Old parish church of Gries
The Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady was until 1788 the parish church of the formerly independent community of Gries, which today belongs to the Gries-Quirein district of the South Tyrolean capital of Bolzano . In the late Gothic building on Martin-Knoller-Straße at the foot of the Guntschnaberg there are valuable art treasures. It was placed under monument protection in 1977 .
history
At the site of the Muri-Gries Abbey was originally the castle of the Counts of Tyrol , while the church of the village of Cheller or Keller , as it was called since the early Middle Ages (the name Gries only became common in the course of the 15th century ), was somewhat to the north of it. From this first Romanesque church - first attested in 1165 as " ecclesia de Celle " in an arbitration ruling by the diocesan bishop of Trento in favor of the Episcopal Church of Freising - parts of the nave and tower have survived. A settlement probably goes back to Roman times , while the early medieval church building was originally a separate church of the Freising Monastery and was still managed in the 13th century by a pastor from Innichen , who in turn was under Freising.
A construction hut of the Marienpfarrkirche in Gries is documented in 1364 as " fabrica novi operis ecclesie parrochialis beate et gloriose virginis Marie ab Chelr ".
Around 1414 the Gothic polygonal choir was added to the church. In the course of the 16th century, the Romanesque church was redesigned by inserting a ribbed vault into the nave and, in 1529, a portal porch also provided with ribbed vaults. The tower received a pointed helmet . The Erasmus Chapel with a polygonal end was completed as early as 1519.
In 1788 the church lost its status as a parish church in favor of the newly consecrated collegiate church of the Augustinian Canons of Gries. Around the church is the old Gries cemetery with historical graves, where no new burials have taken place since 1922. Among other things, the tomb of the Austro-Hungarian Minister Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair , who led the expedition of the frigate Novara , is located here. Since 2011, urns can be buried again at the Gries cemetery under certain conditions.
Furnishing
The church of Gries owns two extremely valuable works of art of high standing. On the one hand, there is a Romanesque crucifix from shortly after 1200, presumably from a supraregional, possibly Rhenish provenance. On the other hand, there is an incompletely preserved, late Gothic carved altar by Michael Pacher .
The artist created the work between 1471 and 1475. In the Baroque period , the outdated altar was replaced by a Baroque altar and the Pacher altar was moved to the Erasmus Chapel. There it has been preserved, but the predella , the sprinkling , wings and shrine guardian were lost. Over the years some, often not very happy, restorations were carried out, the last being in 1979.
In the center of the altar is the coronation of Mary by St. Trinity . In the background, angels hold a brocade curtain, which creates an illusionistic depth effect in the representation. The scene is framed by tracery pillars that flow into the canopy tracery with pinnacles and are studded with music-making angels. The wrinkled robe of Mary is held by two angels who connect to the pedestal. The shrine figures of Archangel Michael fighting the dragon are on the left and St. Erasmus . Six colored angels hold a curtain in the background. The two wing reliefs still preserved were attached to the chapel wall. They show the preaching of the Lord and the adoration of the kings .
The painting on the back of the altar does not come from Michael Pacher, but probably from Conrad Waider from Straubing from around 1485 to 1490. It has 15 tempera panels with scenes from the life of Mary, the Passion of Christ and various figures of saints.
archive
From the years 1642 to 1785, account books of the Marienpfarrkirche zu Keller in Gries have been handed down in the Bolzano city archive (Hss. 1076-1090), which were kept by the respective parish princes . A unique forerunner from the years 1422 to 1440 was discovered in 2008.
literature
- Josef Weingartner : The art monuments Bolzano . Vienna-Augsburg: Hölzel 1926, p. 194 ff. (Online)
- Helmut Stampfer , Hubert Walder: Michael Pacher in Bozen-Gries. 2nd edition, Bozen: Athesia 1980, ISBN 88-7014-173-X .
- Sebastian Marseiler: Paths to Art. The most important art monuments in South Tyrol . Athesia, Bozen 2011, ISBN 978-88-8266-734-4 , pp. 30-32
- Hannes Obermair , Volker Stamm : On the economy of a rural parish in the late Middle Ages. The accounting book of the Marienpfarrkirche Gries (Bozen) from 1422 to 1440 (publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 33). Bolzano: Athesia 2011. ISBN 978-88-8266-381-0
Web links
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
- Rear of the Pacher Altar by Conrad Waider
- Description of the church organ
- My Parish, UK: Churchwardens' Accounts of St Mary's, Gries, 1422-1439
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hannes Obermair , Volker Stamm : On the economy of a rural parish in the late Middle Ages , op.cit., P. 15.
- ^ Hannes Obermair: Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 355, no.725 .
- ↑ Cemetery regulations of the Archparish St. Augustin in Gries. (PDF; 1.7 MB) February 14, 2011, accessed December 18, 2012 .
- ↑ Giovanna Fogliardi: Il crocifisso duecentesco ubicato nella vecchia parrocchiale di Gries (Bolzano). In: Studi trentini di scienze storiche II / 88 (2009), pp. 7–54, esp. Pp. 46–50.
- ^ Hannes Obermair: Multiple Pasts - Collecting for the City? The Bolzano City Archives 3.0 . In: Philipp Tolloi (Ed.): Archives in South Tyrol: History and Perspectives / Archivi in Provincia di Bolzano: storia e prospettive (= publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 45 ). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2018, ISBN 978-3-7030-0992-1 , p. 211–224, reference: p. 214 .
- ↑ Hannes Obermair, Volker Stamm: On the economy of a rural parish in the late Middle Ages. The accounting book of the Marienpfarrkirche Gries (Bozen) from 1422 to 1440 (publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 33). Bolzano: Athesia 2011. ISBN 978-88-8266-381-0
Coordinates: 46 ° 30 '17.4 " N , 11 ° 19' 57.3" E