on Instagram. However, Instagram is used more for pointing out upcoming programs, uploading exciting excerpts from programs, and distributing news.

Web links

• Official Website (Turkish)
• TRT TV
• TRT German (news platform)
• Canlı Tv TRT live

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.trt.net.tr/deutsch/content/Trt-Historie
2. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from October 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ Patrick Bartsch: Music politics in Kemalism: the magazine Radyo between 1941 and 1949 . University of Bamberg Press 2011. p. 60 and timetable p. 287
4. ↑ TRT German. Retrieved June 3, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı | İletişim Başkanlığı. Retrieved June 3, 2019 . 
6. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from October 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from December 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
8. ↑ TRT - Görevlerimiz. Retrieved February 2, 2020 . 
9. ↑ Excerpt from the KAYSIS with the articles of law that concern the TRT. KAYSIS, accessed February 2, 2020 (Turkish). 
10. ^ Turkey: New Broadcasting Act. Retrieved June 3, 2019 . 
11. ↑ Doğruluk Payi: TRT Gelirlerinin Dağılımı. Accessed February 2, 2020 (tr-TR). 
12. ↑ EBA, Eğitim Bilişim Ağı, Ders, Haber, e-Dergi, e-Kitap, Video, Ses, Görsel, e-Doküman, İçerik | Eğitim Bilişim Ağı. Retrieved May 12, 2020 . 
13. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from November 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
14. ↑ TRT EBA İzle - Uzaktan Eğitim. Retrieved May 12, 2020 (Turkish).